GRE閱讀題型細(xì)節(jié)題解析——支持題

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1題型分析
     支持題,顧名思義,就是用一者來(lái)支持另一者。這種題型和推斷題很相似,甚至廣義上可以說(shuō)就是推斷題的一種,但與傳統(tǒng)意義上的推斷題不太一樣:推斷題通常是由題干所指示的內(nèi)容推斷出五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中之一,可以歸結(jié)為“由根據(jù)推表現(xiàn)”,通?!案鶕?jù)”內(nèi)容,也就是題干的內(nèi)容處于“表現(xiàn)”內(nèi)容的上游;而支持題通常是為題干所示內(nèi)容尋找支持的證據(jù),可以歸結(jié)為“為本質(zhì)找表現(xiàn)”,通?!氨举|(zhì)”內(nèi)容,也就是題干內(nèi)容處于“表現(xiàn)”內(nèi)容的下游,或者可能不存在上下游關(guān)系。
     這類(lèi)題目在GRE的閱讀中所占比例并不很大,但其難度卻相當(dāng)大。其所考察的內(nèi)容是現(xiàn)象和本質(zhì)之間的聯(lián)系,通常題干中會(huì)出現(xiàn)support, strengthen等標(biāo)志詞。比如:The information from Line XX to Line XX can be best supported by which of the following statements? 或者Which of the following statements can best strengthen the idea about XXX in the passage? 在這類(lèi)題型的復(fù)習(xí)中,最重要的是要定位準(zhǔn)確和理解文意。下面用一個(gè)具體的題目來(lái)說(shuō)明其解題過(guò)程。
     2例題解析
     Excerpt: The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years.
    Question: It can be inferred from the passage that the argument in favor of the model described in lines 37-45 would be strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?
     (A) Episodes of intense volcanic eruptions in the distant past occurred in cycles having very long periodicities.
     (B) At the present time the global level of thunderstorm activity increases and decreases in cycles with periodicities of approximately 11 years.
     (C) In the distant past cyclical climatic changes had periodicities of longer than 200 years.
     (D) In the last century the length of the sunspot cycle has been known to vary by as much as 2 years from its average periodicity of 11 years.
     (E) Hundreds of millions of years ago, solar-activity cycles displayed the same periodicities as do present-day solar-activity cycles.
     這是黃皮書(shū)130頁(yè)第九題,上面節(jié)選的內(nèi)容就是題干中所說(shuō)的lines 37-45,講的是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的第一個(gè)模型的作用原理。我們要做的是分析其文意,找出其所要說(shuō)明的中心內(nèi)容。
     “第一個(gè)(模型)假設(shè)由自轉(zhuǎn)和對(duì)流所引起的太陽(yáng)內(nèi)部的活動(dòng)與其巨大的磁場(chǎng)相互作用形成一個(gè)動(dòng)力機(jī)制,在這個(gè)機(jī)制中,機(jī)械能被轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)的能量。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō),就是太陽(yáng)的巨大磁場(chǎng)被用來(lái)進(jìn)行自我維持,所以,由其驅(qū)動(dòng)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年的時(shí)間里維持整體上維持極小的變動(dòng)?!边@短話一共有兩句,前一句是學(xué)術(shù)性的描述這種模型中太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的作用機(jī)制,后一句用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短易懂的說(shuō)法對(duì)前面的復(fù)雜說(shuō)法進(jìn)行概括,并在最后指明這種機(jī)制產(chǎn)生的影響和表現(xiàn)。
     在這個(gè)題目里,我們可以注意到兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的標(biāo)志詞in short和so that。眾所周知,in short的意思是“簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)來(lái)”,也就是說(shuō),后面說(shuō)的內(nèi)容本質(zhì)上和前面說(shuō)的是相同的,只是后面的更清晰易懂,所以,如果我們讀不懂前面的內(nèi)容,只要看到后面的內(nèi)容再重新審視和理解,問(wèn)題就不大了。而且,除非是細(xì)節(jié)題,否則可能很少會(huì)考到前面的復(fù)雜陳述。所以,看到in short,我們就可以把目光集中在后面的句子上了。再看so that,這個(gè)詞表示的是由前面的信息可以導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。
     所以,我們可以理清,這一段一共講了兩個(gè)內(nèi)容:第一,這種模型的作用機(jī)制;第二,這種作用機(jī)制帶來(lái)的結(jié)果(太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期變化極?。H缓笪覀儙е@兩個(gè)內(nèi)容去選項(xiàng)中辨析:A強(qiáng)調(diào)的是cycles having very long periodicities,但這和本段文字似乎關(guān)系不大;B說(shuō)的暴風(fēng)雨應(yīng)該是在講地球,但文段似乎沒(méi)有討論地球的問(wèn)題;C只是一共客觀陳述,沒(méi)能體現(xiàn)出“太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期變化很小”這個(gè)意思;D所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容和文段所討論的正好相反,說(shuō)的是“太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期變化很大”;E是正確答案,hundreds of millions of years 對(duì)應(yīng)于 billions of years,displayed the same periodicities as…對(duì)應(yīng)于maintained with little overall change。
     3. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)
     其實(shí)所有的閱讀題都是一樣,最重要的是理解文意,準(zhǔn)確把握主次、詳略、中心,幾乎所有的題目都離不開(kāi)這些內(nèi)容。在這里,還要強(qiáng)調(diào)一下標(biāo)志詞的作用,在上面這個(gè)題目中,標(biāo)志詞的重要性顯而易見(jiàn),可以讓我們少浪費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。并且,這些內(nèi)容在作文中也要注意,一定能為你的作文錦上添花。