Conversation A : On a University Campus?
MARTIN: Hello. I'm Martin Learner. I'm a reporter. Who are you??
NANCY: I'm Nancy Kibelstis.
MARTIN: May I talk to you? I want to ask some questions.?
NANCY: Maybe.?
MARTIN: Are you a student??
NANCY: Yes.?
MARTIN: What are you studying??
NANCY: Elementary education.?
MARTIN: Are you going to be a teacher??
NANCY: Of course.?
JACKIE: Good morning. I'm Jackie.?
MARTIN: What are you doing here, Jackie?
JACKIE: I'm a student. I'm studying history.?
MARTIN: What are you doing here today??
JACKIE: Oh, We're demonstrating.?
MARTIN: When is the demonstration?
JACKIE: In the afternoon.?
NANCY: No, it isn't. It's this morning.
MARTIN: Let's ask those students.?
Practice 1：依照會話A回答下列問題：?
1.What does Nancy do??
2.What is she studying at the university??
3.Why are they both on campus??
4.When is the demonstration??
會話A : 在大學(xué)校園里?
馬 ?。耗愫?。我叫馬丁·勒納，我是記者。你叫什么??
南 希：我叫南希·基貝爾斯蒂斯。?
馬 ?。何铱梢院湍阏?wù)剢?我想問幾個問題。?
南 希：也許可以(回答出你的問題)。?
馬 ?。耗闶菍W(xué)生嗎??
南 希：是的。?
馬 ?。耗銓W(xué)什么??
南 希：基礎(chǔ)教育。?
馬 丁：你打算當(dāng)教師嗎??
南 希：當(dāng)然。?
杰 姬：早晨好。我叫杰姬。?
馬 ?。耗阍谶@兒干什么，杰姬??
杰 姬：我是學(xué)生，我是學(xué)歷史的。?
馬 丁：你今天在這兒干什么??杰 姬：哦，我們在*。
馬 丁：*是在什么時候??
杰 姬：在下午。?
南 希：不，不是。*是在今天上午。?
馬 丁：咱們?nèi)枂柲切W(xué)生。?
Conversation B?
CARA: Good morning. I'm Cara Gutierrez. I'm a reporter. May I ask you some questions??
VINCE: OK. Where are you from?
CARA: I'm a reporter for the Voice of America. Who are you??
VINCE: I'm Vince Anzalone.?
CARA: Are you a student??
VINCE: Yes. I'm a student at the university.?
CARA: Are you a student at this university??
VINCE: Of course.?
CARA: Are all these people students??
VINCE: Yes. They are not all from this university.?
CARA: Where are they from??
VINCE: I don't know.?
CARA: What are you studying??
VINCE: I'm studying biology.?
CARA: What is this demonstration??
VINCE: It's about pollution.?
CARA: What do you mean??
VINCE: Pollution. You know-pollution.?
CARA: What kind of pollution??
VINCE: Environmental pollution. Pollution in the river.?
CARA: When is the demonstration??
VINCE: It's now. This is the demonstration.?
CARA: What are the students going to do??
VINCE: They're going to talk. They're going to sing. Some are going to speak. Some are going to read things. They're going to demonstrate.?
CARA: When is someone going to speak??
VINCE: Before lunch. Maybe after lunch, too.?
CARA: Are they going to the river??
VINCE: Yes. We're going to walk to the river. We're going to look at the pollution.
CARA: When are you going to the river??
VINCE: At twelve o'clock. We want everyone to see the river.?
Practice 2：依照會話B回答下列問題：?
1.Where and what is he studying??
2.Are all the students from the same university??
3.What is this demonstration??
4.When is the demonstration??
5.What are the students going to do ??
6.When are they going to speak and going to the river??
Practice 3： When 用來問時間時，其回答可以是大致時間，也可以是確切時間。
Examples:?
MARTIN: When is the demonstration??
NANCY: In the afternoon.?
JACKIE: No, it isn't. It's in the morning.?
CARA: When is the demonstration??
VINCE: It's now.?
CARA: When are you going to the river??
VINCE: At twelve o'clock.?
會話B?
卡 拉：早晨好。我叫卡拉·古蒂埃勒茲，我是記者。我可以問你幾個問題嗎?
文 斯：可以。你是哪兒的??
卡 拉：我是“美國之音”記者。你叫什么??
文 斯：我叫文斯·阿恩扎洛尼。?
