六、信用證的類型(考試重點(diǎn))
信用證根據(jù)環(huán)境可分為許多種類型，一種信用證同時(shí)可能有不同的特征。
1. Documentary Credits vs. Clean Credits 跟單信用證與光票信用證
英文原文：If shipping documents are required, these credits are called documentary credits. If shipping documents are not required and only drafts are required, they are called clean credits.
注釋：documentary credit: 跟單信用證 clean credit: 光票信用證
中文意思：如果信用證附帶有裝運(yùn)單據(jù)，則稱為跟單信用證。如果信用證不附帶單據(jù)僅附帶匯票，則稱為光票信用證。
2. Irrevocable Documentary Credits 不可撤銷信用證
英文原文：Irrevocable credits means that once the L/C is opened, it cannot be cancelled or amended within its term of validity without the agreement of the issuing bank, the confirming bank, if any, and the beneficiary.
注釋：irrevocable: 不能撤銷的, 不能恢復(fù)的 once: 一旦 term of validity: 有效期 agreement: 同意
中文意思：不可撤銷信用證是指信用證一旦開立，在有效期內(nèi)未經(jīng)開證行，保兌行以及受益人的同意不得撤銷和更改的信用證。
3. Confirmed vs. Unconfirmed Credits 保兌信用證與不保兌信用證
英文原文：Under irrevocable documentary credits, depending on whether there is another bank in addition to that of the issuing bank undertaking to pay, an irrevocable letter of credit can be either a confirmed or unconfirmed L/C. If a credit is not confirmed by another bank, it is an unconfirmed L/C.
注釋：confirmed credit: 保兌信用證 unconfirmed credit: 不保兌信用證 depend on: 依賴，取決于 in addition to: 除…之外 undertake to do: 承擔(dān)，承諾 either…or…: 不是...就是…, …或...
中文意思：不可撤銷信用證是否為保兌信用證，取決于是否存在除了開證行以外的另外一家銀行也承諾付款，不可撤銷信用證可以是保兌或者不保兌信用證。如果信用證無(wú)其他銀行保兌，則它是不保兌信用證。
英文原文： The undertaking to pay is the sole responsibility of the issuing bank. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms and conditions of the credit are met.
注釋：sole: 的 contain: 包含，容納 guarantee: 保證，擔(dān)保，擔(dān)保書 so long as: 只要 met (meet的過(guò)去分詞)：滿足
中文意思：開證行的責(zé)任是付款。不可撤銷保兌信用證即只要滿足了信用證條款的要求，開證行和保兌行都可擔(dān)保向受益人履行付款義務(wù)。
4. Sight Credits vs. Time Credits 即期信用證與遠(yuǎn)期信用證
1)即期信用證
英文原文：Sight credits mean that the issuing bank or its nominated bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the stipulations of the L/C, such as a sight payment credit and sight negotiation credit.
注釋：effect payment: 履行付款, 支付款項(xiàng) effect negotiation: 進(jìn)行議付 upon receipt of: 一旦收到(on receipt of: 當(dāng)收到…的時(shí)候)in conformity with: 和…一致，和…符合 stipulations: (復(fù)數(shù))條款，條件 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 sight negotiation credit: 即期議付信用證
中文意思：即期信用證是指開證行或者其他指定銀行一旦收到與信用證條款相符的匯票或者其他單據(jù)后立即履行付款義務(wù)或進(jìn)行議付的信用證，比如即期付款信用證和即期議付信用證
2) 遠(yuǎn)期信用證
英文原文：A time credit includes the seller’s time credits (deferred payment credits and acceptance credits) and the buyer’s time credits.
注釋：seller’s time credit: 賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 deferred payment credit: 延期付款信用證(deferred:延期的，延緩的)acceptance credit: 承兌信用證 buyer’s time credit: 買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證
中文意思：遠(yuǎn)期信用證包括賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證(延期付款信用證和承兌信用證)和買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證
5. 其他類型信用證
英文原文：Additionally, there are also payment credits (sight payment credit and deferred payment credits), acceptance credits, negotiation credits, anticipatory credits, revolving credits, transferable credits, back-to-back credits, and so on.
注釋：payment credit: 付款信用證 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 negotiation credit：議付信用證 anticipatory credit: 預(yù)支信用證 (anticipatory: 預(yù)期的，先行的) revolving credit: 循環(huán)信用證 transferable credit: 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 back-to-back credit: 背對(duì)背信用證
中文意思：此外，信用證的其他類型還有付款信用證(即期付款信用證和延期付款信用證)，承兌信用證，議付信用證，預(yù)支信用證，循環(huán)信用證，可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，背對(duì)背信用證等等。
信用證根據(jù)環(huán)境可分為許多種類型，一種信用證同時(shí)可能有不同的特征。
1. Documentary Credits vs. Clean Credits 跟單信用證與光票信用證
英文原文：If shipping documents are required, these credits are called documentary credits. If shipping documents are not required and only drafts are required, they are called clean credits.
