SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
一、美陪審團制度
As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system.
Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.
Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.
The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather
2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority
3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock
4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated
5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing
6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over
7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as
8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart
9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While
10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations
11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake
12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities
13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private
14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying
15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned
16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed
17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned
18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides
19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective
20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
總體分析
本文介紹了美國的陪審團制度。第一段指出，陪審團是美國共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團的類型和選舉程序。
全文翻譯
美國的建國之父們作為大英帝國的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團由一群選來裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。
使用陪審團裁決案件是美國法律系統(tǒng)的一個顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國家和美國一樣使用陪審團。幾個世紀以來，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團比許多國家那樣單獨使用一位法官達成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因為陪審團裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個團體來決定什么是正確的。
陪審團既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱個人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團成員從美國公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團在每一個需要陪審團的案件中都會被召喚。
被指派負責案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團成員的選舉。在一些州，未來的陪審團成員由法官詢問，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當事人的律師的詢問。
二、英國車速監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)
The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.
Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.
But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”
1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments
2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching
3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over
4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where
5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed
6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect
7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting
8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With
9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil
10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring
11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely
12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to
13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while
14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix
15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered
16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort
17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such
18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which
19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for
20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D
11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文講述了英國車速監(jiān)控攝像體系擴張計劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計劃的支持者(警察和財政部門)和反對者(機動車管理機構(gòu))的觀點。
全文翻譯
一旦擴大車速監(jiān)控攝像體系，這個國家財政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬收入。機動車管理機構(gòu)警告說這種罰款可能變成對汽車征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時，《每日郵報》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴張計劃，就是在考慮加入其中。
預(yù)計(在實施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達9000萬。按照計劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機的費用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財政部。財政部長們和警察都堅持認為該計劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個試點地區(qū)撞車事故減少了四分之一，嚴重傷亡事故減少至一半。
但是機動車管理機構(gòu)擔心警察為了多開罰單會把攝像機裝在相對安全但行車速度較快的直行道上，還會為車速監(jiān)控攝像機設(shè)置最低合法車速標準，如把正常的每小時10英里限速提高到每小時15英里，每小時20英里限速提高到每小時26英里。這樣做會使司機盯著自己的里程計而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國皇家汽車俱樂部(RAC)活動負責人休。尼科爾森說，“嚴格上說，我們對車速監(jiān)控攝像機并無意見，我們擔憂的是它們被安放的地點。如果把監(jiān)控攝像機視為(政府)聚斂財政收入的手段而不是安全設(shè)施，那么警察就可能喪失他們在駕駛者心目中的威信”。
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
一、美陪審團制度
As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system.
Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.
Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.
The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather
2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority
3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock
4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated
5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing
6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over
7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as
8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart
9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While
10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations
11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake
12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities
13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private
14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying
15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned
16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed
17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned
18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides
19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective
20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
總體分析
本文介紹了美國的陪審團制度。第一段指出，陪審團是美國共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團的類型和選舉程序。
全文翻譯
美國的建國之父們作為大英帝國的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團由一群選來裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。
使用陪審團裁決案件是美國法律系統(tǒng)的一個顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國家和美國一樣使用陪審團。幾個世紀以來，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團比許多國家那樣單獨使用一位法官達成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因為陪審團裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個團體來決定什么是正確的。
陪審團既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱個人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團成員從美國公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團在每一個需要陪審團的案件中都會被召喚。
被指派負責案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團成員的選舉。在一些州，未來的陪審團成員由法官詢問，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當事人的律師的詢問。
二、英國車速監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)
The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.
Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.
But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”
1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments
2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching
3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over
4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where
5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed
6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect
7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting
8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With
9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil
10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring
11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely
12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to
13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while
14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix
15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered
16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort
17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such
18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which
19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for
20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D
11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文講述了英國車速監(jiān)控攝像體系擴張計劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計劃的支持者(警察和財政部門)和反對者(機動車管理機構(gòu))的觀點。
全文翻譯
一旦擴大車速監(jiān)控攝像體系，這個國家財政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬收入。機動車管理機構(gòu)警告說這種罰款可能變成對汽車征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時，《每日郵報》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴張計劃，就是在考慮加入其中。
預(yù)計(在實施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達9000萬。按照計劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機的費用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財政部。財政部長們和警察都堅持認為該計劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個試點地區(qū)撞車事故減少了四分之一，嚴重傷亡事故減少至一半。
但是機動車管理機構(gòu)擔心警察為了多開罰單會把攝像機裝在相對安全但行車速度較快的直行道上，還會為車速監(jiān)控攝像機設(shè)置最低合法車速標準，如把正常的每小時10英里限速提高到每小時15英里，每小時20英里限速提高到每小時26英里。這樣做會使司機盯著自己的里程計而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國皇家汽車俱樂部(RAC)活動負責人休。尼科爾森說，“嚴格上說，我們對車速監(jiān)控攝像機并無意見，我們擔憂的是它們被安放的地點。如果把監(jiān)控攝像機視為(政府)聚斂財政收入的手段而不是安全設(shè)施，那么警察就可能喪失他們在駕駛者心目中的威信”。