1.個(gè)體組成團(tuán)體的關(guān)系
一個(gè)集合體的名詞和一個(gè)表示個(gè)體的名詞放在一起,由多個(gè)個(gè)體可以組成一個(gè)集合體,如choir和singer,cast和actor,orchestra和instrumentalist,flock和birds,school和fish,herd和cattle,soldier和army,colony和bacterium,armada和vehicle,fusillade和projectiles,barrage和explosives,gravel和pebble,nation和citizen.
有時(shí)需考慮這個(gè)個(gè)體在組成團(tuán)體時(shí)的規(guī)律性及團(tuán)體自身的特點(diǎn),如matrix和number只能對(duì)應(yīng)crystal和atom而不能對(duì)應(yīng)gas和molecule.再如tile組成mosaic,stitch組成sampler,還有array和number,formation和soldier.
2.人和其特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系
(1)人和其性格特點(diǎn)的正/反面關(guān)系
正面,如:zealot和fervor,altruist和self1essness,partisan和allegiance,diplomat和tact,inventor和ingenuity,coward和craven,dupe和credulous,acrobat和agility,boor和insensitive,loner和solitary,surgeon和dexterity,blowhard和boastfu1,toady和obsequious,supplicant和humility,adversary和resistance,recluse和withdrawn,bigot和biased,wag和humorous,dolt和stupid.
反面,如:maverick和conformity,stickler和approximation,purist和adulteration,heretic和orthodoxy,poseur和sincerity,recluse和gregariousness,coward和brave,philanthropist和selfish,neophyte和experience,boor和sensitivity,yokel和sophistication.
(2)人和其行為的正/反面關(guān)系
正面,如:proctor和supervise,prodigal和squander,conspirators和collusion,juggernaut和crush,quisling和betray,foragers和grazing,hunter和stalking,faultfinder和criticize,arbitrator和mediate,instigator和incite,bully和browbeat.
反面,如:extrovert和reserve,miser和spend.
有時(shí)需注意動(dòng)作的作用對(duì)象的區(qū)分,如ascetic和indu1ge只能對(duì)應(yīng)libertine和restrain而不能對(duì)應(yīng)benefactor和stint.
(3)人及其追求的目標(biāo):hedonist和pleasure,recluse和privacy,ascetic和self一control.
(4)人及其必然擁有的特點(diǎn):pundits和authoritativeness,expert和expertise,pest和irksome.
(5)人及其過(guò)分擁有的特點(diǎn):gourmand和appetite,miser和thrifty,chauvanist和patriotism,querulous和complain.
3.事物及其正/反面特點(diǎn)
正面:whim和capricious,fact和objective,synopsis和condensed,plant和herbaceous,trees和arborea1,orchestra和instrumenta1,labyrinth和tortuous,ornament和decorative,gadfly和annoying,stealth和furtive,caprice和whimsica1,bombast和pompous,tirade和critical.
反面:chance和inevitable,invention和insipid,imagination和prosaic,gaucherie和urbane,melodrama和subtlety,chimera和authenticity.
4.程度比較(一般說(shuō)來(lái),兩個(gè)單詞的詞性是相同的)
(1)形容詞的程度比較:一般比較簡(jiǎn)單,兩個(gè)單詞修飾同一個(gè)方面,但在程度上有所差異。如g1aring和bright,deafening和loud,minuscule和smal1,saturated和moist,obvious和perceptible,crucial和relevant,agog和interested,fanatic和devoted.但有時(shí)也比較復(fù)雜,如rapacious和covetous,prude和proper,paranoid和suspicious,ido1atrous和devoted,zealous和enthusiastic,stygian和dark,abysmal和1ow.
有時(shí)會(huì)夾雜褒貶類(lèi)比,如:attentive和officious,refined和snobbish,receptive和gullible,frugal和penurious,compliant和obsequious,talkative和garrulous,sweet和cloying,confident和arrogant.
(2)動(dòng)詞的程度類(lèi)比可分兩種:
一種是這個(gè)動(dòng)作在表示動(dòng)作主體的態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈程度上的差異,如:complain和carp,indulge和mollycoddle,instruct和goad,tend和fuss,reproach和upbraid,1ike和dote,suggest和urge;
另一種是動(dòng)作本身激烈程度或造成結(jié)果的強(qiáng)烈程度上的差異,如:drink和guzzle,embarrass和mortify,glimmer和dazzle,warm和sear,involve和entangle,trickle和gush,gnaw和nibble,quaff和sip,gobble和nibble,suffuse和tint,wander和amble,enrage和irk.
