閱讀理解（第1~15題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇 Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
1. The main readers of medical journals are _____
A） the general public.
B）health professionals.
C） medical critics.
D）news reporters.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A） Many medical journals also publish online.
B） A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C） Most medical journals publish only online.
D） Most medical journals are specialty journals.
3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A） Five.
B） Seven.
C） Four.
D） Six.
4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called ______
A） a research article.
B） a review article.
C） a case report.
D） an editorial.
5. Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on ______
A） any medical event.
B） articles published in the same issue.
C） articles published in that journal.
D） medical development.
「正確答案」 1－5 BCABC
「答案解析」 1. B．分析：細節(jié)題。問題問及“醫(yī)療雜志的主要讀者”，借助題干中的main readers作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.（該句間接回答了問題——向內科醫(yī)生和其他健康專家提供醫(yī)療信息，所以答案是B.）
2. C．分析：細節(jié)題。發(fā)現(xiàn)被選項在內容上都是涉及到“醫(yī)療雜志的出版”，所以借助publish作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet（該句與A內容一致），and some journals publish only online．（該句直接與C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.（該句與B內容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.（該句與D內容一致）
3. A．分析：細節(jié)題。該題涉及到文章類型。注意文章中提及文章類型的句子。這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of ……Review articles summarize and analyze …… Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals. ……Editorials provide perspective on …… Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of ……
4. B．分析：細節(jié)題。利用題干中的核心結構different studies on the same topic作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．（該句說“綜述文章是在對醫(yī)學文獻進行了仔細的查詢后找出的有關某一具體主題的信息進行匯總和分析”）Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic （“對于同一主題的不同研究結果的匯總”在含義上與上句“綜述文章”的目的一致，因此判斷B是答案。）can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease．
5． C．分析：借助題干中的核心結構Letters to the editor和express comments on作為答案線索，這樣在文章最后部分找到答案相關句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.（該句內容直接回答了問題：對雜志上發(fā)表的文章進行評論，提出問題或提出批評意見。）
第二篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor company's abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.
General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.
Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about l,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.
“The bottom line is we don't believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market.”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday,“We feel we have given electric our best shot.”
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors'EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range of about 100 miles.
The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.
“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,”Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines“on vehicle emissions” in the US.
However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
6. What have the Ford motor company General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A） They have started to produce electric cars.
B） They have done extensive research on electric cars.
C） They have given up producing electric cars.
D） They have produced thousands of electric cars.
7. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars _____ .
A）will be the main transportation vehicles in the future
B）will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future
C）will be good to the environment in the future
D）will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future
8. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?
A）Toyota and Nissan
B）General Motor's and Honda
C）Ford and Toyota
D）Honda and Toyota
9. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars
A）offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.
B）run faster than petrol driven cars.
C）run more miles than petrol driven cars.
D）offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.
10. Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?
A）Low-emission cars should be banned.
B）Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.
C）The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.
D）The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.
「正確答案」 6-10 CBACD
「答案解析」 6．C 第一段第一個句子告訴我們福特汽車公司放棄了電動汽車，第二段說通用汽車公司和本田汽車公司停止生產電動汽車。
7．B 第四段第一個句子是Tim Holmes對電動汽車未來的評價，他認為未來的交通運輸?shù)拇蟊娛袌霾豢赡苁请妱悠嚒?BR> 8．A 答案的依據(jù)是第六段最后一句。
9．C 答案的依據(jù)是倒數(shù)第二段第二句。
10．D 答案的依據(jù)是文章的最后一句：the legislation will be written to allow for low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
第三篇 New U．S．Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases 一 the leading causes of death in the United States — and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,”the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement．
The causes are often behaviora — smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiatiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said．
The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks．轉自學易網 www.studyez.com
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
詞匯：
diabetes 糖尿病
behavioral adj．行為方面的
slate vt．預定，規(guī)劃
cervical adj．子宮頸的
colonoscopy n．結腸鏡檢查
initiative n．主動的行動，倡議
escalate vi．逐步上升；逐步增強
nutritionist n．營養(yǎng)學家
mammogram n．*x線照片
prostate adj．前列腺的
11. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A）They account for 70％ of all deaths.
B）They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C）They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D）They are largely preventable.
12. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT
A）better diet.
B）increased exercise.
C）reduction on smoking.
D）higher survival rate for cancer.
13. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean ______ .
A）greater responsibility of the government
B）much less money needed for disease treatment
C）higher costs of health care
D）more 1ifestyle choices for people
14. The $15 million program is aimed at ______ .
A）promoting disease prevention
B）building more sidewalks
C）helping needy communities
D）wiping out chronic diseases
15. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly ______ .
A）the death rates for all chronic diseases
B）the kinds of cancer attacking people
C）the cancer incidence rate
D）cancer death rate
「正確答案」
11-15 CDBAD
「答案解析」 11． C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70％的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會引發(fā)慢性病，而不是慢性病引發(fā)不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預防的。
12． D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三個選項。
13． B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費極高。適當投資于疾病的預防可以大大減少這種花費。
14． A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項目的主要目的是促進疾病的預防。
15． D 從文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌癥檢查有助于大大提高癌癥存活率，即大大降低癌癥死亡率。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇 Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
1. The main readers of medical journals are _____
A） the general public.
