世界上頂尖級的建筑師杰作體現(xiàn)的載體是我們看得見，摸得著的一磚一瓦;同樣，我們備考考研英語則要掌握必要的詞匯！100分的考研英語試卷對我們的詞匯要求是很高的，所以我們在這個冬季去一起感知其基礎(chǔ)詞匯的魅力！
一、閱讀中常見的基礎(chǔ)詞匯
工作生活類文章
Passage 1
工作生活類議論文。主要闡述了注重細(xì)節(jié)、做好小事，對最后的成功的重要性。
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says。
“Resumes (簡歷) arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, “Crossley concludes?！?If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else?！?BR> Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary?！?Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every take we undertake。
Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (機遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow。
核心詞匯
1. candidate n. 候選人
【搭配】 a candidate for ……的候選人
2. eliminate v. 消滅，去除
【巧記】 eliminator n. 排除者
【搭配】 eliminate…from…把……從……中排除出
3. strain n. 壓力
4. struggle vi. 掙扎，努力，奮斗n. 掙扎，戰(zhàn)斗，斗爭
【搭配】 struggle against (with) 和……斗爭‖struggle for 為……而斗爭
5. compare v. 比較
【巧記】 comparison n. 比較，對照
【搭配】 beyond comparison 無比的‖by comparison 比較起來
6. process n. 過程
【搭配】 in process 在進行中‖in (the) process of 在……過程中
7. coordinate a. 同等的，并列的v. (使)成為同等，使協(xié)調(diào)
8. adjustment n. 調(diào)節(jié)
【搭配】 adjust to 使調(diào)整
9. secret n. 秘密
【搭配】 in secret 秘密地
10. reward n. 回報
【巧記】 rewarding a. 報答的，有得益的‖rewardless a. 徒弟的
核心詞組
take care of 照顧 pay attention to 對……給予注意
at the cost of 以……為代價 keep form doing sth. 遠(yuǎn)離……，不做……
make adjustment (s) 作調(diào)整 account for 說明，解釋
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：288；單詞：255；中文：33)
Passage 2
工作生活類議論文。主題是成為一個真正的作家的艱辛與不易。
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer?！?BR> The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U. S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者)， I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer。
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there。
核心詞匯
1. individual n. 個人，個體a. 個人的，個體的
【巧記】 individuality n. 個性
2. fame n. 名聲，名氣
【巧記】 famous a. 的
3. reality n. 現(xiàn)實
4. lonely a. 孤獨的
【巧記】 alone a. 獨自的，單獨的
5. kiss vt. 吻…… n. 吻
6. prospect n. 前景，前途，視野
【巧記】 perspective n. 眼力，遠(yuǎn)景，前景
7. manual a. 手動的，體力的n. 手冊，指南
8. genuine a. 真正的
9. barely ad. 幾乎不
10. wonder v. 納悶，不知道n. 奇跡
11. uncertainty n. 不確定性
12. failure n. 失敗
核心詞組
many a… 一個又一人…… dream of 夢想到……
feel like 想，感覺好像…… keep doing sth. 一直在做……
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：360；單詞：308；中文：52)
Passage 3
工作生活類議論文。文章闡述了公司如果想在世界市場上具有競爭力，多樣化是必要的。
It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多樣化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expend the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need。
Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying, “Let’s go backward. Let’s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)” (witch was never true we never had a meritocracy, although we’ve come closer to it in the last 30 years。) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media not in corporate board rooms or on collage campuses。
核心詞匯
1. debate n./v. 辨論，討論
【巧記】 debatable a. 可議論的，可爭辯的‖debater n. 議論者
2. contact n. 接觸，聯(lián)系，交往vt. 與……聯(lián)系，接觸
【巧記】 contactless a. 失去聯(lián)系
3. imperative a. 必要的，重要的
4. expand v. 擴大，展開，擴張
【巧記】 expansion n. 擴張‖expansive a. 擴張性的‖expanse n. 大片，大面積
5. potential a. 潛在的，可能的n. 潛力
6. promote vt. 提升，舉辦，促成，幫助實現(xiàn)
【巧記】 promoter n. 促進者‖promotion n. 升級，推廣‖promotional a. 推銷的，促進的
