比較結(jié)構(gòu)(一)同級(jí)比較
形式為:...as+(形容詞或副詞)原級(jí)+(名詞)+as...
例句: Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. (選自2009年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that commercial genetic testing...作argue的賓語,to which a sample is compared是一個(gè)修飾the reference collections的定語從句。
譯文: 批評(píng)家們還指出,商業(yè)基因檢測(cè)的好壞取決于用于樣本對(duì)比的參考樣本的好壞。
例句: Scientists generally agree that the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years as much as it has warmed in the 2,000 years since the Ice Age.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that the Earths...Ice Age 作 agree的賓語從句。
譯文: 科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為,地球氣候未來50年到100年的時(shí)間里會(huì)變暖,變暖的程度與自冰河世紀(jì)以來的2 000年的時(shí)間里變暖的程度一樣。
(二)優(yōu)劣比較
1.優(yōu)等比較。
形式為:...比較級(jí)+than...
例句: Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. (選自2006年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,even more bitter than...修飾a message。
譯文: 讀這一消息的滋味甚至比抽丁香煙還要苦,但卻不知怎么地帶來了一股清新的氣息。
例句: These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. (選自2011年Text 1)
分析:該句是由分號(hào)連接的并列句。前一個(gè)分句中含有形容詞的比較級(jí);后一個(gè)分句中副詞moreover表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
譯文:這些錄制音樂價(jià)格低廉,到處可以買到,而且其藝術(shù)品質(zhì)往往比當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏要高出許多。它們可以在聽眾所選擇的任何時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)被“享用”。
2.劣等比較。
形式為:...not so (as)+原級(jí)+as...=less+原級(jí)+ than
例句: According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. (選自2011年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中,分詞短語concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples作后置定語,修飾studies,從句that parents are less happy than childless couples又充當(dāng)concluding的賓語。
譯文: 結(jié)論為 “為人父母者不如無子女者幸?!钡亩囗?xiàng)研究表明,單親父母最不幸福。
例句: Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中those代表lives。
譯文: 他們的生活同其下屬一樣空虛。
(三)級(jí)表示
1. 優(yōu)等比較。
形式為: the+級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞或one +of (in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
例句: It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important basic concern is the function of the particular space.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語為that the interior designers most important...。
譯文: 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者最基本的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就是某一特定空間的功能,這一點(diǎn)很快就清楚了。
例句: I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. (選自2001年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分為I believe that..., that require enlarged...demands是修飾falling transportation...and enlarged markets的定語從句,形容詞短語capable of meeting customers demands修飾operations,其中be the same that...意為“……與……是相同的”。
譯文: 我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)大規(guī)模合并浪潮的最重要的力量與導(dǎo)致全球化的力量是相同的: 運(yùn)輸與通信費(fèi)用下降,貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少,市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)往來以滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。
2. 劣等比較。
形式為: the+least+原級(jí)+(單數(shù)名詞或one)+of(in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
例句: In class, she is the least talented girl in mastering foreign language that I have ever taught.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that I have ever taught是修飾girl的定語從句。
譯文: 她是我在班里教過的在外語學(xué)習(xí)方面最缺乏天分的女孩。
3. 比較級(jí)表示級(jí)含義。
形式為: 比較級(jí)+ than any other+單數(shù)名詞。
例句: The campus of this university is much more beautiful than any other campus.
譯文: 這所大學(xué)的校園是最漂亮的。
4. 級(jí)形容詞前加定冠詞the,但作表語不和他人或物作比較時(shí),可省去the。
例句: I have been busiest these days for writing papers.
譯文: 寫論文的這些天是我最忙的時(shí)間。
(四)同類比較
同類事物才能放在一起作比較,不同類的不能放在一起進(jìn)行比較,例如:
Are your jobs more important than Jack?
(說法錯(cuò)誤。你的工作不能和Jack比較;應(yīng)該是和Jack的工作相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: Are your jobs more important than Jacks?)
The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than Henan Province.
(說法錯(cuò)誤。山西的氣候不能和河南省比較;應(yīng)該是和河南省的氣候相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than that of Henan Province. )
例句: Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. (選自2009年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主干是many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes。 Danes 后省略了religious commitment,as one clergyman learned...是一個(gè)方式狀語從句, who mocked...是一個(gè)修飾folk的定語從句,they had not come to the New World for religion是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作mock的賓語。
譯文: 同時(shí),許多移居者對(duì)宗教的虔誠(chéng)不如丹的表現(xiàn),正如一位神職人員從在海邊遇到的一些人那里聽到的一樣,那些人嘲弄地說道他們來新大陸并不是為了宗教。
形式為:...as+(形容詞或副詞)原級(jí)+(名詞)+as...
