內(nèi)容提要
代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞，它們?cè)诰渥又谐袚?dān)不同的功用。
人稱代詞
一、主格人稱代詞有I，we，you，he，she，they，it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的代詞。
二、賓格人稱代詞有me，us，you，him，her，them，it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)（含介詞賓語(yǔ)）的代詞。
三、同步練習(xí)
1）Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.
2）Legends often contain an element [A] of fact，but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.
3）Unlike [A] road vehicles，Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.
4）Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.
5）Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton，but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces，hands [D] ，and shoulders？
四、例題解析
1）C錯(cuò)。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he。
2）C錯(cuò)。 改為they are。C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。
3）D錯(cuò)。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為travel。
4）A錯(cuò)。改為me。
5）A錯(cuò)。改為賓格us，因?yàn)榍懊媸墙樵~of，us作其賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格。
物主代詞
一、表示人的物主代詞用my，our，your，his，her和their，指無(wú)生命的東西用its（但指國(guó)家時(shí)一般用she或her），它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)
二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(yǔ)（It's theirs）、主語(yǔ)（Mine is there）、賓語(yǔ)（I don't like hers），與of連用可以作定語(yǔ)（the food of theirs）。
三、同步練習(xí)
1）A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.
2）Crude rubber is an [A] elastic（有彈性的）solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index（折射率）of 1.591，though it [B] composition varies with different latexes（橡漿）as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.
3）Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.
四、例題解析
1）A錯(cuò)。改為his.
2）B錯(cuò)。改為its.
3）D錯(cuò)。改為their.
反身代詞
一、反身代詞有myself，ourselves，yourselves，himself，herself，themselves，itself.主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)為同一人或物時(shí)，要用反身代詞（否則就不能用反身代詞），反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞（主格）后面（也可放在句尾）起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
1）All [A] the scouts（童子軍）got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.
2）Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.
3）Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.
4）The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.
5）Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland，Ohio，the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.
6）Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration，the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.
7）When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister，he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .
二、例題解析
1）B錯(cuò)。改為themselves.
2）B錯(cuò)。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語(yǔ)that卻指代shells，也就是說(shuō)“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them。
3）C錯(cuò)。本句的主語(yǔ)為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker（在這里它作aptitude的定語(yǔ)），而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him。
4）D錯(cuò)。改為to him.動(dòng)詞“presented”的（邏輯）主語(yǔ)是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語(yǔ)“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。
5）B錯(cuò)。改為him.同上。
6）A錯(cuò)。此處的them指主語(yǔ)plants，rid是及物動(dòng)詞，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves。
7）D錯(cuò)。 改為for himself。
代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞，它們?cè)诰渥又谐袚?dān)不同的功用。
人稱代詞
一、主格人稱代詞有I，we，you，he，she，they，it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的代詞。
二、賓格人稱代詞有me，us，you，him，her，them，it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)（含介詞賓語(yǔ)）的代詞。
三、同步練習(xí)
1）Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.
2）Legends often contain an element [A] of fact，but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.
3）Unlike [A] road vehicles，Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.
4）Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.
5）Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton，but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces，hands [D] ，and shoulders？
四、例題解析
1）C錯(cuò)。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he。
2）C錯(cuò)。 改為they are。C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。
3）D錯(cuò)。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為travel。
4）A錯(cuò)。改為me。
5）A錯(cuò)。改為賓格us，因?yàn)榍懊媸墙樵~of，us作其賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格。
物主代詞
一、表示人的物主代詞用my，our，your，his，her和their，指無(wú)生命的東西用its（但指國(guó)家時(shí)一般用she或her），它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)
二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(yǔ)（It's theirs）、主語(yǔ)（Mine is there）、賓語(yǔ)（I don't like hers），與of連用可以作定語(yǔ)（the food of theirs）。
三、同步練習(xí)
1）A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.
2）Crude rubber is an [A] elastic（有彈性的）solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index（折射率）of 1.591，though it [B] composition varies with different latexes（橡漿）as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.
3）Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.
四、例題解析
1）A錯(cuò)。改為his.
2）B錯(cuò)。改為its.
3）D錯(cuò)。改為their.
反身代詞
一、反身代詞有myself，ourselves，yourselves，himself，herself，themselves，itself.主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)為同一人或物時(shí)，要用反身代詞（否則就不能用反身代詞），反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞（主格）后面（也可放在句尾）起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
1）All [A] the scouts（童子軍）got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.
2）Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.
3）Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.
4）The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.
5）Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland，Ohio，the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.
6）Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration，the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.
7）When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister，he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .
二、例題解析
1）B錯(cuò)。改為themselves.
2）B錯(cuò)。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語(yǔ)that卻指代shells，也就是說(shuō)“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them。
3）C錯(cuò)。本句的主語(yǔ)為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker（在這里它作aptitude的定語(yǔ)），而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him。
4）D錯(cuò)。改為to him.動(dòng)詞“presented”的（邏輯）主語(yǔ)是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語(yǔ)“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。
5）B錯(cuò)。改為him.同上。
6）A錯(cuò)。此處的them指主語(yǔ)plants，rid是及物動(dòng)詞，由于主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves。
7）D錯(cuò)。 改為for himself。