新托福口語考試第三題要求考生先閱讀一段文字，然后再聽一段與閱讀文字在內(nèi)容上相關(guān)的聽力材料，最后考生按照要求口頭回答相關(guān)問題。閱讀材料是70～100詞的自然段，共45秒鐘的閱讀時(shí)間。題目要求考生總結(jié)閱讀材料中隱含的說話者的觀點(diǎn)。
此題型的內(nèi)容為校園場景，形式為讀－聽－說。許多同學(xué)對(duì)于這一題的解答思路不是很明確，本文將對(duì)考生準(zhǔn)備該題時(shí)必須注意的重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的解析。
考試內(nèi)容
此題型考查的是考生運(yùn)用英語的綜合能力，是對(duì)考生適應(yīng)北美校園通知討論情景的模擬考查，體現(xiàn)了新托?？谡Z考試的考查目的之一，即“實(shí)現(xiàn)聽、讀、說三方面的動(dòng)態(tài)有機(jī)融合”，同時(shí)也是新托?？谡Z考試的點(diǎn)睛之筆。其目的在于考查考生是否真正具備了實(shí)際的校園語言綜合應(yīng)用能力，是否達(dá)到了較高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和較高質(zhì)量的即時(shí)輸入與輸出的語言運(yùn)用水平。
因此，這道題(包括第四、五、六題)既是對(duì)考生綜合聽說能力的考驗(yàn)，也是對(duì)考生概述能力的考驗(yàn)。
很多人覺得它比同為校園話題的第五題難度要大些，這是很正常的，因?yàn)榈谖孱}討論的通常都是學(xué)生個(gè)人的問題，而第三題討論的是校園“大政方針”的問題。即使用中文來表達(dá)，大家也不一定都熟悉在這種場景中需要的詞匯和句型，更別說用英文來準(zhǔn)確地表述了。
第三題的rating(評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn))以“your ability to speak clearly and coherently”、“Accuracy”和“Completeness”為評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
樣題分析及解題思路
樣題
本文以O(shè)fficial Guide(官方指南)第214頁的第三題為例(分為三個(gè)部分)：
1、閱讀材料
Announcement from the President
The university has decided to increase the tuition and fees for all the students by approximately 8 percent next semester. For the past five years, the tuition and fees have remained the same, but it’s necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students. We have also made the commitment to research and technology and will be renovating and updating our laboratory facilities to better meet our students?needs.
2、聽力材料
You will then hear:
Narrator: Now listen to two students as they discuss the announcement.
The dialogue will begin:
Man: Oh great, now we have to come up with more money for next semester.
Woman: Yeah, I know, but I can see why. When I first started here, classes were so much smaller than they are now. With this many students, it’s hard to get the personal attention you need.
Man: Yeah, I guess you’re right. You know, in some classes I can’t even get a seat. And I couldn’t take the math course I wanted to because it was already full when I signed up.
Woman: And the other things, well, I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.
Man: Why？I mean you’re doing really well in your classes, aren’t you?
Woman: I’l doing ok, but the facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can’t even do here. There isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience? I think the extra tuition will be a good investment.
3、問題：
Now answer the following question:
The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
解題思路
下面我們來探討一下解決這種典型校園場景讀聽說題的方法。
1、閱讀部分：這道題要求大家具備快速閱讀的能力。
這些閱讀材料是以通知、書信等形式出現(xiàn)的。更重要的是，它們的內(nèi)容都是校方做出decision、policy、regulation后進(jìn)行的公示，或者是一名學(xué)生看到這些公示后以書信形式做出的公開評(píng)價(jià)。同時(shí)，這些閱讀材料中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)校方做出這種決定或新規(guī)定的原因，通常都會(huì)列舉兩到三點(diǎn)理由。
常見的速記方法有以下三種：
①縮略形式。
②符號(hào)。
③中文記錄句子的整體意思而不是單個(gè)詞。
比如在以上的閱讀通知中，出現(xiàn)的重要信息就蘊(yùn)涵在以下幾句話中：
The university has decided to increase the tuition fees for all the students by approximately 8 percent next semester. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students.
We have also made the commitment to research and technology and will be renovating and updating our laboratory facilities to better meet our students?needs.
