2010英語翻譯中級口譯：翻譯部分英譯漢練習(2)
(物質(zhì)文化和非物質(zhì)文化的定義Material Culture and Non-material Culture)
The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house—all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society.
Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible—indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.
任何社會的文化一般都被分為兩類： 物質(zhì)文化和非物質(zhì)文化。 物質(zhì)文化包括具有高度、寬度和重量等物理屬性的人為現(xiàn)象。 /船、機器和房屋――所有這些東西都被歸為物質(zhì)文化的一部分。 非物質(zhì)文化則是人類所處環(huán)境的一部分，它影響著人類的行為卻缺乏上述的那些物質(zhì)屬性，非物質(zhì)文化是人作為社會一員所創(chuàng)立和獲得的價值觀、信仰、傳統(tǒng)觀念及一切其他習慣和思想。
當代社會學理論在選擇說要研究的問題時，往往側(cè)重于非物質(zhì)文化。比如，社會學理論認為船、飛機、汽車等物品的重要性遠不如人們?yōu)橹圃爝@些東西——確切地說是為規(guī)定其使用方法而形成的傳統(tǒng)觀念的重要性。 當代社會學所強調(diào)的是，不若是先有了能孕育物質(zhì)文化的非物質(zhì)文化，物質(zhì)文化就無從產(chǎn)生。
(物質(zhì)文化和非物質(zhì)文化的定義Material Culture and Non-material Culture)
The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house—all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society.
Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible—indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.
任何社會的文化一般都被分為兩類： 物質(zhì)文化和非物質(zhì)文化。 物質(zhì)文化包括具有高度、寬度和重量等物理屬性的人為現(xiàn)象。 /船、機器和房屋――所有這些東西都被歸為物質(zhì)文化的一部分。 非物質(zhì)文化則是人類所處環(huán)境的一部分，它影響著人類的行為卻缺乏上述的那些物質(zhì)屬性，非物質(zhì)文化是人作為社會一員所創(chuàng)立和獲得的價值觀、信仰、傳統(tǒng)觀念及一切其他習慣和思想。
當代社會學理論在選擇說要研究的問題時，往往側(cè)重于非物質(zhì)文化。比如，社會學理論認為船、飛機、汽車等物品的重要性遠不如人們?yōu)橹圃爝@些東西——確切地說是為規(guī)定其使用方法而形成的傳統(tǒng)觀念的重要性。 當代社會學所強調(diào)的是，不若是先有了能孕育物質(zhì)文化的非物質(zhì)文化，物質(zhì)文化就無從產(chǎn)生。