英語精解【11】麥加朝圣

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Gathering of the Faithful
    Feb. 11 - At sundown on Monday, they began their descent from the rocky slopes of Mount Arafat in the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia - a vast sea of humanity in pristine white robes collectively cleansed of its sins after completing a central ritual of the annual hajj pilgrimage.
    It's just one in a detailed list of prescribed rituals that make up the hajj, an awesome display of faith that sees millions of Muslims of different racial, linguistic and cultural backgrounds from more than 70 countries gather together in an essentially egalitarian community, where all Muslims are brothers and sisters.
    For the Saudi authorities, guardians of Islam's holiest sites, the hajj is at once a gala public relations event and a massive logistical headache.
    In a conservative country, where at normal times a potential influx of outsiders is kept firmly in check by a strict entry visa policy, the hajj sees an estimated 1.3 million non-Saudi citizens make their way into the oil-rich kingdom.
    A little over a year after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, with the threat of a widely unpopular attack on Iraq looming, the fear this year is that a mammoth gathering of Muslims could serve as a recruiting ground for al Qaeda sympathizers. In a world where the U.S.-led war on terror has dominated the global agenda, security has been a major concern during the hajj.
    「參考譯文」
    信徒的聚會
    2月11日-在星期一日落時(shí)分的沙特阿拉伯圣城麥加,他們開始沿著阿拉法特山布滿巖石的山坡徐徐而下。這潮水般身著潔白長袍的人群,在進(jìn)行完一年一度麥加朝圣活動(dòng)的核心儀式后,已經(jīng)集體滌除了他們的罪過。
    這只是組成麥加朝圣眾多規(guī)定儀式之一。在令人敬畏的表達(dá)信仰的麥加朝圣活動(dòng)中,來自70多個(gè)國家的數(shù)百萬不同種族,不同語言和不同文化的穆斯林信徒平等的聚集在一起,彼此猶如兄弟姊妹。
    對于守護(hù)伊斯蘭世界圣地的沙特官方來說,朝圣活動(dòng)不啻一次盛大的公關(guān)活動(dòng),同時(shí)給他們帶來無盡的后勤保障問題。
    這樣一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)、保守、盛產(chǎn)石油的王國,在平日里采取嚴(yán)格的簽證制度以限制大批外國人涌入進(jìn)行宗教朝拜,而在麥加朝圣期間則不得不接待約1,300,000入境的非本國公民。
    此時(shí)正值2001年9月11日恐怖襲擊一周年多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,以及廣受反對的對伊動(dòng)武日益臨近,因此今年人們擔(dān)心這次盛大的穆斯林教眾聚會可能被用作招募“阿爾-伊達(dá)”基地組織同情者的集會。如今,隨著美國所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反恐戰(zhàn)爭已成為全世界的中心議題,安全問題是今年朝圣集會關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。
    「精解」
    題目中的 the faithful, 意即“(宗教)信徒,教徒”,注意兩個(gè)字要連用。如果單用faithful, 則表示“忠實(shí)信徒,追隨者”,如: old party faithfuls, 忠實(shí)的老黨員。
    第一節(jié)中,…began their descent from… 中的descent, 是descend (下來,下降)的名詞形式。此外,這個(gè)詞還可以指“出身,血統(tǒng)”,如: a person of African descent 一個(gè)非洲血統(tǒng)的人;以及“襲擊”,或“突然訪問”,如:a sudden descent by tax officials 稅務(wù)官員的突然造訪。 下面 a vast sea of humanity 中humanity, 是人類的總稱。 Pristine, “干凈的,清潔的”。最后的the annual hajj pilgrimage, hajj, 是由阿拉伯語而來,意思是“到麥加朝圣”。而到麥加朝圣的信徒就叫做hajji. Pilgrimage, 作為名詞是“朝圣,朝覲,到圣地或神殿去的旅行”,作為動(dòng)詞就是“去朝圣,去追尋”。而pilgrim就是“朝圣者,朝覲者”的意思。
    第二節(jié)中,prescribed rituals 中的prescribe, “規(guī)定,指定”。如: The law prescribes that all children must go to school. 法律規(guī)定所有兒童必須接受教育。 an essentially egalitarian community中,egalitarian “平等主義的”.
    第三節(jié),a massive logistical headache, logistical, “后勤的”,headache,“引起麻煩或煩惱的事情”,可以理解為worry, vexation, pest, trouble等。
    第四節(jié)中,請注意the hajj sees an estimated… 英語中常用這種無生命的地點(diǎn)或時(shí)期做主語,表示在某地方或某一時(shí)期發(fā)生,或經(jīng)歷了某事件。又如: Her long reign saw the heyday of verbal humor.她長時(shí)間統(tǒng)治期間為口語幽默的全盛期。 The fifth century saw the end of the Roman Empire in the West. 五世紀(jì)時(shí)羅馬帝國在西方崩潰了。
    最后再說說最末一節(jié)的loom, 這個(gè)詞用來形容某個(gè)事物陰森地、有威脅性地逼近,或隱約出現(xiàn),如: The threat of war loomed over the country. 戰(zhàn)爭的陰影在向這個(gè)國家逼近。