四級考試完形填空對名詞的考查主要集中在三個方面:含有名詞的固定搭配；形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析；特定語境下名詞的選擇。
一、含有名詞的固定搭配
四級完形填空經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如:動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中,會出現(xiàn)交叉測試現(xiàn)象,即對同一詞組的考查,有時側(cè)重名詞,有時則側(cè)重介詞等?？忌杈邆渖詈裨鷮嵉幕A(chǔ)知識,注意在平時練習(xí)中對常見詞組進(jìn)行積累,例如:beyondone’s means(不能用measure,也不能用method,更不能用approach)；by mistake (這個短語就不能說成byerror或者by fault)；in the long run (而不是period, interval或time)等等。
Sleep Smartrecords the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep,via a head-band equipped with electrodes (電極) and a microprocessor. Thismeasures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way assome machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with aclock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which youwant to be wakened, and it then duly (適時地) wakes you during the last light sleepphase before that.
A) findings B) prospectsC) proposals D) purposes
(2006年6月,CET-4)
[解析]此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose表示 "被用于……目的"。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機(jī)器被用于醫(yī)療和研究一樣。正確選項應(yīng)為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質(zhì)和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。
二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析
形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細(xì)微差異做出準(zhǔn)確判定。名詞常在用途和數(shù)量上有所區(qū)分。例如:英語中的license(執(zhí)照,許可證) 和certificate(證書,證明),前者是許可某人從事某種職業(yè)的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經(jīng)做過某事的證書,還有:incident (有歷史意義的事件,插曲),event(重大事件,體育比賽的賽事),affair (時事,要事),emergency(緊急事件)。數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是考(試大區(qū)分英語名詞的關(guān)鍵,因為名詞的特點(diǎn)就在于其可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的劃分。例如:work不可數(shù)意義是工作,變成復(fù)數(shù)works則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習(xí)中,考生應(yīng)培養(yǎng)進(jìn)一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習(xí)慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊(yùn)涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。
Formost of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The pastsix months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had toshelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors."They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say."They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds andstart farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins.In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aidworkers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake tookaway. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.
1.A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
2. A)reservation B) retreat C) replacement D)recovery
(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含 "工具,器械"的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區(qū)分它們的異同。instrument指"用于精細(xì)工作或科學(xué)技術(shù)的工具"；implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械",尤指"較簡單的農(nóng)田或園藝工具"；appliance特指"家用電器"；facility 常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式表示"設(shè)施"。故得出正確選項A),bathingfacilities,洗澡設(shè)施。此外,表示"設(shè)施,工具"的其他近義詞還有:equipment (軍用裝備,野營用具) ,apparatus (一整套相連的設(shè)施),device(專門用途的設(shè)施)等。
2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation "保留"；retreat"退卻,退避"；replacement"取代,代替"；re-covery"恢復(fù)"。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復(fù)的,得出正確選項D)。
三、特定語境下名詞的選擇
四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位于名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點(diǎn)所在?？忌獯鸫祟悊栴}的關(guān)鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:Anearthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almostovernight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended byinternational aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and nightto shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C)personnel D) installations(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank"軍銜,軍階"；equipment"設(shè)備"；personnel"人員,職員"；installation"安裝,設(shè)置"。再根據(jù)句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災(zāi)民眾,得出正確選項C)。
Try out
Directions:
In this section, there are 4 blanks in thefollowing passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C) andD).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
Wise buyingis a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you goabout purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can addto the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying ahairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose onewhose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get ithome you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dryyour hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could wellmake your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should youadopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuablepossession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long 2 . Beforeyou buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow itto check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or aservice, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from threeitems or three estimates.
1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion
2.A) interval B) periodC) run D) time
3. A) equipment B) appliance C)utility D) facility
4. A) goal B) task C) function D)purpose
(2005年1月,CET-4)
答案&解析
1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的前三個名詞都有“形式”的意思，按照名詞的用途，form指“具體事物的形式或形態(tài)”；way指“手段，方法(manner, how to do sth)”，比method更為通用，可指單一的技巧也可指復(fù)雜的操作方法，還可以指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法；method指“方法，方式”，指相當(dāng)精心地擬訂的一組方法，并強(qiáng)調(diào)實施的效率和精確性。fashion表示“時尚”，與前三個名詞詞義差別較大。故得出正確選項考(試大B）：你買一件物品或一項服務(wù)的方式往往可以決定你是在節(jié)省錢財還是在增加額外花費(fèi)。
2題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配“inthe longrun”表示“長遠(yuǎn)，最后”。此句句意為：如果你一直很好地維持你的小家、車子和寶貴財產(chǎn)，那從長期看來，你就是在節(jié)省金錢。最后得出正確選項C）。
3題仍然考查義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含“工具，器械”的意思，按照名詞的用途，equipment表示“軍用裝備，野營用具”；appliance特指“家用電器”；utility常用于短語public utilities“公用事業(yè)”；facility常用考(試大作復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“設(shè)施”。此處表示電器，故得出正確選項B）。
4題是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義：goal“目標(biāo)”；task“任務(wù)”；function“功能，作用”；purpose“目的”。再根據(jù)句意：如果可以的話，先試用或借來使用，看它是否能滿足你特定的使用需求，得出正確選項D）。
一、含有名詞的固定搭配
四級完形填空經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如:動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中,會出現(xiàn)交叉測試現(xiàn)象,即對同一詞組的考查,有時側(cè)重名詞,有時則側(cè)重介詞等?？忌杈邆渖詈裨鷮嵉幕A(chǔ)知識,注意在平時練習(xí)中對常見詞組進(jìn)行積累,例如:beyondone’s means(不能用measure,也不能用method,更不能用approach)；by mistake (這個短語就不能說成byerror或者by fault)；in the long run (而不是period, interval或time)等等。
Sleep Smartrecords the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep,via a head-band equipped with electrodes (電極) and a microprocessor. Thismeasures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way assome machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with aclock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which youwant to be wakened, and it then duly (適時地) wakes you during the last light sleepphase before that.