這三句話中加黑體部分的信息就可以采用以上三種做筆記的方法。比如將“tuition”、“facilities”記成“學(xué)費(fèi)”和“設(shè)施”；學(xué)生用縮略形式Ss，教授以profs來表示，update以u(píng)pd表示；而學(xué)費(fèi)、學(xué)生和教授人數(shù)的增加則用上升符號(hào)“”來表示。
2、聽力部分應(yīng)注意以下一些問題。
聽力通常都是conversation的形式，男女學(xué)生的對(duì)話一般以一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)以及原因的表述為重心，而另一個(gè)人的任務(wù)則是配合完成這段對(duì)話。所以通常聽到一個(gè)顯得比較“有主見”的學(xué)生說話時(shí)，他(她)的觀點(diǎn)就很可能是之后要被復(fù)述的內(nèi)容了，考生尤其要注意這幾點(diǎn)：
第一，聽力材料較簡短，所以考生需要高度集中注意力。
第二，做好聽力筆記。練習(xí)和測試經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，考生應(yīng)該圍繞著opinions和reasons做聽力筆記，而且ETS的考題設(shè)計(jì)很人性化，通?？忌加谐渥愕臅r(shí)間記錄下重要信息。
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家對(duì)照以上的conversation, 看看應(yīng)如何運(yùn)用以上三點(diǎn)速記方法。只要考生能夠聽出何處是重點(diǎn)信息，一般來說，其記錄速度就能夠跟上這類對(duì)話的速度。
重要信息出現(xiàn)在這些句子中: www.toefleasy.com
首先是觀點(diǎn)：I think the extra tuition will be a good investment(見樣題聽力材料最后一句話)。
其次記下對(duì)話中那個(gè)woman說的幾點(diǎn)原因：
①With this many students, it’s hard to get the personal attention you need.
② I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.
The facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can’t even do here. There isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience?
筆記的具體記錄大家可以根據(jù)剛才的閱讀材料的筆記做參考，然后做一下練習(xí)。
3、在得到充足的筆記以后，就要解決“說”的問題了。
這是最關(guān)鍵的問題，因?yàn)楹芏嗫忌驗(yàn)椤罢f”方面沒有找到適合ETS評(píng)分的方法而“浪費(fèi)”了成功的閱讀練習(xí)和聽力筆記。iBT speaking的所有question都是一致的，簡單地說，就是請(qǐng)考生回答對(duì)話中的一名學(xué)生對(duì)于以上通知的意見(反對(duì)還是支持等)以及他(她)持有該觀點(diǎn)的原因(通常都是兩點(diǎn))。因此，半分鐘的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間內(nèi)，考生要注意的就是充分利用時(shí)間進(jìn)行必要的層次性組織。
①時(shí)間控制：準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間為30秒，除了整理筆記之外，英語表述能力較弱的同學(xué)，可以做一個(gè)這樣的準(zhǔn)備——即用中英文夾雜的方法把筆記梳理一遍，在一分鐘的答題時(shí)間內(nèi)考生應(yīng)該先講筆記上的哪些點(diǎn)，后說哪些點(diǎn)，都要梳理得極為清晰，因?yàn)榇痤}過程中不要因?yàn)檫壿嫴磺宥稚⒆约旱淖⒁饬Γ痤}時(shí)的注意力是用來處理詞匯、語法與句型的。
②簡約：很多考生都反映說苦練了快速閱讀和聽力后，到了說的這一步特別困難，因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)自己是“茶壺里煮餃子——有貨倒不出”。其實(shí)就是因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中沒有進(jìn)行詞匯替換、口語簡單句型的訓(xùn)練。
③高分詞匯, 即簡單替換的詞匯：這一點(diǎn)對(duì)想拿高分的同學(xué)來說尤其重要。
考生在力所能及的情況下，在考場上盡量不要全盤搬出筆記上的單詞，注意適當(dāng)?shù)奶鎿Q，哪怕只有一兩個(gè)，也有利于得到高分。如“there isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories”，在考生答題時(shí)就可以說成“school labs cannot provide students with enough facilities”, 其中的provide sb. with sth.就是高分的口語詞組。
如果對(duì)以上的注意事項(xiàng)都有所把握，考生就能得出比較理想的speaking sample了，比如：
The woman student thinks it’s a good idea to raise the tuition, which is mentioned in the announcement due to the increasing number of students, professors and improving the laboratory facilities.
The first reason is that she thinks students cannot get enough personal attention in classes and some courses are even hard to sign up because of the increasing number of students.