卡 拉：你是學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：是，我是大學(xué)的學(xué)生。?
卡 拉：你是這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：當(dāng)然啦。?
卡 拉：這些人都是學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：是的。他們并不都來自這所大學(xué)。?
卡 拉：他們從哪兒來??
文 斯：我不知道。?
卡 拉：你學(xué)什么??
文 斯：我學(xué)生物學(xué)。?
卡 拉：這次*的內(nèi)容是什么??
文 斯：是有關(guān)污染的問題。?
卡 拉：你指什么??
文 斯：污染。你知道——污染。?
卡 拉：什么樣的污染??
文 斯：環(huán)境污染、河流污染。?
卡 拉：*在什么時候??
文 斯：現(xiàn)在，這就是在*。
卡 拉：學(xué)生們打算干什么呢??
文 斯：他們要談?wù)?，他們要唱歌。一些人要演說，一些人要朗讀。他們要*。
卡 拉：他們什么時候演說??
文 斯：午飯前，也許午飯后還有。?
卡 拉：他們?nèi)ズ舆厗??
文 斯：是的，我們打算步行去河邊，我們要去看看那兒的污染情況。?
卡 拉：你們什么時候去河邊??
文 斯：12點。我們都要看看那條河。?
Conversation C?
CARA: Hello, Martin.?
MARTIN: Hello, When is the demonstration? I've been talking to some students. They don't know.?
CARA: I talked to one student. The demonstration is now. This is the demonstration.?
Practice 4：依照會話C回答下列問題：?
1.Does Martin known the time for the demonstration??
2.When is the demonstration??
會話C?
卡 拉：你好，馬丁。?
馬 ?。耗愫?。*在什么時候?我一直在和一些學(xué)生交談，他們不知道。?
卡 拉：我和一個學(xué)生談過，*就在現(xiàn)在，這就是*。
?
Conversation D?
MARTIN: What are you doing??
PETE: I'm demonstrating.
MARTIN: What's that??
PETE: It's a story. It's a story about pollution. It's a story about the river.
The river was clean.?
MARTIN: When was the river clean??
PETE: Many years ago. Now the environment is polluted. Here, read the story.
MARTIN: The river is polluted.?
PETE: Of course. Our environment is polluted.?
MARTIN: What are you going to do??
PETE: We're going to clean it up.?
MARTIN: You're going to clean up the river??
PETE: We're going to clean up everything.?
MARTIN: When are you going to clean up the river??
PETE: This year.?
CARA: Hi, I'm Cara. Who are you??
HEATHER: I'm Heather.?
ALISHA: I'm Alisha. Are you a student??
CARA: No, I'm a reporter.?
HEATHER: Good. Where are you from?
CARA: Washington.?
HEATHER: What newspaper are you from??
CARA: I'm not from a newspaper. I'm from the Voice of America.?
ALISHA: What are you doing here??
CARA: I want to talk to students. I want to write a story about the demonstration. What are you doing here??
HEATHER: We're demonstrating! I don't like pollution!?
ALISHA: Look at the river. It's polluted. I want to clean up the river.?
CARA: What are you going to do??
ALISHA: We're going to work. We're going to talk.?
HEATHER: And write. And speak.?
MARTIN: Hello, Cara. This is Vince. He's going to show me the river. Can you come?
CARA: Yes. This is Heather. And this is Alisha.?
ALL: Hello. Hi. I'm happy to meet you.?
CARA: May I come with you??
VINCE: Of course. Do you want to come??
HEATHER: I can't. I'm going to meet someone.?
ALISHA: When are you going to meet them??
HEATHER: Before lunch.?
VINCE: Come with us. We're going to come back.?
HEATHER: When are you going to come back??
VINCE: In a few minutes.?
CARA: I want to see the river.?
ALISHA: We want to clean up the river.?
HEATHER: We want to clean up the city. We want to clean up everything.?
VINCE: We have to clean up the environment.?
Practice 5：用大致的時間來回答以 When 開頭的問句。?
Examples:
MARTIN: When was the river clean??
PETE: Many years ago.?
MARTIN: When are you going to clean up the river??
PETE: This year.?
ALISHA: When are you going to meet them??
HEATHER: Before lunch.?
會話D?
馬 ?。耗阍诟墒裁??
皮 特：我在*。?
馬 丁：那是什么??