7. minorities n. 少數(shù)民族
8. immigrant n. (外來)移民，僑民a. 移來的，移民的
9. academy n. (高等)院校，學(xué)會，協(xié)會
【巧記】 academic a. 學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)院的，學(xué)究的
10. minority n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族
11. debate v./n. 辯論，爭論
核心詞組
have a lot of contact with 與……有聯(lián)系 on campus 在(在學(xué))校園里
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：326；單詞：294；中文：32)
科技類說明文
Passage 1
科技類說明文。Priscilla Ouclinda 的具有“能源效率”特點的房子結(jié)果變成了其一家生病的“罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?。專家最后將其定家生病的原因歸結(jié)到了室內(nèi)甲醛氣體嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。從中我們可以看到，正是Ouclinda 一家人在建造自己的房子時過多地考慮到節(jié)約能源，反而忽略了室內(nèi)空氣污染。他們的房子是密封的，同時安裝有雙層玻璃……這一切均不利用房屋換氣通風(fēng)。這個問題在當(dāng)今美國社會里非常普遍，作者與過去在能源便宜時期房屋的建造狀況相比，得出室內(nèi)空氣污染是一定要受重視的。
Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (雙層玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness。
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting。
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tented to accentuate the situation in some cases?！?BR> The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels。
核心詞匯
1. efficient a. 效率高的，有能力的
【巧記】 effective a. 有效的，生效的‖ineffective a. 無效的‖efficiency n. 效率，效能，功效‖deficient a. 缺乏的‖sufficient a. 足夠的‖inefficient a. 效率低的
【辨析】 efficient, effective
effective 能產(chǎn)生滿意的結(jié)果的；efficient 指工作的效率很高，而且經(jīng)濟。
2. seal n. 封條，印章，海豹vt. 密封，蓋章
【搭配】 put a seal on 把……上貼封條‖take off the seal 啟封‖seal in 保持住‖seal off 封住，封鎖住
3. equip vt. 裝配，配備
【巧記】 equipment n. 設(shè)備，器材
【搭配】 equip oneself for 為……作準(zhǔn)備‖equip sb. to do 為某人……作準(zhǔn)備‖equip…with…以……裝備……‖be equipped with 裝備(配備)有……
【辨析】 1. equip, fwrnish
科技
Technology
equip 指有技術(shù)性的含義；fwrnish 指房間配備家具，也指供應(yīng)其他物品等。
2. equipment, apparatus, appliance
equipment 裝備，設(shè)備；apparatus 器械，儀器，工具，裝置，儀表；appliance 器具，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指用于操縱有電源的器具或裝置。
4. feature n. 特征，特色，臉上的一部分特寫
【巧記】 featureless a. 無特色的，平凡的
【搭配】 make a feature of 以……為特征
5. suffer vt. 忍受，承受，遭受vi. 忍受痛苦
【巧記】 sufferer n. (病痛等的)受苦者、受難者、患者‖suffering n. 痛苦、苦腦、勞苦、困難‖suffice vi. 足夠vt. 滿足
【搭配】 suffer from 遭受，因……而受損害、苦于、患……病‖suffer for 因……而受懲罰
6. trace n. 足跡，痕跡vt. 跟蹤，追蹤
【巧記】 tracing n. 描繪
【辨析】 trace, track, trail
trace 指人、動物過后所留下的明顯痕跡記號；track 偏重于狩獵活動中獵狗依此追尋獵物的痕跡；trail 足跡或氣味留下的痕跡。
7. maximum n. 量，極限
【巧記】 maximal a. 的‖maximize v. 把……加到限度
【辨析】 maximum, minimum
maximum 量，點；minimum 最小量，最低點
8. standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)格
【巧記】 standardize (-ise) vt. 使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
【搭配】 be fit for the standard 合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)‖of (a) high standard 水準(zhǔn)高的‖SAE: Standard American English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美國英語‖SBE: Standard Britosk English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美式英語
9. source n. 來源，出處
【巧記】 sour a. 酸的，脾氣壞的‖south n./a./ad. 南方(的／地)
【搭配】 from…source (s) 從……方面(來源)
【辨析】 source, resource, origin
source 指河流的源頭，引申為來源，出處；resource 指自然資源或資產(chǎn)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；origin 指歷史文化或風(fēng)俗的起源。
10. victim n. 犧牲品，受害者
【巧記】 victimize vt. 使受害‖victor n. 征勝者，勝利者
【搭配】 become the victim of/fall a victim to 成為……的犧牲品
11. sufficient a. 足夠的，充分的確良
【巧記】 suffice vi./vt. 足夠，滿足‖insufficient a. 不足的‖sufficiently ad. 足夠地