(3)名詞的程度比較,也可分為兩類(lèi)。
一類(lèi)是具體名詞的程度比較,也可以叫同類(lèi)物質(zhì)的大小的比較,如twig和1imb,pebb1e和boulder,quibble和objection,foible和flaw,figurine和colossus,storm和hurricane,fire和inferno,tiff和quarrel,minutiae和details,elapse和error,nuance和distinction,inkling和indication.
另一類(lèi)是抽象名詞的程度比較,兩者在態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈程度上或結(jié)果的嚴(yán)重程度上有差異,如:admonishment和castigation,irreverence和blasphemy,confusion和delirium,unconsciousness和coma,peccadillo和sin,ecstasy和pleasure,surprise和astonishment,pride和hubris.
5.直接修飾
一個(gè)adj和一個(gè)n放在一起,這個(gè)adj可以對(duì)這個(gè)n做出某些限定。如redolent和smel1,前者表示了后者的一種好的性狀,此類(lèi)關(guān)系中對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也應(yīng)是adj可對(duì)n進(jìn)行限定,并且此adj應(yīng)和題干中的adj的上下對(duì)應(yīng)很工整,如褒貶的對(duì)應(yīng),簡(jiǎn)單/復(fù)雜狀態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)等。所以做這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵是要大家對(duì)于這兩個(gè)adj有一種正確的感覺(jué)。如:1aconic和speech對(duì)應(yīng)austere和design,articulate和speech對(duì)應(yīng)graceful和movement,volatile和temper對(duì)應(yīng)ready和wit,frenetic和movement對(duì)應(yīng)fanatical和belief,fetid和smell對(duì)應(yīng)ug1y和appearance.
抽象名詞也可修飾名詞的特點(diǎn),如stridency和sound對(duì)應(yīng)garishness和appearance,此時(shí)抽象名詞的特點(diǎn)的上下對(duì)應(yīng)是找到答案的關(guān)鍵。
一個(gè)集合體的名詞和一個(gè)表示個(gè)體的名詞放在一起,由多個(gè)個(gè)體可以組成一個(gè)集合體,如choir和singer,cast和actor,orchestra和instrumentalist,flock和birds,school和fish,herd和cattle,soldier和army,colony和bacterium,armada和vehicle,fusillade和projectiles,barrage和explosives,gravel和pebble,nation和citizen.
有時(shí)需考慮這個(gè)個(gè)體在組成團(tuán)體時(shí)的規(guī)律性及團(tuán)體自身的特點(diǎn),如matrix和number只能對(duì)應(yīng)crystal和atom而不能對(duì)應(yīng)gas和molecule.再如tile組成mosaic,stitch組成sampler,還有array和number,formation和soldier.
2.人和其特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系
(1)人和其性格特點(diǎn)的正/反面關(guān)系
正面,如:zealot和fervor,altruist和self1essness,partisan和allegiance,diplomat和tact,inventor和ingenuity,coward和craven,dupe和credulous,acrobat和agility,boor和insensitive,loner和solitary,surgeon和dexterity,blowhard和boastfu1,toady和obsequious,supplicant和humility,adversary和resistance,recluse和withdrawn,bigot和biased,wag和humorous,dolt和stupid.
反面,如:maverick和conformity,stickler和approximation,purist和adulteration,heretic和orthodoxy,poseur和sincerity,recluse和gregariousness,coward和brave,philanthropist和selfish,neophyte和experience,boor和sensitivity,yokel和sophistication.
(2)人和其行為的正/反面關(guān)系
正面,如:proctor和supervise,prodigal和squander,conspirators和collusion,juggernaut和crush,quisling和betray,foragers和grazing,hunter和stalking,faultfinder和criticize,arbitrator和mediate,instigator和incite,bully和browbeat.
反面,如:extrovert和reserve,miser和spend.
有時(shí)需注意動(dòng)作的作用對(duì)象的區(qū)分,如ascetic和indu1ge只能對(duì)應(yīng)libertine和restrain而不能對(duì)應(yīng)benefactor和stint.
