英語國家概況精講系列（十六）
Reasons for the British coal mining is called a “sick” industry today.
英國煤礦被稱為“生病”工業(yè)的原因。
Today the coal industry in Britain is on the decline，the number of miners， collieries and the total output have been falling.
如今的英國煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導(dǎo)致礦工、煤礦的數(shù)量和總產(chǎn)量都大大下降。
The reasons for the decline are as follows： exhaustion of old mines， costly operations of extraction， poor old equipment， little investment， fall in demand due to imports of cleaner， cheaper and more efficient fuels， etc.
煤工業(yè)衰退的原因包括：老煤礦的枯竭，昂貴的提煉費(fèi)用，破舊的設(shè)備，極少的投資，由于進(jìn)口更干凈、更便宜、更高效的燃料導(dǎo)致的需求下降等等。
Britain‘s oil and natural gas
英國的石油和天然氣
Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export. The transport and domestic heating systems mostly depend on oil. So does the food supply， because most agriculture is highly mechanized. Modern farming requires things which are all oil-based.
在1965年及1970年在北海發(fā)現(xiàn)天然氣和石油。今天英國的石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余供出口。交通和家庭供熱系統(tǒng)主要依靠石油，因?yàn)榇蟛糠洲r(nóng)業(yè)的高度機(jī)械化，食品供應(yīng)也靠石油。
Main problems associated with Britain‘s iron and steel industry today.
如今英國鋼鐵工業(yè)的主要問題。
British iron and steel industry is declining for the following reasons：
英國鋼鐵工業(yè)衰退的原因如下：
1. Local supplies of iron ore have become exhausted；
當(dāng)?shù)刭A備枯竭；
2. Old fashioned furnaces for making coke cannot recover valuable by-products；
他們生產(chǎn)焦炭的老式爐不能提取有價(jià)值的副產(chǎn)品，
3. Blast furnaces， steelworks， and rolling mills are often separated from each other and thus cannot perform as well as more compact operation；
高爐、鋼鐵廠和軋鋼廠經(jīng)常分開，導(dǎo)致不如更緊湊的企業(yè)出效益；
4. Many steelworks have to be closed down， causing major unemployment in an area.
許多鋼鐵廠倒閉，導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的大批人失業(yè)。
Reasons for the British coal mining is called a “sick” industry today.
英國煤礦被稱為“生病”工業(yè)的原因。
Today the coal industry in Britain is on the decline，the number of miners， collieries and the total output have been falling.
如今的英國煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導(dǎo)致礦工、煤礦的數(shù)量和總產(chǎn)量都大大下降。
The reasons for the decline are as follows： exhaustion of old mines， costly operations of extraction， poor old equipment， little investment， fall in demand due to imports of cleaner， cheaper and more efficient fuels， etc.
煤工業(yè)衰退的原因包括：老煤礦的枯竭，昂貴的提煉費(fèi)用，破舊的設(shè)備，極少的投資，由于進(jìn)口更干凈、更便宜、更高效的燃料導(dǎo)致的需求下降等等。
Britain‘s oil and natural gas
英國的石油和天然氣
Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export. The transport and domestic heating systems mostly depend on oil. So does the food supply， because most agriculture is highly mechanized. Modern farming requires things which are all oil-based.
在1965年及1970年在北海發(fā)現(xiàn)天然氣和石油。今天英國的石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余供出口。交通和家庭供熱系統(tǒng)主要依靠石油，因?yàn)榇蟛糠洲r(nóng)業(yè)的高度機(jī)械化，食品供應(yīng)也靠石油。
Main problems associated with Britain‘s iron and steel industry today.
如今英國鋼鐵工業(yè)的主要問題。
British iron and steel industry is declining for the following reasons：
英國鋼鐵工業(yè)衰退的原因如下：
1. Local supplies of iron ore have become exhausted；
當(dāng)?shù)刭A備枯竭；
2. Old fashioned furnaces for making coke cannot recover valuable by-products；
他們生產(chǎn)焦炭的老式爐不能提取有價(jià)值的副產(chǎn)品，
3. Blast furnaces， steelworks， and rolling mills are often separated from each other and thus cannot perform as well as more compact operation；
高爐、鋼鐵廠和軋鋼廠經(jīng)常分開，導(dǎo)致不如更緊湊的企業(yè)出效益；
4. Many steelworks have to be closed down， causing major unemployment in an area.
許多鋼鐵廠倒閉，導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的大批人失業(yè)。