例句: Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. (選自2009年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that commercial genetic testing...作argue的賓語,to which a sample is compared是一個(gè)修飾the reference collections的定語從句。
譯文: 批評(píng)家們還指出,商業(yè)基因檢測(cè)的好壞取決于用于樣本對(duì)比的參考樣本的好壞。
例句: Scientists generally agree that the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years as much as it has warmed in the 2,000 years since the Ice Age.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that the Earths...Ice Age 作 agree的賓語從句。
譯文: 科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為,地球氣候未來50年到100年的時(shí)間里會(huì)變暖,變暖的程度與自冰河世紀(jì)以來的2 000年的時(shí)間里變暖的程度一樣。
(二)優(yōu)劣比較
1.優(yōu)等比較。
形式為:...比較級(jí)+than...
例句: Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. (選自2006年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,even more bitter than...修飾a message。
譯文: 讀這一消息的滋味甚至比抽丁香煙還要苦,但卻不知怎么地帶來了一股清新的氣息。
例句: These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. (選自2011年Text 1)
分析:該句是由分號(hào)連接的并列句。前一個(gè)分句中含有形容詞的比較級(jí);后一個(gè)分句中副詞moreover表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
譯文:這些錄制音樂價(jià)格低廉,到處可以買到,而且其藝術(shù)品質(zhì)往往比當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏要高出許多。它們可以在聽眾所選擇的任何時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)被“享用”。
2.劣等比較。
形式為:...not so (as)+原級(jí)+as...=less+原級(jí)+ than
例句: According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. (選自2011年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中,分詞短語concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples作后置定語,修飾studies,從句that parents are less happy than childless couples又充當(dāng)concluding的賓語。
譯文: 結(jié)論為 “為人父母者不如無子女者幸?!钡亩囗?xiàng)研究表明,單親父母最不幸福。
例句: Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中those代表lives。
譯文: 他們的生活同其下屬一樣空虛。
(三)級(jí)表示
1. 優(yōu)等比較。
形式為: the+級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞或one +of (in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
例句: It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important basic concern is the function of the particular space.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語為that the interior designers most important...。
譯文: 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者最基本的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就是某一特定空間的功能,這一點(diǎn)很快就清楚了。
例句: I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. (選自2001年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分為I believe that..., that require enlarged...demands是修飾falling transportation...and enlarged markets的定語從句,形容詞短語capable of meeting customers demands修飾operations,其中be the same that...意為“……與……是相同的”。
譯文: 我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)大規(guī)模合并浪潮的最重要的力量與導(dǎo)致全球化的力量是相同的: 運(yùn)輸與通信費(fèi)用下降,貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少,市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)往來以滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。
2. 劣等比較。
形式為: the+least+原級(jí)+(單數(shù)名詞或one)+of(in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
例句: In class, she is the least talented girl in mastering foreign language that I have ever taught.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that I have ever taught是修飾girl的定語從句。
譯文: 她是我在班里教過的在外語學(xué)習(xí)方面最缺乏天分的女孩。
3. 比較級(jí)表示級(jí)含義。
形式為: 比較級(jí)+ than any other+單數(shù)名詞。
例句: The campus of this university is much more beautiful than any other campus.
譯文: 這所大學(xué)的校園是最漂亮的。
4. 級(jí)形容詞前加定冠詞the,但作表語不和他人或物作比較時(shí),可省去the。
例句: I have been busiest these days for writing papers.
譯文: 寫論文的這些天是我最忙的時(shí)間。
(四)同類比較
同類事物才能放在一起作比較,不同類的不能放在一起進(jìn)行比較,例如:
Are your jobs more important than Jack?
(說法錯(cuò)誤。你的工作不能和Jack比較;應(yīng)該是和Jack的工作相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: Are your jobs more important than Jacks?)
The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than Henan Province.
(說法錯(cuò)誤。山西的氣候不能和河南省比較;應(yīng)該是和河南省的氣候相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than that of Henan Province. )
例句: Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. (選自2009年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主干是many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes。 Danes 后省略了religious commitment,as one clergyman learned...是一個(gè)方式狀語從句, who mocked...是一個(gè)修飾folk的定語從句,they had not come to the New World for religion是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作mock的賓語。
譯文: 同時(shí),許多移居者對(duì)宗教的虔誠(chéng)不如丹的表現(xiàn),正如一位神職人員從在海邊遇到的一些人那里聽到的一樣,那些人嘲弄地說道他們來新大陸并不是為了宗教。