(3)人及其追求的目標(biāo):hedonist和pleasure,recluse和privacy,ascetic和self一control.
(4)人及其必然擁有的特點(diǎn):pundits和authoritativeness,expert和expertise,pest和irksome.
(5)人及其過(guò)分擁有的特點(diǎn):gourmand和appetite,miser和thrifty,chauvanist和patriotism,querulous和complain.
3.事物及其正/反面特點(diǎn)
正面:whim和capricious,fact和objective,synopsis和condensed,plant和herbaceous,trees和arborea1,orchestra和instrumenta1,labyrinth和tortuous,ornament和decorative,gadfly和annoying,stealth和furtive,caprice和whimsica1,bombast和pompous,tirade和critical.
反面:chance和inevitable,invention和insipid,imagination和prosaic,gaucherie和urbane,melodrama和subtlety,chimera和authenticity.
4.程度比較(一般說(shuō)來(lái),兩個(gè)單詞的詞性是相同的)
(1)形容詞的程度比較:一般比較簡(jiǎn)單,兩個(gè)單詞修飾同一個(gè)方面,但在程度上有所差異。如g1aring和bright,deafening和loud,minuscule和smal1,saturated和moist,obvious和perceptible,crucial和relevant,agog和interested,fanatic和devoted.但有時(shí)也比較復(fù)雜,如rapacious和covetous,prude和proper,paranoid和suspicious,ido1atrous和devoted,zealous和enthusiastic,stygian和dark,abysmal和1ow.
有時(shí)會(huì)夾雜褒貶類(lèi)比,如:attentive和officious,refined和snobbish,receptive和gullible,frugal和penurious,compliant和obsequious,talkative和garrulous,sweet和cloying,confident和arrogant.
(2)動(dòng)詞的程度類(lèi)比可分兩種:
一種是這個(gè)動(dòng)作在表示動(dòng)作主體的態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈程度上的差異,如:complain和carp,indulge和mollycoddle,instruct和goad,tend和fuss,reproach和upbraid,1ike和dote,suggest和urge;
另一種是動(dòng)作本身激烈程度或造成結(jié)果的強(qiáng)烈程度上的差異,如:drink和guzzle,embarrass和mortify,glimmer和dazzle,warm和sear,involve和entangle,trickle和gush,gnaw和nibble,quaff和sip,gobble和nibble,suffuse和tint,wander和amble,enrage和irk.
(3)名詞的程度比較,也可分為兩類(lèi)。
一類(lèi)是具體名詞的程度比較,也可以叫同類(lèi)物質(zhì)的大小的比較,如twig和1imb,pebb1e和boulder,quibble和objection,foible和flaw,figurine和colossus,storm和hurricane,fire和inferno,tiff和quarrel,minutiae和details,elapse和error,nuance和distinction,inkling和indication.
另一類(lèi)是抽象名詞的程度比較,兩者在態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈程度上或結(jié)果的嚴(yán)重程度上有差異,如:admonishment和castigation,irreverence和blasphemy,confusion和delirium,unconsciousness和coma,peccadillo和sin,ecstasy和pleasure,surprise和astonishment,pride和hubris.
5.直接修飾
一個(gè)adj和一個(gè)n放在一起,這個(gè)adj可以對(duì)這個(gè)n做出某些限定。如redolent和smel1,前者表示了后者的一種好的性狀,此類(lèi)關(guān)系中對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也應(yīng)是adj可對(duì)n進(jìn)行限定,并且此adj應(yīng)和題干中的adj的上下對(duì)應(yīng)很工整,如褒貶的對(duì)應(yīng),簡(jiǎn)單/復(fù)雜狀態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)等。所以做這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵是要大家對(duì)于這兩個(gè)adj有一種正確的感覺(jué)。如:1aconic和speech對(duì)應(yīng)austere和design,articulate和speech對(duì)應(yīng)graceful和movement,volatile和temper對(duì)應(yīng)ready和wit,frenetic和movement對(duì)應(yīng)fanatical和belief,fetid和smell對(duì)應(yīng)ug1y和appearance.
抽象名詞也可修飾名詞的特點(diǎn),如stridency和sound對(duì)應(yīng)garishness和appearance,此時(shí)抽象名詞的特點(diǎn)的上下對(duì)應(yīng)是找到答案的關(guān)鍵。