B）health professionals.
C） medical critics.
D）news reporters.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A） Many medical journals also publish online.
B） A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C） Most medical journals publish only online.
D） Most medical journals are specialty journals.
3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A） Five.
B） Seven.
C） Four.
D） Six.
4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called ______
A） a research article.
B） a review article.
C） a case report.
D） an editorial.
5. Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on ______
A） any medical event.
B） articles published in the same issue.
C） articles published in that journal.
D） medical development.
「正確答案」 1－5 BCABC
「答案解析」 1. B．分析：細節(jié)題。問題問及“醫(yī)療雜志的主要讀者”，借助題干中的main readers作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.（該句間接回答了問題——向內科醫(yī)生和其他健康專家提供醫(yī)療信息，所以答案是B.）
2. C．分析：細節(jié)題。發(fā)現(xiàn)被選項在內容上都是涉及到“醫(yī)療雜志的出版”，所以借助publish作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet（該句與A內容一致），and some journals publish only online．（該句直接與C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.（該句與B內容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.（該句與D內容一致）
3. A．分析：細節(jié)題。該題涉及到文章類型。注意文章中提及文章類型的句子。這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of ……Review articles summarize and analyze …… Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals. ……Editorials provide perspective on …… Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of ……
4. B．分析：細節(jié)題。利用題干中的核心結構different studies on the same topic作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．（該句說“綜述文章是在對醫(yī)學文獻進行了仔細的查詢后找出的有關某一具體主題的信息進行匯總和分析”）Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic （“對于同一主題的不同研究結果的匯總”在含義上與上句“綜述文章”的目的一致，因此判斷B是答案。）can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease．
5． C．分析：借助題干中的核心結構Letters to the editor和express comments on作為答案線索，這樣在文章最后部分找到答案相關句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.（該句內容直接回答了問題：對雜志上發(fā)表的文章進行評論，提出問題或提出批評意見。）
第二篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor company's abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.
General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.
Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about l,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.
“The bottom line is we don't believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market.”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday,“We feel we have given electric our best shot.”
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors'EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range of about 100 miles.
The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.
“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,”Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines“on vehicle emissions” in the US.
However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
6. What have the Ford motor company General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A） They have started to produce electric cars.
B） They have done extensive research on electric cars.
C） They have given up producing electric cars.
D） They have produced thousands of electric cars.
7. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars _____ .
A）will be the main transportation vehicles in the future
B）will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future
C）will be good to the environment in the future
D）will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future
8. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?
A）Toyota and Nissan
B）General Motor's and Honda
C）Ford and Toyota
D）Honda and Toyota
9. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars
A）offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.
B）run faster than petrol driven cars.
C）run more miles than petrol driven cars.
D）offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.
10. Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?
A）Low-emission cars should be banned.
B）Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.
C）The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.
D）The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.
「正確答案」 6-10 CBACD
「答案解析」 6．C 第一段第一個句子告訴我們福特汽車公司放棄了電動汽車，第二段說通用汽車公司和本田汽車公司停止生產電動汽車。
7．B 第四段第一個句子是Tim Holmes對電動汽車未來的評價，他認為未來的交通運輸?shù)拇蟊娛袌霾豢赡苁请妱悠嚒?BR> 8．A 答案的依據(jù)是第六段最后一句。
9．C 答案的依據(jù)是倒數(shù)第二段第二句。
10．D 答案的依據(jù)是文章的最后一句：the legislation will be written to allow for low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
第三篇 New U．S．Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases 一 the leading causes of death in the United States — and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,”the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement．
The causes are often behaviora — smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiatiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said．
The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks．轉自學易網 www.studyez.com
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
詞匯：
diabetes 糖尿病
behavioral adj．行為方面的
slate vt．預定，規(guī)劃
cervical adj．子宮頸的
colonoscopy n．結腸鏡檢查
initiative n．主動的行動，倡議
escalate vi．逐步上升；逐步增強
nutritionist n．營養(yǎng)學家
mammogram n．*x線照片
prostate adj．前列腺的
11. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A）They account for 70％ of all deaths.
B）They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C）They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D）They are largely preventable.
12. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT
A）better diet.
B）increased exercise.
C）reduction on smoking.
D）higher survival rate for cancer.
13. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean ______ .
A）greater responsibility of the government
B）much less money needed for disease treatment
C）higher costs of health care
D）more 1ifestyle choices for people
14. The $15 million program is aimed at ______ .
A）promoting disease prevention
B）building more sidewalks
C）helping needy communities
D）wiping out chronic diseases
15. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly ______ .
A）the death rates for all chronic diseases
B）the kinds of cancer attacking people
C）the cancer incidence rate
D）cancer death rate
「正確答案」
11-15 CDBAD
「答案解析」 11． C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70％的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會引發(fā)慢性病，而不是慢性病引發(fā)不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預防的。
12． D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三個選項。
13． B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費極高。適當投資于疾病的預防可以大大減少這種花費。
14． A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項目的主要目的是促進疾病的預防。
15． D 從文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌癥檢查有助于大大提高癌癥存活率，即大大降低癌癥死亡率。