And the second reason is that it’s hard to get an ideal job after graduation, because the school labs cannot provide students with enough and modern facilities, so that students lack practical experiences of experiments, and she mentions thatshe wasn’t able to do a very good experiment on microbiology because of the shabby facilities.
此題型的內(nèi)容為校園場景，形式為讀－聽－說。許多同學(xué)對(duì)于這一題的解答思路不是很明確，本文將對(duì)考生準(zhǔn)備該題時(shí)必須注意的重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的解析。
考試內(nèi)容
此題型考查的是考生運(yùn)用英語的綜合能力，是對(duì)考生適應(yīng)北美校園通知討論情景的模擬考查，體現(xiàn)了新托?？谡Z考試的考查目的之一，即“實(shí)現(xiàn)聽、讀、說三方面的動(dòng)態(tài)有機(jī)融合”，同時(shí)也是新托?？谡Z考試的點(diǎn)睛之筆。其目的在于考查考生是否真正具備了實(shí)際的校園語言綜合應(yīng)用能力，是否達(dá)到了較高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和較高質(zhì)量的即時(shí)輸入與輸出的語言運(yùn)用水平。
因此，這道題(包括第四、五、六題)既是對(duì)考生綜合聽說能力的考驗(yàn)，也是對(duì)考生概述能力的考驗(yàn)。
很多人覺得它比同為校園話題的第五題難度要大些，這是很正常的，因?yàn)榈谖孱}討論的通常都是學(xué)生個(gè)人的問題，而第三題討論的是校園“大政方針”的問題。即使用中文來表達(dá)，大家也不一定都熟悉在這種場景中需要的詞匯和句型，更別說用英文來準(zhǔn)確地表述了。
第三題的rating(評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn))以“your ability to speak clearly and coherently”、“Accuracy”和“Completeness”為評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
樣題分析及解題思路
樣題
本文以O(shè)fficial Guide(官方指南)第214頁的第三題為例(分為三個(gè)部分)：
1、閱讀材料
Announcement from the President
The university has decided to increase the tuition and fees for all the students by approximately 8 percent next semester. For the past five years, the tuition and fees have remained the same, but it’s necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students. We have also made the commitment to research and technology and will be renovating and updating our laboratory facilities to better meet our students?needs.
2、聽力材料
You will then hear:
Narrator: Now listen to two students as they discuss the announcement.
The dialogue will begin:
Man: Oh great, now we have to come up with more money for next semester.
Woman: Yeah, I know, but I can see why. When I first started here, classes were so much smaller than they are now. With this many students, it’s hard to get the personal attention you need.
Man: Yeah, I guess you’re right. You know, in some classes I can’t even get a seat. And I couldn’t take the math course I wanted to because it was already full when I signed up.
Woman: And the other things, well, I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.
Man: Why？I mean you’re doing really well in your classes, aren’t you?
Woman: I’l doing ok, but the facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can’t even do here. There isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience? I think the extra tuition will be a good investment.
3、問題：
Now answer the following question:
The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
解題思路
下面我們來探討一下解決這種典型校園場景讀聽說題的方法。
1、閱讀部分：這道題要求大家具備快速閱讀的能力。
這些閱讀材料是以通知、書信等形式出現(xiàn)的。更重要的是，它們的內(nèi)容都是校方做出decision、policy、regulation后進(jìn)行的公示，或者是一名學(xué)生看到這些公示后以書信形式做出的公開評(píng)價(jià)。同時(shí)，這些閱讀材料中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)校方做出這種決定或新規(guī)定的原因，通常都會(huì)列舉兩到三點(diǎn)理由。
常見的速記方法有以下三種：
①縮略形式。
②符號(hào)。
③中文記錄句子的整體意思而不是單個(gè)詞。
比如在以上的閱讀通知中，出現(xiàn)的重要信息就蘊(yùn)涵在以下幾句話中：
The university has decided to increase the tuition fees for all the students by approximately 8 percent next semester. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students.
We have also made the commitment to research and technology and will be renovating and updating our laboratory facilities to better meet our students?needs.
