閱讀理解通常處理辦法
一、 看問(wèn)題，再讀文章
做閱讀理解時(shí)，可先看短文后的問(wèn)題（不必看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)），弄清楚需要了解什么，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀以達(dá)到明確目的。
二、 略讀關(guān)鍵段落，獲取重要信息
先將文章的首尾兩段讀一下，然后再快速找到并測(cè)覽一下其它段落的段落主題句。這樣做讀者可以獲得整篇文章的大概意思以及它的謀篇布局。掌握并熟練運(yùn)用略讀法可以使考生在盡可能短的時(shí)間內(nèi)了解整篇文章的大概內(nèi)容以及整體布局。這能幫助考生把測(cè)試題答案所依據(jù)的信息的大概位置快速確定下來(lái)。
三、 充分利用信號(hào)詞，查找信息
英文中有很多種表示上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞。所謂信號(hào)詞指在具體的段落中那些能夠發(fā)出信號(hào)，預(yù)示讀者將要讀到的內(nèi)容與上文存在什么樣的關(guān)系或本身具有什么邏輯意思的一些詞。
比如： 1）however，but ，nevertheless 等詞預(yù)示著后面的內(nèi)容與前面的不同或相反；
2） so…that…表示該句本身存在一種邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。 等等。
掌握并關(guān)注這些詞對(duì)解答諸如細(xì)節(jié)題、是非題就很有幫助。
四、學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)詞意、掃除閱讀障礙
雖然考生大多積累了一定的詞匯量，甚至即使你記住大綱上所列的單詞，在考試時(shí)仍不可避免地會(huì)或多或少地碰到一些生詞。這些生詞對(duì)于理解文章內(nèi)容無(wú)疑是一大障礙，克服這一障礙的方法就是運(yùn)用猜測(cè)詞意法將該詞大概的詞義猜測(cè)出來(lái)，因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí)是不允許查字典。掌握并熟練運(yùn)用猜測(cè)詞意法可使考生在閱讀時(shí)越過(guò)生詞這一障礙，更好地理解作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。
猜測(cè)詞意所依據(jù)的線索可分為以下幾類：
1. 定義（ definition）
通過(guò)上下文給出的定義，考生可以將某些生詞的意思猜測(cè)出來(lái)。使定義與被定義的內(nèi)容之間建立起關(guān)系的詞有： put it in another way，mean，in other words，that is，or，namely等等。
2. 重述（restatement）
所謂重述是指作者用另外的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子將前面已述及的內(nèi)容再重述一下。據(jù)重述內(nèi)容，考生可將前面內(nèi)容中的生詞的意思猜測(cè)出來(lái)。
3. 舉例（examples）
從such as，like，for example，for instance，等詞后所列舉的例子以及所表示的前后同位關(guān)系可以猜測(cè)出一些單詞的詞意。
4. 對(duì)比（contrast）
從表示對(duì)立或相反的信號(hào)詞可以判斷某些詞語(yǔ)內(nèi)容前后意思對(duì)立或相反。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，考生可以從其中一個(gè)詞猜測(cè)出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我們?cè)诤竺孢€會(huì)進(jìn)一步講解。
五、先易后難，逐個(gè)解題
由于測(cè)試的短文難易程度各異，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)自己的興起、愛(ài)好或?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)，先易后難答題。這樣做可讓考生保持良好的考場(chǎng)情緒，有利于考生正常發(fā)揮水平。
做閱讀理解應(yīng)忌諱的方面
一忌：不帶問(wèn)題閱讀。費(fèi)力、費(fèi)時(shí)、效率低。
二忌：草率行事。出題者有時(shí)故意出一道似是而非的題目，如果匆忙答題，很容易犯錯(cuò)。
三忌：主觀印象。有的考生愛(ài)根據(jù)自身的生活經(jīng)歷或常識(shí)來(lái)答題，而考試則是要根據(jù)原文
旨意來(lái)選擇答案。
四忌：一葉障目。只見(jiàn)樹木，不見(jiàn)森林。有的考生會(huì)被文章的個(gè)別內(nèi)容、局部環(huán)節(jié)所迷惑，
結(jié)果忽略了文章的全貌。
五忌：忽略時(shí)間。前面耗時(shí)太多，后面時(shí)間不夠用，結(jié)果影響成績(jī)。
各種題型講解
一、選擇題
考核學(xué)生對(duì)短文的綜合理解程度?？忌鶕?jù)短文內(nèi)容勾出正確答案。
常見(jiàn)題型有：
1. 主旨大意題
2. 事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)題
3. 是非題
4. 推理、引申題
5. 作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題
（－）主旨大意題
主旨題要求考生在閱讀有關(guān)文章后能夠概括出中心思想，確定段落大意或選定標(biāo)題。主旨題的常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：
1） From this passage， we learn that…
2） The article was written to explain…
3） The author mainly discusses…
4） The best title for this passage is…。
5） The central idea conveyed in the above passage is…
6） The title that best expresses the main idea is…
7） What does the passage mainly discuss？
8） What is the main topic （theme， subject， point） of the passage？
9） What would be the most appropriate title for this passage？
10） Which of the following is the best title for this passage？
11） Which sentence best summarizes the article？
12） Which title suits this passage best？
例如：
The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can‘t be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.
The original Americans， of course， were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.
One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.
One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racia1 group.
Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against， al1 groups have helped make the United States a great country. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.
Many people sti1l come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States wil1 still need the he1p of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.
Question： Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage？
A. The United States is a country made up of many different races.
B. Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.
