2. as for 至于，關(guān)于 bring about： 帶來(lái)，產(chǎn)生
譯：至于大部分其他社會(huì)問(wèn)題，美國(guó)將不再設(shè)法使用學(xué)校來(lái)促進(jìn)社會(huì)改革。
It‘s becoming increasingly clear to policy makers that schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.⑶
3. it 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
譯：學(xué)校不能解決更大社區(qū)里的所有問(wèn)題，這一點(diǎn)政策制定者愈來(lái)愈清楚了。
Instead， the battle cry for the ‘90s will be the demand for performance and accountability. ⑷
4. battle cry 吶喊 performance 表現(xiàn)，表演
本句的意思是：相反，90年代的強(qiáng)烈要求是人的表現(xiàn)和責(zé)任心。
For 30 years， employers have been hiring graduates for their degrees rather than their abilities；
5.hire（動(dòng)詞）
rather than 的意思是“而不是”。注意本句時(shí)態(tài)用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
譯：30年來(lái)，雇主們一直看重學(xué)位而不是能力來(lái)雇用畢業(yè)生。
employment pay and often even promotion have depended on one‘s diploma. Now many major employers are beginning to demand more than the completion of school. Some of the major banks， for example， are studying the possibility of entrance examinations that would test the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs.
Students and parents， too， will demand greater accountability from schools， on all levels. It will be increasingly common to go to law against school districts and colleges for awarding degrees without imparting the skills that are supposed to go along with them.⑹
6. to go to law against … for 意為：“為…而控告”
that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾skills，意為：“應(yīng)該和這些學(xué)位一起獲得的技能”
譯：學(xué)校如果只授予學(xué)位而不能培養(yǎng)出與學(xué)位相符的技能，人們將會(huì)向法院起訴學(xué)校，這種做法將會(huì)愈來(lái)愈普遍。
And many young people are already switching to practical “hard” subjects. Caring little about the so-called “youth culture” and the media， they have been shifting from psychology into medicine， from sociology into accounting and from black studies into computer programming.⑺
7. 譯：他們對(duì)所謂的“青年文化”和媒體不太感興趣，正在逐步地由心理學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)到醫(yī)學(xué)，由社會(huì)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)到會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)，由黑人問(wèn)題研究轉(zhuǎn)到計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)，等等。
Demand for education is actually going up， not down. What is going down， and fairly fast， is demand for traditional education in traditional schools.
Indeed， the fastest growing industry in America today may be the continuing professional education of highly schooled adults. Much of it takes place outside the education establishment- through companies， hospitals and government departments that run courses for managerial and professional employees ； or through management associations and trade associations.
In the meantime， any number of private enterprises are organizing courses， producing training films and tapes and otherwise taking advantage of growth opportunities that universities shy away from.⑻
8. in the meantime “同時(shí)”
otherwise 在此是副詞，意為：“以其他方式” take advantage of “利用”
that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾opportunities
譯：與此同時(shí)，一些私人企業(yè)也組織教學(xué)課程，制作培訓(xùn)用的電影和磁帶以及以其他方式利用一些大學(xué)避而不用的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。
The demand for continuing education does not take the from that most observers， including this writer， originally expected- namely， “Great Books” classes for adults wanting to learn abort the humanities， the arts， the “l(fā)ife of the mind.” We face instead a growing demand for advanced professional education： in engineering and medicine， in accounting and journalism， in law and in administration and management.
Yet the adults who come back for such studies also demand what teachers of professional subjects are so rarely able to supply： a humanistic perspective that can integrate advanced professional and technical knowledge into a broader universe of experience and learning.
Since these new students also need unconventional hours - evenings， weekends or high-intensity courses that stuff a term‘s work into two weeks- their demands for learning bring a vague but real threat to the school establishment.⑼
9.stuff（名詞-東西、材料；動(dòng)詞-填滿）
that stuff a term‘s work into two weeks 定語(yǔ)從句修飾high-intensity courses 意為：“把一學(xué)期課程壓縮到兩周內(nèi)學(xué)完的高強(qiáng)化班“
譯：由于這些新型學(xué)生還要求非常規(guī)的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間 - 晚上、周末或把一學(xué)期課程壓縮到兩周內(nèi)學(xué)完的高強(qiáng)化班 ，所以他們的學(xué)習(xí)要求給學(xué)校機(jī)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了難以言狀，但又確實(shí)存在的威脅。
The greatest challenge to education is likely to come from our new opportunities for diversity.We now have the chance to apply the basic finding for diversity. We now have the chance to apply the basic findings of psychological， developmental and educational research over the last 100years； namely， that no one educational method fits all children.
Almost all children are capable of attaining the same standards within a reasonable period of time. All but a few babies， for instance， learn to walk by the age of two and to talk by the age of three，but no two get there quite the same way.
So too at higher levels. Some children learn best by rote， in structured environments with high certainty and strict discipline.⑽
10.to learn best by rote 意為：死記硬背地學(xué)習(xí)，由熟記而學(xué)某事
structured 是形容詞，意為：有組織的，有條理的
譯：有些孩子在非常穩(wěn)定、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)格、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)沫h(huán)境里靠死記硬背能達(dá)到佳學(xué)習(xí)效果。
Others gain success in the less structured “permissive” atmosphere of a “progressive” school. Some adults learn out of books， some learn by doing， some learn best by listening.