皮 特：是一篇報導(dǎo)，是一篇有關(guān)污染的報導(dǎo)，是一篇有關(guān)河流的報導(dǎo)。
那條河從前是清澈見底的。?
馬 丁：那條河什么時候是清澈的??
皮 特：很多年以前，現(xiàn)在這兒的環(huán)境被污染了。這兒，讀讀這篇報導(dǎo)。?
馬 ?。哼@條河被污染了。?
皮 特：當(dāng)然。我們的環(huán)境被污染了。?
馬 丁：你們打算做什么??
皮 特：我們打算清理它??
馬 ?。耗銈兇蛩闱謇磉@條河嗎??
皮 特：我們要清理一切。?
馬 ?。耗銈兇蛩闶裁磿r候清理這條河??
皮 特：今年。?
卡 拉：嗨。我叫卡拉，你叫什么??
希 瑟：我叫希瑟。?
艾麗莎：我叫艾麗莎。你是學(xué)生嗎??
卡 拉：不，我是記者。?
希 瑟：好。你從哪兒來??
卡 拉：華盛頓。?
希 瑟：你是哪家報社的??
卡 拉：我不是報社的，我來自美國之音，我為電臺寫稿。?
艾麗莎：你在這兒干什么??
卡 拉：我想和學(xué)生談?wù)劊蚁雽懫嘘P(guān)*的稿子。你們在這兒干什么??
希 瑟：我們在*!我可不喜歡污染!?
艾麗莎：看看那條河，污染了。我要清理那條河。?
卡 拉：你們打算干什么??
艾麗莎：我們要行動起來，我們要談?wù)撈饋怼?
希 瑟：還要寫文章，還要發(fā)表演說。?
馬 ?。何?，卡拉。這是文斯。他要帶我去看那條河。?
卡 拉：噢。這是希瑟，還有這是艾麗莎。?
大 家：嗨，你們好。見到你們很高興。你是這兒的學(xué)生嗎??
卡 拉：我能跟你們走嗎??
文 斯：當(dāng)然。你想來嗎??
希 瑟：我不能。我要去見一個人。?
艾麗莎：你什么時候去見他們??
希 瑟：午飯前。?
文 斯：跟我們來吧，我們還回來。?
希 瑟：你們什么時候回來??
文 斯：幾分鐘后。?
希 瑟：我要看看那條河。?
艾麗莎：我們要清理那條河。?
希 瑟：我們要清理這個城市，我們要清理一切。?
文 斯：我們必須清理這兒的環(huán)境。
New Words and Expressions 生詞和短語?
education n. 教育?
elementary education 小學(xué)教育?
demonstrate v. *；*?
biology n. 生物學(xué)?
environment n. 環(huán)境?
pollute v. 污染?
Language Points 語言要點
?
1. I'm studying history. 我學(xué)歷史。在科學(xué)名詞前不加冠詞，例如：?
My major is biology (chemistry, maths). 我的專業(yè)是生物(化學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué))?
2.I've been talking to some students. 我一直在跟一些學(xué)生談話。?
have been doing(sth.) 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，常用于口語中強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性及某種感情色彩，例如：?
I've been waiting for you the whole morning. 我一早上都在等你。?
I've been looking for my pen everywhere. 我一直在到處找鋼筆。?
3. We're going to come back. 我們還回來。?
We want to clean up the river. 我們要凈化這條河。?
We have to clean up the environment. 我們必須凈化環(huán)境。?
be going to+動詞原形(短語)表示近期內(nèi)將要干或發(fā)生的事，例如：?
I am going to take a tour around the country this vacation.?
我打算這個假期周游全國。?
There are going to be four speeches on campus.?
校園里將有4個演講。?
want to+動詞原形(短語)表示主觀意愿，例如：?
I want to talk with you. 我想和你談?wù)劇?
I want to be a lawyer. 我想當(dāng)律師。?
have to+動詞原形(短語)表示主觀不得不、被迫要做某事，例如：?
I have to go, or I'll be late. 我得走了，不然就晚了。?
You have to finish your job within this week. 你必須在本周內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。?
Cultural Notes 文化注釋
美國是工業(yè)高度發(fā)達(dá)的國家，但工業(yè)的發(fā)展也造成了各種環(huán)境污染(environmental pollution)，例如：空氣污染(air pollution)，水質(zhì)污染(water pollution)，噪聲污染(noise pollution)等。美國人認(rèn)識到環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)重危害，因而也格外注意保護(hù)環(huán)境。
MARTIN: Hello. I'm Martin Learner. I'm a reporter. Who are you??
