2、四種類型海洋運輸服務(wù)的具體介紹
1) Conference Lines 班輪公會運輸 (考試重點)
英文原文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會 group: 團體，集團 shipping lines: 班輪運輸 operating: 運行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費率表 fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 中文意思：班輪公會是按預定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費率表、固定的港。
英文原文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運價競爭 member lines: 會員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競爭 capture:獲得，爭取 traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠，忠實(loyalty arrangements: 忠誠協(xié)議) shipper:托運人
中文意思：班輪運輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝T公司之間在運價上的競爭，通過與托運人之間達成的忠誠協(xié)議為會員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。
對于托運人來說班輪公會運輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(兩點)：
a) Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運費率 (注釋：stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
b) Regularity of services. 定期的運輸服務(wù) (注釋：regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
班輪公會運輸?shù)娜秉c(三點)：
a) Rates are usually high. 費率一般很高
b) Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費率不會像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動。(注釋：fluctuate:變化，變動;supply and demand:供求)
c) Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序，手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)
1) Conference Lines 班輪公會運輸 (考試重點)
英文原文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會 group: 團體，集團 shipping lines: 班輪運輸 operating: 運行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費率表 fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 中文意思：班輪公會是按預定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費率表、固定的港。
英文原文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運價競爭 member lines: 會員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競爭 capture:獲得，爭取 traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠，忠實(loyalty arrangements: 忠誠協(xié)議) shipper:托運人
中文意思：班輪運輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝T公司之間在運價上的競爭，通過與托運人之間達成的忠誠協(xié)議為會員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。
對于托運人來說班輪公會運輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(兩點)：
a) Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運費率 (注釋：stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
b) Regularity of services. 定期的運輸服務(wù) (注釋：regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
班輪公會運輸?shù)娜秉c(三點)：
a) Rates are usually high. 費率一般很高
b) Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費率不會像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動。(注釋：fluctuate:變化，變動;supply and demand:供求)
c) Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序，手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)