【搭配】 be sufficient for 足以(滿足)‖suffice for 足夠，夠用
【辨析】 sufficient, adequate, enough
一、閱讀中常見的基礎(chǔ)詞匯
工作生活類文章
Passage 1
工作生活類議論文。主要闡述了注重細(xì)節(jié)、做好小事，對最后的成功的重要性。
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says。
“Resumes (簡歷) arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, “Crossley concludes?！?If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else?！?BR> Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary?！?Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every take we undertake。
Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (機遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow。
核心詞匯
1. candidate n. 候選人
【搭配】 a candidate for ……的候選人
2. eliminate v. 消滅，去除
【巧記】 eliminator n. 排除者
【搭配】 eliminate…from…把……從……中排除出
3. strain n. 壓力
4. struggle vi. 掙扎，努力，奮斗n. 掙扎，戰(zhàn)斗，斗爭
【搭配】 struggle against (with) 和……斗爭‖struggle for 為……而斗爭
5. compare v. 比較
【巧記】 comparison n. 比較，對照
【搭配】 beyond comparison 無比的‖by comparison 比較起來
6. process n. 過程
【搭配】 in process 在進行中‖in (the) process of 在……過程中
7. coordinate a. 同等的，并列的v. (使)成為同等，使協(xié)調(diào)
8. adjustment n. 調(diào)節(jié)
【搭配】 adjust to 使調(diào)整
9. secret n. 秘密
【搭配】 in secret 秘密地
10. reward n. 回報
【巧記】 rewarding a. 報答的，有得益的‖rewardless a. 徒弟的
核心詞組
take care of 照顧 pay attention to 對……給予注意
at the cost of 以……為代價 keep form doing sth. 遠(yuǎn)離……，不做……
make adjustment (s) 作調(diào)整 account for 說明，解釋
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：288；單詞：255；中文：33)
Passage 2
工作生活類議論文。主題是成為一個真正的作家的艱辛與不易。
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer?！?BR> The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U. S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者)， I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer。
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there。
核心詞匯
1. individual n. 個人，個體a. 個人的，個體的
【巧記】 individuality n. 個性
2. fame n. 名聲，名氣
【巧記】 famous a. 的
3. reality n. 現(xiàn)實
4. lonely a. 孤獨的
【巧記】 alone a. 獨自的，單獨的
5. kiss vt. 吻…… n. 吻
6. prospect n. 前景，前途，視野
【巧記】 perspective n. 眼力，遠(yuǎn)景，前景
7. manual a. 手動的，體力的n. 手冊，指南
8. genuine a. 真正的
9. barely ad. 幾乎不
10. wonder v. 納悶，不知道n. 奇跡
11. uncertainty n. 不確定性
12. failure n. 失敗
核心詞組
many a… 一個又一人…… dream of 夢想到……
feel like 想，感覺好像…… keep doing sth. 一直在做……
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：360；單詞：308；中文：52)
Passage 3
工作生活類議論文。文章闡述了公司如果想在世界市場上具有競爭力，多樣化是必要的。
It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多樣化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expend the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need。
Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying, “Let’s go backward. Let’s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)” (witch was never true we never had a meritocracy, although we’ve come closer to it in the last 30 years。) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media not in corporate board rooms or on collage campuses。
核心詞匯
1. debate n./v. 辨論，討論
【巧記】 debatable a. 可議論的，可爭辯的‖debater n. 議論者
2. contact n. 接觸，聯(lián)系，交往vt. 與……聯(lián)系，接觸
【巧記】 contactless a. 失去聯(lián)系
3. imperative a. 必要的，重要的
4. expand v. 擴大，展開，擴張
【巧記】 expansion n. 擴張‖expansive a. 擴張性的‖expanse n. 大片，大面積
5. potential a. 潛在的，可能的n. 潛力
6. promote vt. 提升，舉辦，促成，幫助實現(xiàn)
【巧記】 promoter n. 促進者‖promotion n. 升級，推廣‖promotional a. 推銷的，促進的
7. minorities n. 少數(shù)民族