A) findings B) prospectsC) proposals D) purposes
(2006年6月,CET-4)
[解析]此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose表示 "被用于……目的"。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機(jī)器被用于醫(yī)療和研究一樣。正確選項應(yīng)為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質(zhì)和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。
二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析
形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細(xì)微差異做出準(zhǔn)確判定。名詞常在用途和數(shù)量上有所區(qū)分。例如:英語中的license(執(zhí)照,許可證) 和certificate(證書,證明),前者是許可某人從事某種職業(yè)的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經(jīng)做過某事的證書,還有:incident (有歷史意義的事件,插曲),event(重大事件,體育比賽的賽事),affair (時事,要事),emergency(緊急事件)。數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是考(試大區(qū)分英語名詞的關(guān)鍵,因為名詞的特點(diǎn)就在于其可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的劃分。例如:work不可數(shù)意義是工作,變成復(fù)數(shù)works則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習(xí)中,考生應(yīng)培養(yǎng)進(jìn)一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習(xí)慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊(yùn)涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。
Formost of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The pastsix months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had toshelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors."They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say."They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds andstart farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins.In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aidworkers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake tookaway. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.
1.A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
2. A)reservation B) retreat C) replacement D)recovery
(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含 "工具,器械"的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區(qū)分它們的異同。instrument指"用于精細(xì)工作或科學(xué)技術(shù)的工具"；implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械",尤指"較簡單的農(nóng)田或園藝工具"；appliance特指"家用電器"；facility 常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式表示"設(shè)施"。故得出正確選項A),bathingfacilities,洗澡設(shè)施。此外,表示"設(shè)施,工具"的其他近義詞還有:equipment (軍用裝備,野營用具) ,apparatus (一整套相連的設(shè)施),device(專門用途的設(shè)施)等。
2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation "保留"；retreat"退卻,退避"；replacement"取代,代替"；re-covery"恢復(fù)"。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復(fù)的,得出正確選項D)。
三、特定語境下名詞的選擇
四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位于名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點(diǎn)所在?？忌獯鸫祟悊栴}的關(guān)鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:Anearthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almostovernight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended byinternational aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and nightto shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C)personnel D) installations(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank"軍銜,軍階"；equipment"設(shè)備"；personnel"人員,職員"；installation"安裝,設(shè)置"。再根據(jù)句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災(zāi)民眾,得出正確選項C)。
Try out
Directions:
In this section, there are 4 blanks in thefollowing passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C) andD).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
Wise buyingis a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you goabout purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can addto the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying ahairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose onewhose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get ithome you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dryyour hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could wellmake your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should youadopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuablepossession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long 2 . Beforeyou buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow itto check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or aservice, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from threeitems or three estimates.
1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion
2.A) interval B) periodC) run D) time
3. A) equipment B) appliance C)utility D) facility
4. A) goal B) task C) function D)purpose
(2005年1月,CET-4)
答案&解析
1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的前三個名詞都有“形式”的意思，按照名詞的用途，form指“具體事物的形式或形態(tài)”；way指“手段，方法(manner, how to do sth)”，比method更為通用，可指單一的技巧也可指復(fù)雜的操作方法，還可以指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法；method指“方法，方式”，指相當(dāng)精心地擬訂的一組方法，并強(qiáng)調(diào)實施的效率和精確性。fashion表示“時尚”，與前三個名詞詞義差別較大。故得出正確選項考(試大B）：你買一件物品或一項服務(wù)的方式往往可以決定你是在節(jié)省錢財還是在增加額外花費(fèi)。
2題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配“inthe longrun”表示“長遠(yuǎn)，最后”。此句句意為：如果你一直很好地維持你的小家、車子和寶貴財產(chǎn)，那從長期看來，你就是在節(jié)省金錢。最后得出正確選項C）。
3題仍然考查義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含“工具，器械”的意思，按照名詞的用途，equipment表示“軍用裝備，野營用具”；appliance特指“家用電器”；utility常用于短語public utilities“公用事業(yè)”；facility常用考(試大作復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“設(shè)施”。此處表示電器，故得出正確選項B）。
4題是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義：goal“目標(biāo)”；task“任務(wù)”；function“功能，作用”；purpose“目的”。再根據(jù)句意：如果可以的話，先試用或借來使用，看它是否能滿足你特定的使用需求，得出正確選項D）。