NANCY: I'm Nancy Kibelstis.
MARTIN: May I talk to you? I want to ask some questions.?
NANCY: Maybe.?
MARTIN: Are you a student??
NANCY: Yes.?
MARTIN: What are you studying??
NANCY: Elementary education.?
MARTIN: Are you going to be a teacher??
NANCY: Of course.?
JACKIE: Good morning. I'm Jackie.?
MARTIN: What are you doing here, Jackie?
JACKIE: I'm a student. I'm studying history.?
MARTIN: What are you doing here today??
JACKIE: Oh, We're demonstrating.?
MARTIN: When is the demonstration?
JACKIE: In the afternoon.?
NANCY: No, it isn't. It's this morning.
MARTIN: Let's ask those students.?
Practice 1：依照會話A回答下列問題：?
1.What does Nancy do??
2.What is she studying at the university??
3.Why are they both on campus??
4.When is the demonstration??
會話A : 在大學(xué)校園里?
馬 ?。耗愫?。我叫馬丁·勒納，我是記者。你叫什么??
南 希：我叫南希·基貝爾斯蒂斯。?
馬 ?。何铱梢院湍阏?wù)剢?我想問幾個問題。?
南 希：也許可以(回答出你的問題)。?
馬 ?。耗闶菍W(xué)生嗎??
南 希：是的。?
馬 ?。耗銓W(xué)什么??
南 希：基礎(chǔ)教育。?
馬 丁：你打算當(dāng)教師嗎??
南 希：當(dāng)然。?
杰 姬：早晨好。我叫杰姬。?
馬 ?。耗阍谶@兒干什么，杰姬??
杰 姬：我是學(xué)生，我是學(xué)歷史的。?
馬 丁：你今天在這兒干什么??杰 姬：哦，我們在*。
馬 丁：*是在什么時候??
杰 姬：在下午。?
南 希：不，不是。*是在今天上午。?
馬 丁：咱們?nèi)枂柲切W(xué)生。?
Conversation B?
CARA: Good morning. I'm Cara Gutierrez. I'm a reporter. May I ask you some questions??
VINCE: OK. Where are you from?
CARA: I'm a reporter for the Voice of America. Who are you??
VINCE: I'm Vince Anzalone.?
CARA: Are you a student??
VINCE: Yes. I'm a student at the university.?
CARA: Are you a student at this university??
VINCE: Of course.?
CARA: Are all these people students??
VINCE: Yes. They are not all from this university.?
CARA: Where are they from??
VINCE: I don't know.?
CARA: What are you studying??
VINCE: I'm studying biology.?
CARA: What is this demonstration??
VINCE: It's about pollution.?
CARA: What do you mean??
VINCE: Pollution. You know-pollution.?
CARA: What kind of pollution??
VINCE: Environmental pollution. Pollution in the river.?
CARA: When is the demonstration??
VINCE: It's now. This is the demonstration.?
CARA: What are the students going to do??
VINCE: They're going to talk. They're going to sing. Some are going to speak. Some are going to read things. They're going to demonstrate.?
CARA: When is someone going to speak??
VINCE: Before lunch. Maybe after lunch, too.?
CARA: Are they going to the river??
VINCE: Yes. We're going to walk to the river. We're going to look at the pollution.
CARA: When are you going to the river??
VINCE: At twelve o'clock. We want everyone to see the river.?
Practice 2：依照會話B回答下列問題：?
1.Where and what is he studying??
2.Are all the students from the same university??
3.What is this demonstration??
4.When is the demonstration??
5.What are the students going to do ??
6.When are they going to speak and going to the river??
Practice 3： When 用來問時間時，其回答可以是大致時間，也可以是確切時間。
Examples:?
MARTIN: When is the demonstration??
NANCY: In the afternoon.?
JACKIE: No, it isn't. It's in the morning.?
CARA: When is the demonstration??
VINCE: It's now.?
CARA: When are you going to the river??
VINCE: At twelve o'clock.?
會話B?
卡 拉：早晨好。我叫卡拉·古蒂埃勒茲，我是記者。我可以問你幾個問題嗎?
文 斯：可以。你是哪兒的??
卡 拉：我是“美國之音”記者。你叫什么??
文 斯：我叫文斯·阿恩扎洛尼。?
卡 拉：你是學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：是，我是大學(xué)的學(xué)生。?