這三句話中加黑體部分的信息就可以采用以上三種做筆記的方法。比如將“tuition”、“facilities”記成“學(xué)費(fèi)”和“設(shè)施”；學(xué)生用縮略形式Ss，教授以profs來表示，update以u(píng)pd表示；而學(xué)費(fèi)、學(xué)生和教授人數(shù)的增加則用上升符號(hào)“”來表示。
2、聽力部分應(yīng)注意以下一些問題。
聽力通常都是conversation的形式，男女學(xué)生的對(duì)話一般以一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)以及原因的表述為重心，而另一個(gè)人的任務(wù)則是配合完成這段對(duì)話。所以通常聽到一個(gè)顯得比較“有主見”的學(xué)生說話時(shí)，他(她)的觀點(diǎn)就很可能是之后要被復(fù)述的內(nèi)容了，考生尤其要注意這幾點(diǎn)：
第一，聽力材料較簡短，所以考生需要高度集中注意力。
第二，做好聽力筆記。練習(xí)和測試經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，考生應(yīng)該圍繞著opinions和reasons做聽力筆記，而且ETS的考題設(shè)計(jì)很人性化，通?？忌加谐渥愕臅r(shí)間記錄下重要信息。
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家對(duì)照以上的conversation, 看看應(yīng)如何運(yùn)用以上三點(diǎn)速記方法。只要考生能夠聽出何處是重點(diǎn)信息，一般來說，其記錄速度就能夠跟上這類對(duì)話的速度。
重要信息出現(xiàn)在這些句子中: www.toefleasy.com
首先是觀點(diǎn)：I think the extra tuition will be a good investment(見樣題聽力材料最后一句話)。
其次記下對(duì)話中那個(gè)woman說的幾點(diǎn)原因：
①With this many students, it’s hard to get the personal attention you need.
② I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.
The facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can’t even do here. There isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience?
筆記的具體記錄大家可以根據(jù)剛才的閱讀材料的筆記做參考，然后做一下練習(xí)。
3、在得到充足的筆記以后，就要解決“說”的問題了。
這是最關(guān)鍵的問題，因?yàn)楹芏嗫忌驗(yàn)椤罢f”方面沒有找到適合ETS評(píng)分的方法而“浪費(fèi)”了成功的閱讀練習(xí)和聽力筆記。iBT speaking的所有question都是一致的，簡單地說，就是請(qǐng)考生回答對(duì)話中的一名學(xué)生對(duì)于以上通知的意見(反對(duì)還是支持等)以及他(她)持有該觀點(diǎn)的原因(通常都是兩點(diǎn))。因此，半分鐘的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間內(nèi)，考生要注意的就是充分利用時(shí)間進(jìn)行必要的層次性組織。
①時(shí)間控制：準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間為30秒，除了整理筆記之外，英語表述能力較弱的同學(xué)，可以做一個(gè)這樣的準(zhǔn)備——即用中英文夾雜的方法把筆記梳理一遍，在一分鐘的答題時(shí)間內(nèi)考生應(yīng)該先講筆記上的哪些點(diǎn)，后說哪些點(diǎn)，都要梳理得極為清晰，因?yàn)榇痤}過程中不要因?yàn)檫壿嫴磺宥稚⒆约旱淖⒁饬Γ痤}時(shí)的注意力是用來處理詞匯、語法與句型的。
②簡約：很多考生都反映說苦練了快速閱讀和聽力后，到了說的這一步特別困難，因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)自己是“茶壺里煮餃子——有貨倒不出”。其實(shí)就是因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中沒有進(jìn)行詞匯替換、口語簡單句型的訓(xùn)練。
③高分詞匯, 即簡單替換的詞匯：這一點(diǎn)對(duì)想拿高分的同學(xué)來說尤其重要。
考生在力所能及的情況下，在考場上盡量不要全盤搬出筆記上的單詞，注意適當(dāng)?shù)奶鎿Q，哪怕只有一兩個(gè)，也有利于得到高分。如“there isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories”，在考生答題時(shí)就可以說成“school labs cannot provide students with enough facilities”, 其中的provide sb. with sth.就是高分的口語詞組。
如果對(duì)以上的注意事項(xiàng)都有所把握，考生就能得出比較理想的speaking sample了，比如：
The woman student thinks it’s a good idea to raise the tuition, which is mentioned in the announcement due to the increasing number of students, professors and improving the laboratory facilities.
The first reason is that she thinks students cannot get enough personal attention in classes and some courses are even hard to sign up because of the increasing number of students.
And the second reason is that it’s hard to get an ideal job after graduation, because the school labs cannot provide students with enough and modern facilities, so that students lack practical experiences of experiments, and she mentions thatshe wasn’t able to do a very good experiment on microbiology because of the shabby facilities.