8. immigrant n. (外來)移民，僑民a. 移來的，移民的
9. academy n. (高等)院校，學(xué)會，協(xié)會
【巧記】 academic a. 學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)院的，學(xué)究的
10. minority n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族
11. debate v./n. 辯論，爭論
核心詞組
have a lot of contact with 與……有聯(lián)系 on campus 在(在學(xué))校園里
(總字?jǐn)?shù)：326；單詞：294；中文：32)
科技類說明文
Passage 1
科技類說明文。Priscilla Ouclinda 的具有“能源效率”特點的房子結(jié)果變成了其一家生病的“罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?。專家最后將其定家生病的原因歸結(jié)到了室內(nèi)甲醛氣體嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。從中我們可以看到，正是Ouclinda 一家人在建造自己的房子時過多地考慮到節(jié)約能源，反而忽略了室內(nèi)空氣污染。他們的房子是密封的，同時安裝有雙層玻璃……這一切均不利用房屋換氣通風(fēng)。這個問題在當(dāng)今美國社會里非常普遍，作者與過去在能源便宜時期房屋的建造狀況相比，得出室內(nèi)空氣污染是一定要受重視的。
Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (雙層玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness。
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting。
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tented to accentuate the situation in some cases?！?BR> The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels。
核心詞匯
1. efficient a. 效率高的，有能力的
【巧記】 effective a. 有效的，生效的‖ineffective a. 無效的‖efficiency n. 效率，效能，功效‖deficient a. 缺乏的‖sufficient a. 足夠的‖inefficient a. 效率低的
【辨析】 efficient, effective
effective 能產(chǎn)生滿意的結(jié)果的；efficient 指工作的效率很高，而且經(jīng)濟。
2. seal n. 封條，印章，海豹vt. 密封，蓋章
【搭配】 put a seal on 把……上貼封條‖take off the seal 啟封‖seal in 保持住‖seal off 封住，封鎖住
3. equip vt. 裝配，配備
【巧記】 equipment n. 設(shè)備，器材
【搭配】 equip oneself for 為……作準(zhǔn)備‖equip sb. to do 為某人……作準(zhǔn)備‖equip…with…以……裝備……‖be equipped with 裝備(配備)有……
【辨析】 1. equip, fwrnish
科技
Technology
equip 指有技術(shù)性的含義；fwrnish 指房間配備家具，也指供應(yīng)其他物品等。
2. equipment, apparatus, appliance
equipment 裝備，設(shè)備；apparatus 器械，儀器，工具，裝置，儀表；appliance 器具，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指用于操縱有電源的器具或裝置。
4. feature n. 特征，特色，臉上的一部分特寫
【巧記】 featureless a. 無特色的，平凡的
【搭配】 make a feature of 以……為特征
5. suffer vt. 忍受，承受，遭受vi. 忍受痛苦
【巧記】 sufferer n. (病痛等的)受苦者、受難者、患者‖suffering n. 痛苦、苦腦、勞苦、困難‖suffice vi. 足夠vt. 滿足
【搭配】 suffer from 遭受，因……而受損害、苦于、患……病‖suffer for 因……而受懲罰
6. trace n. 足跡，痕跡vt. 跟蹤，追蹤
【巧記】 tracing n. 描繪
【辨析】 trace, track, trail
trace 指人、動物過后所留下的明顯痕跡記號；track 偏重于狩獵活動中獵狗依此追尋獵物的痕跡；trail 足跡或氣味留下的痕跡。
7. maximum n. 量，極限
【巧記】 maximal a. 的‖maximize v. 把……加到限度
【辨析】 maximum, minimum
maximum 量，點；minimum 最小量，最低點
8. standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)格
【巧記】 standardize (-ise) vt. 使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
【搭配】 be fit for the standard 合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)‖of (a) high standard 水準(zhǔn)高的‖SAE: Standard American English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美國英語‖SBE: Standard Britosk English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美式英語
9. source n. 來源，出處
【巧記】 sour a. 酸的，脾氣壞的‖south n./a./ad. 南方(的／地)
【搭配】 from…source (s) 從……方面(來源)
【辨析】 source, resource, origin
source 指河流的源頭，引申為來源，出處；resource 指自然資源或資產(chǎn)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；origin 指歷史文化或風(fēng)俗的起源。
10. victim n. 犧牲品，受害者
【巧記】 victimize vt. 使受害‖victor n. 征勝者，勝利者
【搭配】 become the victim of/fall a victim to 成為……的犧牲品
11. sufficient a. 足夠的，充分的確良
【巧記】 suffice vi./vt. 足夠，滿足‖insufficient a. 不足的‖sufficiently ad. 足夠地
【搭配】 be sufficient for 足以(滿足)‖suffice for 足夠，夠用
【辨析】 sufficient, adequate, enough