介詞是一種結(jié)構(gòu)詞,不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分。介詞的作用是表示它后面的賓語(yǔ)同句中其它詞語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。介詞與它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)可以充當(dāng)多種句子成分。如:
The cost of food is rising. (定語(yǔ))
She was ill during the meeting. (狀語(yǔ))
I found him in very good shape. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
通常介詞可分為四類:
簡(jiǎn)單介詞:at, in, from, on;
復(fù)合介詞:upon, inside, outside;
雙重介詞:from behind, from among;
短語(yǔ)介詞:in case of, according to.
介詞的意義
1.表示時(shí)間的介詞
in表示“在某一時(shí)間段”,或“在……某一時(shí)候”,如用在月、季、年份、時(shí)代、世紀(jì)等時(shí)間名詞的前面,或用來(lái)泛指一天的某一段時(shí)間。
in July / summer / 2000 / ancient times / the 1999‘s
in the morning / afternoon / evening
in也可以指“在……之后”,表示從說(shuō)話起的若干時(shí)間內(nèi),如:
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于帶有修飾語(yǔ)的一天的某個(gè)時(shí)間段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
at表示“在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,或用來(lái)表示不確定的時(shí)間和短期的假日、時(shí)節(jié)等。如:
at six o‘clock, at Easter
介詞over, through(out)兩者均指“經(jīng)過(guò)的全部時(shí)間”。
Stay over the Christmas.
介詞for, since for表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的全部時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度,為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”之意;since
用于指從過(guò)去特定的某個(gè)時(shí)刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間;兩者往往用于完成時(shí)。
I have been there for six years.
We have not seen each other since 1993.
during指“在……時(shí)期/時(shí)間內(nèi)”,必須以表示一段時(shí)間的詞或詞組作賓語(yǔ)。
She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.
2.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞
介詞above, over, on, on top of.Above和below分別表示高于和低于的意思,不一定指
垂直方向上的上下;over和under分別表示垂直方向上的上下和高低;on/on top of和
beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接觸”意義上的上下。以上三對(duì)介詞互為反義詞。
The temple stands on top of the hill.
The pen is beneath the book.
There is a lamp over the desk.
介詞at指小地點(diǎn)或集會(huì)場(chǎng)合;on表示線或面上的位置;in表示在立體、區(qū)域或環(huán)境內(nèi),
特別是那些較大,能夠容納相應(yīng)事物的環(huán)境。
He works at Peking University.
Your radio is on the desk.
The boat is in the lake.
介詞in, on, off, to表示相當(dāng)于某個(gè)區(qū)域或某個(gè)物體的位置關(guān)系:in表示在區(qū)域的里面;on表示在區(qū)域的邊界附近,可以是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分或相互接壤;off也表示在區(qū)域的
邊界附近,但一般不是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分;to表示在區(qū)域的邊界更遠(yuǎn)些的附近,所以不是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分或不相互接壤。
Japan is to the east of China and Mongolia is on the north.
Taiwan is in the east of China but is off the mainland.
介詞between用來(lái)說(shuō)明“在……兩者之間”或“三個(gè)以上人物或事物中的兩者之間的相互關(guān)系”;among用來(lái)說(shuō)明“在……兩者以上之間”的相互關(guān)系;amid(amidst)和among都可
以用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有確定數(shù)目的物體之間的相互關(guān)系,amid多用于正式文體。
There is a small river between the two villages.
The book is the best among these modern novels.
介詞about, (all) over, (all) through, throughout都可以表示“在……范圍內(nèi)到處”,“遍布”
的意義。
After meal I wandered alone about the town.
The cost of food is rising. (定語(yǔ))
She was ill during the meeting. (狀語(yǔ))
I found him in very good shape. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
通常介詞可分為四類:
簡(jiǎn)單介詞:at, in, from, on;
復(fù)合介詞:upon, inside, outside;
雙重介詞:from behind, from among;
短語(yǔ)介詞:in case of, according to.
介詞的意義
1.表示時(shí)間的介詞
in表示“在某一時(shí)間段”,或“在……某一時(shí)候”,如用在月、季、年份、時(shí)代、世紀(jì)等時(shí)間名詞的前面,或用來(lái)泛指一天的某一段時(shí)間。
in July / summer / 2000 / ancient times / the 1999‘s
in the morning / afternoon / evening
in也可以指“在……之后”,表示從說(shuō)話起的若干時(shí)間內(nèi),如:
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于帶有修飾語(yǔ)的一天的某個(gè)時(shí)間段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
at表示“在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,或用來(lái)表示不確定的時(shí)間和短期的假日、時(shí)節(jié)等。如:
at six o‘clock, at Easter
介詞over, through(out)兩者均指“經(jīng)過(guò)的全部時(shí)間”。
Stay over the Christmas.
介詞for, since for表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的全部時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度,為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”之意;since
用于指從過(guò)去特定的某個(gè)時(shí)刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間;兩者往往用于完成時(shí)。
I have been there for six years.
We have not seen each other since 1993.
during指“在……時(shí)期/時(shí)間內(nèi)”,必須以表示一段時(shí)間的詞或詞組作賓語(yǔ)。
She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.
2.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞
介詞above, over, on, on top of.Above和below分別表示高于和低于的意思,不一定指
垂直方向上的上下;over和under分別表示垂直方向上的上下和高低;on/on top of和
beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接觸”意義上的上下。以上三對(duì)介詞互為反義詞。
The temple stands on top of the hill.
The pen is beneath the book.
There is a lamp over the desk.
介詞at指小地點(diǎn)或集會(huì)場(chǎng)合;on表示線或面上的位置;in表示在立體、區(qū)域或環(huán)境內(nèi),
特別是那些較大,能夠容納相應(yīng)事物的環(huán)境。
He works at Peking University.
Your radio is on the desk.
The boat is in the lake.
介詞in, on, off, to表示相當(dāng)于某個(gè)區(qū)域或某個(gè)物體的位置關(guān)系:in表示在區(qū)域的里面;on表示在區(qū)域的邊界附近,可以是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分或相互接壤;off也表示在區(qū)域的
邊界附近,但一般不是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分;to表示在區(qū)域的邊界更遠(yuǎn)些的附近,所以不是屬于這個(gè)區(qū)域的一部分或不相互接壤。
Japan is to the east of China and Mongolia is on the north.
Taiwan is in the east of China but is off the mainland.
介詞between用來(lái)說(shuō)明“在……兩者之間”或“三個(gè)以上人物或事物中的兩者之間的相互關(guān)系”;among用來(lái)說(shuō)明“在……兩者以上之間”的相互關(guān)系;amid(amidst)和among都可
以用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有確定數(shù)目的物體之間的相互關(guān)系,amid多用于正式文體。
There is a small river between the two villages.
The book is the best among these modern novels.
介詞about, (all) over, (all) through, throughout都可以表示“在……范圍內(nèi)到處”,“遍布”
的意義。
After meal I wandered alone about the town.