六級漢譯英講義
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達）
語法正確（避免時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯誤）
內(nèi)容忠實（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準確而完整地表達出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達習(xí)慣，且用詞準確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯誤，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，及時改正。
二、漢譯英專項練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
They _______________(計劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時態(tài)
Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動語態(tài)
The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機所取代).
The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細胞工作的方式).
When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
_______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動詞
The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).
It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
_______________(其實我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
I wish _______________(我年輕的時候有你們這樣的機會).
If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
?? Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
?? I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會上發(fā)表演說似的).
We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進醫(yī)院).
It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動商店).
His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).
We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
It is ridiculous that _______________(我們在一個總是下雨的國家還缺水).
It is essential that _______________(每個人都為緊急情況做好準備).
_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會濕的).
_______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now
If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
But for his help, _______________(我們就不會以這么低的價格租到房子了).
I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會花更長的時間才能算出這道題).
Were I in your place, _______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).
Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項法案早就通過了).
Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).
He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
It was a great achievement _______________(10個月建成一棟24層的樓).
It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).
It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會主席).
We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實踐).
The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計劃).
The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
He was surprised _______________(在這個山村遇見一個中學(xué)同學(xué)).
I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時間).
I happened _______________(在他沖進來的時候站在門口).
She doesn’t like _______________(被當作客人).
If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
We were made _______________(進屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
七、分詞
This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).
The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).
The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運轉(zhuǎn)原理).
_______________(看到大家都在聚精會神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.
_______________(被這個男孩的事跡深深打動了), they decided to pay for his education.
_______________(從一個年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
_______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.
八、動名詞
_______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進入國際市場).
It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
九、非謂語動詞用法區(qū)別
Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).
I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).
I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個小時).
He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
_______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
_______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個保鏢), came to meet his fans.
十、名詞從句
_______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
_______________(讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
_______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負責).
It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).
Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
It is not yet known _______________(機器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
_______________(她是否喜歡那個禮物) is not clear to me.
My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請求另一筆貸款).
It all depends on _______________(他們是否會支持我們).
You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).
Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會同意他的提議).
十一、定語從句
Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達的那天).
This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
Let ABC be _______________(一個三邊不等長的三角形).
Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).
_______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.
十二、狀語從句
_______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
_______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
_______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個周才解決).
You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點以前回來).
I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
十三、比較級高級
Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
This is _______________(他畫的好的畫之一).
The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
十四、倒裝句
Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).
Only then _______________(那個醫(yī)生才意識到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).
十五、強調(diào)句
_______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.
_______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
_______________(正是因為水漲了)we could not cross the river.
_______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
_______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達）
語法正確（避免時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯誤）
內(nèi)容忠實（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準確而完整地表達出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達習(xí)慣，且用詞準確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯誤，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，及時改正。
二、漢譯英專項練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
They _______________(計劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時態(tài)
Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動語態(tài)
The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機所取代).
The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細胞工作的方式).
When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
_______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動詞
The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).
It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
_______________(其實我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
I wish _______________(我年輕的時候有你們這樣的機會).
If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
?? Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
?? I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會上發(fā)表演說似的).
We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進醫(yī)院).
It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動商店).
His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).
We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
It is ridiculous that _______________(我們在一個總是下雨的國家還缺水).
It is essential that _______________(每個人都為緊急情況做好準備).
_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會濕的).
_______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now
If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
But for his help, _______________(我們就不會以這么低的價格租到房子了).
I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會花更長的時間才能算出這道題).
Were I in your place, _______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).
Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項法案早就通過了).
Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).
He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
It was a great achievement _______________(10個月建成一棟24層的樓).
It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).
It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會主席).
We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實踐).
The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計劃).
The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
He was surprised _______________(在這個山村遇見一個中學(xué)同學(xué)).
I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時間).
I happened _______________(在他沖進來的時候站在門口).
She doesn’t like _______________(被當作客人).
If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
We were made _______________(進屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
七、分詞
This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).
The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).
The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運轉(zhuǎn)原理).
_______________(看到大家都在聚精會神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.
_______________(被這個男孩的事跡深深打動了), they decided to pay for his education.
_______________(從一個年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
_______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.
八、動名詞
_______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進入國際市場).
It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
九、非謂語動詞用法區(qū)別
Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).
I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).
I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個小時).
He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
_______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
_______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個保鏢), came to meet his fans.
十、名詞從句
_______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
_______________(讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
_______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負責).
It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).
Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
It is not yet known _______________(機器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
_______________(她是否喜歡那個禮物) is not clear to me.
My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請求另一筆貸款).
It all depends on _______________(他們是否會支持我們).
You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).
Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會同意他的提議).
十一、定語從句
Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達的那天).
This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
Let ABC be _______________(一個三邊不等長的三角形).
Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).
_______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.
十二、狀語從句
_______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
_______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
_______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個周才解決).
You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點以前回來).
I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
十三、比較級高級
Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
This is _______________(他畫的好的畫之一).
The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
十四、倒裝句
Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).
Only then _______________(那個醫(yī)生才意識到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).
十五、強調(diào)句
_______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.
_______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
_______________(正是因為水漲了)we could not cross the river.
_______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
_______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.