(二) 正誤辨析
[誤] I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English
[正] I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English
[析] 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時(shí)要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用am。
[誤] We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War
[正] We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War
[析] 這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who， 因?yàn)槠湎刃性~有兩個(gè)一個(gè)是 things (物)，而另一個(gè)是people (人)，這時(shí)既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that， 因?yàn)樗南刃性~既可以是人又可以是物。
[誤] The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good
[正] The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good
[析] 先行詞與定語從句被逗號(hào)分割開來時(shí)，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨(dú)有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。
[誤] The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
[正] The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool
[析] 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時(shí)它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。
[誤] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
[正] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
[析] the one， anyone， those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。
[誤] This is the room in that the old man lives
[正] This is the room in which the old man lives
[正] This is the room which the old man lives in
[正] This is the room that the old man lives in
[析] that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in
[誤] I can do everything which is good for you
[正] I can do everything that is good for you
[析] 在先行詞是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
[誤] The only thing which the students can do is studying hard
[正] The only thing that the students can do is studying hard
[析] 在先行詞前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等詞修飾時(shí)，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞，而要用 that。
[誤] This is the first American film which I've ever seen
[正] This is the first American film that I've ever seen
[析] 在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞級(jí)修飾的先行詞之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen
[誤] He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin
[正] He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin
[析] 當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個(gè)句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個(gè)事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。
[誤] I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English
[正] I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English
[析] 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時(shí)要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用am。
[誤] We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War
[正] We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War
[析] 這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who， 因?yàn)槠湎刃性~有兩個(gè)一個(gè)是 things (物)，而另一個(gè)是people (人)，這時(shí)既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that， 因?yàn)樗南刃性~既可以是人又可以是物。
[誤] The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good
[正] The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good
[析] 先行詞與定語從句被逗號(hào)分割開來時(shí)，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨(dú)有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。
[誤] The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
[正] The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool
[析] 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時(shí)它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。
[誤] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
[正] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
[析] the one， anyone， those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。
[誤] This is the room in that the old man lives
[正] This is the room in which the old man lives
[正] This is the room which the old man lives in
[正] This is the room that the old man lives in
[析] that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in
[誤] I can do everything which is good for you
[正] I can do everything that is good for you
[析] 在先行詞是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
[誤] The only thing which the students can do is studying hard
[正] The only thing that the students can do is studying hard
[析] 在先行詞前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等詞修飾時(shí)，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞，而要用 that。
[誤] This is the first American film which I've ever seen
[正] This is the first American film that I've ever seen
[析] 在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞級(jí)修飾的先行詞之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen
[誤] He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin
[正] He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin
[析] 當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個(gè)句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個(gè)事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。