卡 拉：你是這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：當(dāng)然啦。?
卡 拉：這些人都是學(xué)生嗎??
文 斯：是的。他們并不都來自這所大學(xué)。?
卡 拉：他們從哪兒來??
文 斯：我不知道。?
卡 拉：你學(xué)什么??
文 斯：我學(xué)生物學(xué)。?
卡 拉：這次*的內(nèi)容是什么??
文 斯：是有關(guān)污染的問題。?
卡 拉：你指什么??
文 斯：污染。你知道——污染。?
卡 拉：什么樣的污染??
文 斯：環(huán)境污染、河流污染。?
卡 拉：*在什么時候??
文 斯：現(xiàn)在，這就是在*。
卡 拉：學(xué)生們打算干什么呢??
文 斯：他們要談?wù)?，他們要唱歌。一些人要演說，一些人要朗讀。他們要*。
卡 拉：他們什么時候演說??
文 斯：午飯前，也許午飯后還有。?
卡 拉：他們?nèi)ズ舆厗??
文 斯：是的，我們打算步行去河邊，我們要去看看那兒的污染情況。?
卡 拉：你們什么時候去河邊??
文 斯：12點。我們都要看看那條河。?
Conversation C?
CARA: Hello, Martin.?
MARTIN: Hello, When is the demonstration? I've been talking to some students. They don't know.?
CARA: I talked to one student. The demonstration is now. This is the demonstration.?
Practice 4：依照會話C回答下列問題：?
1.Does Martin known the time for the demonstration??
2.When is the demonstration??
會話C?
卡 拉：你好，馬丁。?
馬 ?。耗愫?。*在什么時候?我一直在和一些學(xué)生交談，他們不知道。?
卡 拉：我和一個學(xué)生談過，*就在現(xiàn)在，這就是*。
?
Conversation D?
MARTIN: What are you doing??
PETE: I'm demonstrating.
MARTIN: What's that??
PETE: It's a story. It's a story about pollution. It's a story about the river.
The river was clean.?
MARTIN: When was the river clean??
PETE: Many years ago. Now the environment is polluted. Here, read the story.
MARTIN: The river is polluted.?
PETE: Of course. Our environment is polluted.?
MARTIN: What are you going to do??
PETE: We're going to clean it up.?
MARTIN: You're going to clean up the river??
PETE: We're going to clean up everything.?
MARTIN: When are you going to clean up the river??
PETE: This year.?
CARA: Hi, I'm Cara. Who are you??
HEATHER: I'm Heather.?
ALISHA: I'm Alisha. Are you a student??
CARA: No, I'm a reporter.?
HEATHER: Good. Where are you from?
CARA: Washington.?
HEATHER: What newspaper are you from??
CARA: I'm not from a newspaper. I'm from the Voice of America.?
ALISHA: What are you doing here??
CARA: I want to talk to students. I want to write a story about the demonstration. What are you doing here??
HEATHER: We're demonstrating! I don't like pollution!?
ALISHA: Look at the river. It's polluted. I want to clean up the river.?
CARA: What are you going to do??
ALISHA: We're going to work. We're going to talk.?
HEATHER: And write. And speak.?
MARTIN: Hello, Cara. This is Vince. He's going to show me the river. Can you come?
CARA: Yes. This is Heather. And this is Alisha.?
ALL: Hello. Hi. I'm happy to meet you.?
CARA: May I come with you??
VINCE: Of course. Do you want to come??
HEATHER: I can't. I'm going to meet someone.?
ALISHA: When are you going to meet them??
HEATHER: Before lunch.?
VINCE: Come with us. We're going to come back.?
HEATHER: When are you going to come back??
VINCE: In a few minutes.?
CARA: I want to see the river.?
ALISHA: We want to clean up the river.?
HEATHER: We want to clean up the city. We want to clean up everything.?
VINCE: We have to clean up the environment.?
Practice 5：用大致的時間來回答以 When 開頭的問句。?
Examples:
MARTIN: When was the river clean??
PETE: Many years ago.?
MARTIN: When are you going to clean up the river??
PETE: This year.?
ALISHA: When are you going to meet them??
HEATHER: Before lunch.?
會話D?
馬 ?。耗阍诟墒裁??
皮 特：我在*。?
馬 丁：那是什么??