Some students need prescribed daily doses of information；⑾
譯：至于大部分其他社會(huì)問(wèn)題，美國(guó)將不再設(shè)法使用學(xué)校來(lái)促進(jìn)社會(huì)改革。
It‘s becoming increasingly clear to policy makers that schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.⑶
3. it 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
譯：學(xué)校不能解決更大社區(qū)里的所有問(wèn)題，這一點(diǎn)政策制定者愈來(lái)愈清楚了。
Instead， the battle cry for the ‘90s will be the demand for performance and accountability. ⑷
4. battle cry 吶喊 performance 表現(xiàn)，表演
本句的意思是：相反，90年代的強(qiáng)烈要求是人的表現(xiàn)和責(zé)任心。
For 30 years， employers have been hiring graduates for their degrees rather than their abilities；
5.hire（動(dòng)詞）
rather than 的意思是“而不是”。注意本句時(shí)態(tài)用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
譯：30年來(lái)，雇主們一直看重學(xué)位而不是能力來(lái)雇用畢業(yè)生。
employment pay and often even promotion have depended on one‘s diploma. Now many major employers are beginning to demand more than the completion of school. Some of the major banks， for example， are studying the possibility of entrance examinations that would test the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs.
Students and parents， too， will demand greater accountability from schools， on all levels. It will be increasingly common to go to law against school districts and colleges for awarding degrees without imparting the skills that are supposed to go along with them.⑹
6. to go to law against … for 意為：“為…而控告”
that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾skills，意為：“應(yīng)該和這些學(xué)位一起獲得的技能”
譯：學(xué)校如果只授予學(xué)位而不能培養(yǎng)出與學(xué)位相符的技能，人們將會(huì)向法院起訴學(xué)校，這種做法將會(huì)愈來(lái)愈普遍。
And many young people are already switching to practical “hard” subjects. Caring little about the so-called “youth culture” and the media， they have been shifting from psychology into medicine， from sociology into accounting and from black studies into computer programming.⑺
7. 譯：他們對(duì)所謂的“青年文化”和媒體不太感興趣，正在逐步地由心理學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)到醫(yī)學(xué)，由社會(huì)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)到會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)，由黑人問(wèn)題研究轉(zhuǎn)到計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)，等等。
Demand for education is actually going up， not down. What is going down， and fairly fast， is demand for traditional education in traditional schools.
Indeed， the fastest growing industry in America today may be the continuing professional education of highly schooled adults. Much of it takes place outside the education establishment- through companies， hospitals and government departments that run courses for managerial and professional employees ； or through management associations and trade associations.
In the meantime， any number of private enterprises are organizing courses， producing training films and tapes and otherwise taking advantage of growth opportunities that universities shy away from.⑻
8. in the meantime “同時(shí)”
otherwise 在此是副詞，意為：“以其他方式” take advantage of “利用”
that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾opportunities
譯：與此同時(shí)，一些私人企業(yè)也組織教學(xué)課程，制作培訓(xùn)用的電影和磁帶以及以其他方式利用一些大學(xué)避而不用的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。
The demand for continuing education does not take the from that most observers， including this writer， originally expected- namely， “Great Books” classes for adults wanting to learn abort the humanities， the arts， the “l(fā)ife of the mind.” We face instead a growing demand for advanced professional education： in engineering and medicine， in accounting and journalism， in law and in administration and management.
Yet the adults who come back for such studies also demand what teachers of professional subjects are so rarely able to supply： a humanistic perspective that can integrate advanced professional and technical knowledge into a broader universe of experience and learning.
Since these new students also need unconventional hours - evenings， weekends or high-intensity courses that stuff a term‘s work into two weeks- their demands for learning bring a vague but real threat to the school establishment.⑼
9.stuff（名詞-東西、材料；動(dòng)詞-填滿）
that stuff a term‘s work into two weeks 定語(yǔ)從句修飾high-intensity courses 意為：“把一學(xué)期課程壓縮到兩周內(nèi)學(xué)完的高強(qiáng)化班“
譯：由于這些新型學(xué)生還要求非常規(guī)的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間 - 晚上、周末或把一學(xué)期課程壓縮到兩周內(nèi)學(xué)完的高強(qiáng)化班 ，所以他們的學(xué)習(xí)要求給學(xué)校機(jī)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了難以言狀，但又確實(shí)存在的威脅。
The greatest challenge to education is likely to come from our new opportunities for diversity.We now have the chance to apply the basic finding for diversity. We now have the chance to apply the basic findings of psychological， developmental and educational research over the last 100years； namely， that no one educational method fits all children.
Almost all children are capable of attaining the same standards within a reasonable period of time. All but a few babies， for instance， learn to walk by the age of two and to talk by the age of three，but no two get there quite the same way.
So too at higher levels. Some children learn best by rote， in structured environments with high certainty and strict discipline.⑽
10.to learn best by rote 意為：死記硬背地學(xué)習(xí)，由熟記而學(xué)某事
structured 是形容詞，意為：有組織的，有條理的
譯：有些孩子在非常穩(wěn)定、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)格、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)沫h(huán)境里靠死記硬背能達(dá)到佳學(xué)習(xí)效果。
Others gain success in the less structured “permissive” atmosphere of a “progressive” school. Some adults learn out of books， some learn by doing， some learn best by listening.
Some students need prescribed daily doses of information；⑾