英語國家概況精講系列（二十三）
2. Administration in Great Britain is handled by separate executive agencies of the Department of Social Security. In Northern Ireland by the Social Security Agency.
大不列顛的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)由社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)部獨(dú)立執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)管理，在北愛爾蘭則是社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)局。
3. contributory social security benefits， it include：（ 1） retirement pension； （2） unemployment pension； （3） sickness and invalidity benefit and （4） Maternity allowance and widows‘s benefits.
需要先交費(fèi)的社會(huì)安全福利（個(gè)人有工作收入時(shí)交，無收入時(shí)領(lǐng)），其中包括：退休金，失業(yè)金，病殘福利金，孕產(chǎn)期補(bǔ)助金，寡婦補(bǔ)助金。
4. non-contributory social security benefits， it include： （1） war pensions；（2） industrial injuries disablement benefit；（3） child benefit and （4） family credit.
不需要先交費(fèi)的福利金，包括戰(zhàn)爭傷亡撫恤金，工傷致殘救濟(jì)金，兒童補(bǔ)助金，低收入家庭補(bǔ)助金。
III. Religion宗教
1. Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom with out interference from the community or the State. He may change his religion at will may manifest his faith in teaching， worship and observance. Except that the Lord Chancellor may be a Roman Catholic， public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or none.
在英國，人人都有信仰宗教的權(quán)利，社會(huì)和政府不得干涉。他可以隨意改變宗教信仰，可以在教職，禮拜或儀式中表明他的信仰。除了娃哈哈官不可以是羅馬天主教徒外，公共職務(wù)對(duì)各種信仰或沒有信仰的人一律公開。
2. Established churches
國教
There are two established church in Britain： in England the church of England and Scotland the Church of England.
英國有兩大國教，在英格蘭是英格蘭國教，蘇格蘭是蘇格蘭教會(huì)（長老教）。
3. Church of England is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and as “Defender of the Faith”。 The Church is also linked with the State through the House of loads. The church of England is not free to change its form of worship， as laid down in the Book of Common Prayer without the consent of Parliament.
英格蘭國教與君主有獨(dú)特的聯(lián)系。因?yàn)榫髯鳛椤皣痰暮葱l(wèi)者”必須是此教會(huì)的一員，他在登基時(shí)必須承諾維持國教。國教還通過上議院與政府聯(lián)系。沒有議會(huì)同意，英格蘭教會(huì)不可隨意改變“國教祈禱書”中規(guī)定的禮拜儀式。
4. The government of the Church of Scotland is Presbyterian， that is， government by ministers and elders， all of whom are ordained to office. The Monarch is normally represented at the general assembly by the Lord High Commissioner.
英格蘭教的管理時(shí)長老制，也就是由教士和長老治理。他們被授予圣職，王室高級(jí)代表通常代表君主光臨會(huì)議。
5. Unestablished churches
非國教教會(huì)
There are include： the Anglican Churches（圣公會(huì)），the Free Churches（自由教），the Roman Catholic Church（羅馬天主教）。
IV. Festival and Public Holidays
節(jié)假日
The Christian festival of the year and Christmas， Easter， and Whit Sunday.
其主要的節(jié)日有圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)，圣靈降臨節(jié)
2. Administration in Great Britain is handled by separate executive agencies of the Department of Social Security. In Northern Ireland by the Social Security Agency.
大不列顛的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)由社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)部獨(dú)立執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)管理，在北愛爾蘭則是社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)局。
3. contributory social security benefits， it include：（ 1） retirement pension； （2） unemployment pension； （3） sickness and invalidity benefit and （4） Maternity allowance and widows‘s benefits.
需要先交費(fèi)的社會(huì)安全福利（個(gè)人有工作收入時(shí)交，無收入時(shí)領(lǐng)），其中包括：退休金，失業(yè)金，病殘福利金，孕產(chǎn)期補(bǔ)助金，寡婦補(bǔ)助金。
4. non-contributory social security benefits， it include： （1） war pensions；（2） industrial injuries disablement benefit；（3） child benefit and （4） family credit.
不需要先交費(fèi)的福利金，包括戰(zhàn)爭傷亡撫恤金，工傷致殘救濟(jì)金，兒童補(bǔ)助金，低收入家庭補(bǔ)助金。
III. Religion宗教
1. Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom with out interference from the community or the State. He may change his religion at will may manifest his faith in teaching， worship and observance. Except that the Lord Chancellor may be a Roman Catholic， public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or none.
在英國，人人都有信仰宗教的權(quán)利，社會(huì)和政府不得干涉。他可以隨意改變宗教信仰，可以在教職，禮拜或儀式中表明他的信仰。除了娃哈哈官不可以是羅馬天主教徒外，公共職務(wù)對(duì)各種信仰或沒有信仰的人一律公開。
2. Established churches
國教
There are two established church in Britain： in England the church of England and Scotland the Church of England.
英國有兩大國教，在英格蘭是英格蘭國教，蘇格蘭是蘇格蘭教會(huì)（長老教）。
3. Church of England is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and as “Defender of the Faith”。 The Church is also linked with the State through the House of loads. The church of England is not free to change its form of worship， as laid down in the Book of Common Prayer without the consent of Parliament.
英格蘭國教與君主有獨(dú)特的聯(lián)系。因?yàn)榫髯鳛椤皣痰暮葱l(wèi)者”必須是此教會(huì)的一員，他在登基時(shí)必須承諾維持國教。國教還通過上議院與政府聯(lián)系。沒有議會(huì)同意，英格蘭教會(huì)不可隨意改變“國教祈禱書”中規(guī)定的禮拜儀式。
4. The government of the Church of Scotland is Presbyterian， that is， government by ministers and elders， all of whom are ordained to office. The Monarch is normally represented at the general assembly by the Lord High Commissioner.
英格蘭教的管理時(shí)長老制，也就是由教士和長老治理。他們被授予圣職，王室高級(jí)代表通常代表君主光臨會(huì)議。
5. Unestablished churches
非國教教會(huì)
There are include： the Anglican Churches（圣公會(huì)），the Free Churches（自由教），the Roman Catholic Church（羅馬天主教）。
IV. Festival and Public Holidays
節(jié)假日
The Christian festival of the year and Christmas， Easter， and Whit Sunday.
其主要的節(jié)日有圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)，圣靈降臨節(jié)