皮 特：是一篇報導(dǎo)，是一篇有關(guān)污染的報導(dǎo)，是一篇有關(guān)河流的報導(dǎo)。
那條河從前是清澈見底的。?
馬 丁：那條河什么時候是清澈的??
皮 特：很多年以前，現(xiàn)在這兒的環(huán)境被污染了。這兒，讀讀這篇報導(dǎo)。?
馬 ?。哼@條河被污染了。?
皮 特：當(dāng)然。我們的環(huán)境被污染了。?
馬 丁：你們打算做什么??
皮 特：我們打算清理它??
馬 ?。耗銈兇蛩闱謇磉@條河嗎??
皮 特：我們要清理一切。?
馬 ?。耗銈兇蛩闶裁磿r候清理這條河??
皮 特：今年。?
卡 拉：嗨。我叫卡拉，你叫什么??
希 瑟：我叫希瑟。?
艾麗莎：我叫艾麗莎。你是學(xué)生嗎??
卡 拉：不，我是記者。?
希 瑟：好。你從哪兒來??
卡 拉：華盛頓。?
希 瑟：你是哪家報社的??
卡 拉：我不是報社的，我來自美國之音，我為電臺寫稿。?
艾麗莎：你在這兒干什么??
卡 拉：我想和學(xué)生談?wù)劊蚁雽懫嘘P(guān)*的稿子。你們在這兒干什么??
希 瑟：我們在*!我可不喜歡污染!?
艾麗莎：看看那條河，污染了。我要清理那條河。?
卡 拉：你們打算干什么??
艾麗莎：我們要行動起來，我們要談?wù)撈饋怼?
希 瑟：還要寫文章，還要發(fā)表演說。?
馬 ?。何?，卡拉。這是文斯。他要帶我去看那條河。?
卡 拉：噢。這是希瑟，還有這是艾麗莎。?
大 家：嗨，你們好。見到你們很高興。你是這兒的學(xué)生嗎??
卡 拉：我能跟你們走嗎??
文 斯：當(dāng)然。你想來嗎??
希 瑟：我不能。我要去見一個人。?
艾麗莎：你什么時候去見他們??
希 瑟：午飯前。?
文 斯：跟我們來吧，我們還回來。?
希 瑟：你們什么時候回來??
文 斯：幾分鐘后。?
希 瑟：我要看看那條河。?
艾麗莎：我們要清理那條河。?
希 瑟：我們要清理這個城市，我們要清理一切。?
文 斯：我們必須清理這兒的環(huán)境。
New Words and Expressions 生詞和短語?
education n. 教育?
elementary education 小學(xué)教育?
demonstrate v. *；*?
biology n. 生物學(xué)?
environment n. 環(huán)境?
pollute v. 污染?
Language Points 語言要點
?
1. I'm studying history. 我學(xué)歷史。在科學(xué)名詞前不加冠詞，例如：?
My major is biology (chemistry, maths). 我的專業(yè)是生物(化學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué))?
2.I've been talking to some students. 我一直在跟一些學(xué)生談話。?
have been doing(sth.) 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，常用于口語中強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性及某種感情色彩，例如：?
I've been waiting for you the whole morning. 我一早上都在等你。?
I've been looking for my pen everywhere. 我一直在到處找鋼筆。?
3. We're going to come back. 我們還回來。?
We want to clean up the river. 我們要凈化這條河。?
We have to clean up the environment. 我們必須凈化環(huán)境。?
be going to+動詞原形(短語)表示近期內(nèi)將要干或發(fā)生的事，例如：?
I am going to take a tour around the country this vacation.?
我打算這個假期周游全國。?
There are going to be four speeches on campus.?
校園里將有4個演講。?
want to+動詞原形(短語)表示主觀意愿，例如：?
I want to talk with you. 我想和你談?wù)劇?
I want to be a lawyer. 我想當(dāng)律師。?
have to+動詞原形(短語)表示主觀不得不、被迫要做某事，例如：?
I have to go, or I'll be late. 我得走了，不然就晚了。?
You have to finish your job within this week. 你必須在本周內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。?
Cultural Notes 文化注釋
美國是工業(yè)高度發(fā)達(dá)的國家，但工業(yè)的發(fā)展也造成了各種環(huán)境污染(environmental pollution)，例如：空氣污染(air pollution)，水質(zhì)污染(water pollution)，噪聲污染(noise pollution)等。美國人認(rèn)識到環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)重危害，因而也格外注意保護(hù)環(huán)境。