考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 形容詞

字號(hào):

比較結(jié)構(gòu)(一)同級(jí)比較
    形式為:...as+(形容詞或副詞)原級(jí)+(名詞)+as...
    例句: Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. (選自2009年Text 2)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that commercial genetic testing...作argue的賓語,to which a sample is compared是一個(gè)修飾the reference collections的定語從句。
    譯文: 批評(píng)家們還指出,商業(yè)基因檢測(cè)的好壞取決于用于樣本對(duì)比的參考樣本的好壞。
    例句: Scientists generally agree that the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years as much as it has warmed in the 2,000 years since the Ice Age.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that the Earths...Ice Age 作 agree的賓語從句。
    譯文: 科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為,地球氣候未來50年到100年的時(shí)間里會(huì)變暖,變暖的程度與自冰河世紀(jì)以來的2 000年的時(shí)間里變暖的程度一樣。
    (二)優(yōu)劣比較
    1.優(yōu)等比較。
    形式為:...比較級(jí)+than...
    例句: Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. (選自2006年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,even more bitter than...修飾a message。
    譯文: 讀這一消息的滋味甚至比抽丁香煙還要苦,但卻不知怎么地帶來了一股清新的氣息。
    例句: These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. (選自2011年Text 1)
    分析:該句是由分號(hào)連接的并列句。前一個(gè)分句中含有形容詞的比較級(jí);后一個(gè)分句中副詞moreover表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
    譯文:這些錄制音樂價(jià)格低廉,到處可以買到,而且其藝術(shù)品質(zhì)往往比當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏要高出許多。它們可以在聽眾所選擇的任何時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)被“享用”。
    2.劣等比較。
    形式為:...not so (as)+原級(jí)+as...=less+原級(jí)+ than
    例句: According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. (選自2011年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中,分詞短語concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples作后置定語,修飾studies,從句that parents are less happy than childless couples又充當(dāng)concluding的賓語。
    譯文: 結(jié)論為 “為人父母者不如無子女者幸?!钡亩囗?xiàng)研究表明,單親父母最不幸福。
    例句: Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.
    分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中those代表lives。
    譯文: 他們的生活同其下屬一樣空虛。
    (三)級(jí)表示
    1. 優(yōu)等比較。
    形式為: the+級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞或one +of (in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
    例句: It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important basic concern is the function of the particular space.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語為that the interior designers most important...。
    譯文: 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者最基本的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就是某一特定空間的功能,這一點(diǎn)很快就清楚了。
    例句: I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. (選自2001年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分為I believe that..., that require enlarged...demands是修飾falling transportation...and enlarged markets的定語從句,形容詞短語capable of meeting customers demands修飾operations,其中be the same that...意為“……與……是相同的”。
    譯文: 我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)大規(guī)模合并浪潮的最重要的力量與導(dǎo)致全球化的力量是相同的: 運(yùn)輸與通信費(fèi)用下降,貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少,市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)往來以滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。
    2. 劣等比較。
    形式為: the+least+原級(jí)+(單數(shù)名詞或one)+of(in短語)/that從句(僅限于形容詞)。
    例句: In class, she is the least talented girl in mastering foreign language that I have ever taught.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that I have ever taught是修飾girl的定語從句。
    譯文: 她是我在班里教過的在外語學(xué)習(xí)方面最缺乏天分的女孩。
    3. 比較級(jí)表示級(jí)含義。
    形式為: 比較級(jí)+ than any other+單數(shù)名詞。
    例句: The campus of this university is much more beautiful than any other campus.
    譯文: 這所大學(xué)的校園是最漂亮的。
    4. 級(jí)形容詞前加定冠詞the,但作表語不和他人或物作比較時(shí),可省去the。
    例句: I have been busiest these days for writing papers.
    譯文: 寫論文的這些天是我最忙的時(shí)間。
    (四)同類比較
    同類事物才能放在一起作比較,不同類的不能放在一起進(jìn)行比較,例如:
    Are your jobs more important than Jack?
    (說法錯(cuò)誤。你的工作不能和Jack比較;應(yīng)該是和Jack的工作相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: Are your jobs more important than Jacks?)
    The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than Henan Province.
    (說法錯(cuò)誤。山西的氣候不能和河南省比較;應(yīng)該是和河南省的氣候相比較,因此該句正確的說法為: The climate of Shanxi Province is much better than that of Henan Province. )
    例句: Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. (選自2009年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主干是many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes。 Danes 后省略了religious commitment,as one clergyman learned...是一個(gè)方式狀語從句, who mocked...是一個(gè)修飾folk的定語從句,they had not come to the New World for religion是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作mock的賓語。
    譯文: 同時(shí),許多移居者對(duì)宗教的虔誠(chéng)不如丹的表現(xiàn),正如一位神職人員從在海邊遇到的一些人那里聽到的一樣,那些人嘲弄地說道他們來新大陸并不是為了宗教。