C. All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.
D. The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.
一、 看問(wèn)題，再讀文章
做閱讀理解時(shí)，可先看短文后的問(wèn)題（不必看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)），弄清楚需要了解什么，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀以達(dá)到明確目的。
二、 略讀關(guān)鍵段落，獲取重要信息
先將文章的首尾兩段讀一下，然后再快速找到并測(cè)覽一下其它段落的段落主題句。這樣做讀者可以獲得整篇文章的大概意思以及它的謀篇布局。掌握并熟練運(yùn)用略讀法可以使考生在盡可能短的時(shí)間內(nèi)了解整篇文章的大概內(nèi)容以及整體布局。這能幫助考生把測(cè)試題答案所依據(jù)的信息的大概位置快速確定下來(lái)。
三、 充分利用信號(hào)詞，查找信息
英文中有很多種表示上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞。所謂信號(hào)詞指在具體的段落中那些能夠發(fā)出信號(hào)，預(yù)示讀者將要讀到的內(nèi)容與上文存在什么樣的關(guān)系或本身具有什么邏輯意思的一些詞。
比如： 1）however，but ，nevertheless 等詞預(yù)示著后面的內(nèi)容與前面的不同或相反；
2） so…that…表示該句本身存在一種邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。 等等。
掌握并關(guān)注這些詞對(duì)解答諸如細(xì)節(jié)題、是非題就很有幫助。
四、學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)詞意、掃除閱讀障礙
雖然考生大多積累了一定的詞匯量，甚至即使你記住大綱上所列的單詞，在考試時(shí)仍不可避免地會(huì)或多或少地碰到一些生詞。這些生詞對(duì)于理解文章內(nèi)容無(wú)疑是一大障礙，克服這一障礙的方法就是運(yùn)用猜測(cè)詞意法將該詞大概的詞義猜測(cè)出來(lái)，因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí)是不允許查字典。掌握并熟練運(yùn)用猜測(cè)詞意法可使考生在閱讀時(shí)越過(guò)生詞這一障礙，更好地理解作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。
猜測(cè)詞意所依據(jù)的線索可分為以下幾類：
1. 定義（ definition）
通過(guò)上下文給出的定義，考生可以將某些生詞的意思猜測(cè)出來(lái)。使定義與被定義的內(nèi)容之間建立起關(guān)系的詞有： put it in another way，mean，in other words，that is，or，namely等等。
2. 重述（restatement）
所謂重述是指作者用另外的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子將前面已述及的內(nèi)容再重述一下。據(jù)重述內(nèi)容，考生可將前面內(nèi)容中的生詞的意思猜測(cè)出來(lái)。
3. 舉例（examples）
從such as，like，for example，for instance，等詞后所列舉的例子以及所表示的前后同位關(guān)系可以猜測(cè)出一些單詞的詞意。
4. 對(duì)比（contrast）
從表示對(duì)立或相反的信號(hào)詞可以判斷某些詞語(yǔ)內(nèi)容前后意思對(duì)立或相反。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，考生可以從其中一個(gè)詞猜測(cè)出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我們?cè)诤竺孢€會(huì)進(jìn)一步講解。
五、先易后難，逐個(gè)解題
由于測(cè)試的短文難易程度各異，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)自己的興起、愛(ài)好或?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)，先易后難答題。這樣做可讓考生保持良好的考場(chǎng)情緒，有利于考生正常發(fā)揮水平。
做閱讀理解應(yīng)忌諱的方面
一忌：不帶問(wèn)題閱讀。費(fèi)力、費(fèi)時(shí)、效率低。
二忌：草率行事。出題者有時(shí)故意出一道似是而非的題目，如果匆忙答題，很容易犯錯(cuò)。
三忌：主觀印象。有的考生愛(ài)根據(jù)自身的生活經(jīng)歷或常識(shí)來(lái)答題，而考試則是要根據(jù)原文
旨意來(lái)選擇答案。
四忌：一葉障目。只見(jiàn)樹木，不見(jiàn)森林。有的考生會(huì)被文章的個(gè)別內(nèi)容、局部環(huán)節(jié)所迷惑，
結(jié)果忽略了文章的全貌。
五忌：忽略時(shí)間。前面耗時(shí)太多，后面時(shí)間不夠用，結(jié)果影響成績(jī)。
各種題型講解
一、選擇題
考核學(xué)生對(duì)短文的綜合理解程度?？忌鶕?jù)短文內(nèi)容勾出正確答案。
常見(jiàn)題型有：
1. 主旨大意題
2. 事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)題
3. 是非題
4. 推理、引申題
5. 作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題
（－）主旨大意題
主旨題要求考生在閱讀有關(guān)文章后能夠概括出中心思想，確定段落大意或選定標(biāo)題。主旨題的常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：
1） From this passage， we learn that…
2） The article was written to explain…
3） The author mainly discusses…
4） The best title for this passage is…。
5） The central idea conveyed in the above passage is…
6） The title that best expresses the main idea is…
7） What does the passage mainly discuss？
8） What is the main topic （theme， subject， point） of the passage？
9） What would be the most appropriate title for this passage？
10） Which of the following is the best title for this passage？
11） Which sentence best summarizes the article？
12） Which title suits this passage best？
例如：
The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can‘t be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.
The original Americans， of course， were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.
One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.
One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racia1 group.
Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against， al1 groups have helped make the United States a great country. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.
Many people sti1l come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States wil1 still need the he1p of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.
Question： Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage？
A. The United States is a country made up of many different races.
B. Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.
C. All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.
D. The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.