注釋：documentary credit: 跟單信用證 clean credit: 光票信用證
中文意思：如果信用證附帶有裝運(yùn)單據(jù)，則稱為跟單信用證。如果信用證不附帶單據(jù)僅附帶匯票，則稱為光票信用證。
2. Irrevocable Documentary Credits 不可撤銷信用證
英文原文：Irrevocable credits means that once the L/C is opened, it cannot be cancelled or amended within its term of validity without the agreement of the issuing bank, the confirming bank, if any, and the beneficiary.
注釋：irrevocable: 不能撤銷的, 不能恢復(fù)的 once: 一旦 term of validity: 有效期 agreement: 同意
中文意思：不可撤銷信用證是指信用證一旦開立，在有效期內(nèi)未經(jīng)開證行，保兌行以及受益人的同意不得撤銷和更改的信用證。
3. Confirmed vs. Unconfirmed Credits 保兌信用證與不保兌信用證
英文原文：Under irrevocable documentary credits, depending on whether there is another bank in addition to that of the issuing bank undertaking to pay, an irrevocable letter of credit can be either a confirmed or unconfirmed L/C. If a credit is not confirmed by another bank, it is an unconfirmed L/C.
注釋：confirmed credit: 保兌信用證 unconfirmed credit: 不保兌信用證 depend on: 依賴，取決于 in addition to: 除…之外 undertake to do: 承擔(dān)，承諾 either…or…: 不是...就是…, …或...
中文意思：不可撤銷信用證是否為保兌信用證，取決于是否存在除了開證行以外的另外一家銀行也承諾付款，不可撤銷信用證可以是保兌或者不保兌信用證。如果信用證無(wú)其他銀行保兌，則它是不保兌信用證。
英文原文： The undertaking to pay is the sole responsibility of the issuing bank. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms and conditions of the credit are met.
注釋：sole: 的 contain: 包含，容納 guarantee: 保證，擔(dān)保，擔(dān)保書 so long as: 只要 met (meet的過(guò)去分詞)：滿足
中文意思：開證行的責(zé)任是付款。不可撤銷保兌信用證即只要滿足了信用證條款的要求，開證行和保兌行都可擔(dān)保向受益人履行付款義務(wù)。
4. Sight Credits vs. Time Credits 即期信用證與遠(yuǎn)期信用證
1)即期信用證
英文原文：Sight credits mean that the issuing bank or its nominated bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the stipulations of the L/C, such as a sight payment credit and sight negotiation credit.
注釋：effect payment: 履行付款, 支付款項(xiàng) effect negotiation: 進(jìn)行議付 upon receipt of: 一旦收到(on receipt of: 當(dāng)收到…的時(shí)候)in conformity with: 和…一致，和…符合 stipulations: (復(fù)數(shù))條款，條件 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 sight negotiation credit: 即期議付信用證
中文意思：即期信用證是指開證行或者其他指定銀行一旦收到與信用證條款相符的匯票或者其他單據(jù)后立即履行付款義務(wù)或進(jìn)行議付的信用證，比如即期付款信用證和即期議付信用證
2) 遠(yuǎn)期信用證
英文原文：A time credit includes the seller’s time credits (deferred payment credits and acceptance credits) and the buyer’s time credits.
注釋：seller’s time credit: 賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 deferred payment credit: 延期付款信用證(deferred:延期的，延緩的)acceptance credit: 承兌信用證 buyer’s time credit: 買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證
中文意思：遠(yuǎn)期信用證包括賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證(延期付款信用證和承兌信用證)和買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證
5. 其他類型信用證
英文原文：Additionally, there are also payment credits (sight payment credit and deferred payment credits), acceptance credits, negotiation credits, anticipatory credits, revolving credits, transferable credits, back-to-back credits, and so on.
注釋：payment credit: 付款信用證 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 negotiation credit：議付信用證 anticipatory credit: 預(yù)支信用證 (anticipatory: 預(yù)期的，先行的) revolving credit: 循環(huán)信用證 transferable credit: 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 back-to-back credit: 背對(duì)背信用證
中文意思：此外，信用證的其他類型還有付款信用證(即期付款信用證和延期付款信用證)，承兌信用證，議付信用證，預(yù)支信用證，循環(huán)信用證，可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，背對(duì)背信用證等等。