2011考研英語寫作高分秘籍 結構科學 內容充實

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2011年考研臨近,考研教育專家根據(jù)2011年考研寫作的命題要求,特別整理了寫作高分秘籍與大家分享,希望能在最后的時間里幫助大家限度的提高寫作能力!
    第二篇 結構科學 內容充實
    2.1 考研寫作應對對策Ⅱ:結構——注意邏輯
    2.2 三段分別覆蓋情況:
    首段三種:圖畫描述、現(xiàn)象描述、寓意象征(可以在第二段)
    中心段三種:原因分析、利弊分析、舉例說明
    尾段三種:判斷評論
    2.3 詳細解析
    2.3.1 圖畫描述
    四句:第一句對畫面的簡單概括,第二三句描寫畫面內容,最后一句點明中心,即象征或寓意(這句也可以放在第二段第一句:承上啟下)
    圖畫描述段的首尾句常用有:
    (1)
    A:一幅圖首句:
    ※This is an interesting and thought-provoking picture.(extraordinary /meaningful)
    ※ As is shown in the picture, (depicted/conveyed/drawn/illustrated)
    ※ The picture shocks us beyond description.(reveals only the tip of an ugly iceberg.用于反面意義圖畫)
    B:一幅圖尾句
    ※ The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound:揭示中心(drawing/photo)
    ※ It is obvious that…揭示中心
    ※ Obviously… 揭示中心
    (2)
    A:兩幅圖首句
    ※ The two pictures are interesting and thought-provoking.(extraordinary/meaningful)
    ※ As is shown in the first picture. 第一幅圖描述 whereas the second picture depicts…第二幅圖描述(depicted/conveyed/drawn)
    ※ As depicted in the pictures…第一幅圖描述 and 第二幅圖描述
    ※ As we can see from the first picture…第一幅描述,in the second picture,however…第二幅圖描述
    ※ The two pictures reveal a not uncommon phenomenon that…總結畫面圖像
    B:兩幅圖尾句
    ※ Comparing the two pictures,we can conclude that…揭示中心
    ※ The meaning conveyed by the pictures is clear but profound:揭示中心(drawing/photo)
    ※ It is obvious that…揭示中心
    ※ Obviously…揭示中心
    ※ It is not difficult to conclude the symbolic meaning of the pictures…揭示中心
    2.3.2 現(xiàn)象簡介
    四句:第一句是對相關現(xiàn)狀的概括介紹,第二三句進一步細節(jié)介紹,最后一句點明主題,可能帶來的后果。
    現(xiàn)象簡介段常用首尾句:
    A:首句(開門見山說現(xiàn)象)
    It is really common that .……介紹現(xiàn)象(有圖說圖,沒圖說事)
    It is not uncommon that.……介紹現(xiàn)象(有圖說圖,沒圖說事)
    The drawing reflects the common phenomenon of…名詞性現(xiàn)象描述
    Recently,there has been a growing concern among the public over the issue/phenomenon that…介紹現(xiàn)象(有圖說圖,沒圖說事)(Today/Nowadays)
    Lately,the discussion of…(現(xiàn)象)has aroused nationwide attention among the public.
    B;尾句
    The meaning conveyed by the phenomenon is clear but profound :揭示中心…(revealed/implied)
    The profound implication of the phenomenon is that…揭示中心
    Therefore,it is obvious that…揭示中心
    Obviously…揭示中心
    2.3.3 寓意象征
    四句:第一句對畫面的簡要評價,第二三句對畫面簡單描述,第四句得出結論,揭示主題。
    如果出現(xiàn)在第二段就在第二三句進行拓展。
    寓意象征段常用首尾句
    A:首句
    As can be seen form the picture,the drawer tells us that…說出畫面的寓意(cartoon/photo)
    What the picture illustrates is a profound topic in our daily life which often causes our concern…說出畫面的寓意
    It is not a difficult job for us to make clear the meaning of the picture…說出寓意
    B;尾句
    Therefore,…說出深層寓意(廣泛的)
    The majority of people would agree that…你的結論。
    2.3.4 原因分析
    四到六句:第一句闡述中心說明有多種原因,第二三句列舉原因(并列的原因,注意連接),第四局本段結論(強調已列舉的原因及產生的結果——過渡作用)。
    原因分析段框架示例:
    There are a variety of reasons for the phenomenon. For one thing…舉一個原因。For
    Another,…另一個原因。(as a result,…結論。)
    Why does this phenomenon appear?I think there are several possible reasons for this.
    First and formost,…舉一個原因:furthermore,…另一個原因:last but not least,…最
    后一個原因。
    其他首句還有:
    I have three reason for my conclusion//predicition/assumption.
    To the best of my knowledge,the following reasons may contribute to this phenomenon.
    As far as I am concerned,several reasons can be identified.
    其他列舉原因還可用:
    The main reson for the phenomenon is that…舉一個最重要典型的原因:another major reason is due to…另一個原因(注意用名詞性短語結構)
    In the first place,…Secondly,…Finally,…
    The first reason is…,and the second one is…
    Not only because…,but also because…
    2.3.5 利弊分析
    一定有利有弊
    六句:第一句總結說有利有弊(一定不要用Every coin has two sides.俗?。旱诙鋵憙?yōu)勢以及拓展推導:第四五句寫劣勢以及拓展推導:第六句寫利弊相當或利大于弊或弊大于利。
    利弊分析段框架示例
    We can easily recognize the both sides of the phenomenon.The advantages can be concluded as follows.To begin with,…第一個優(yōu)勢:moreover,…第二個優(yōu)勢:However,there are also
    drawbacks to the phenomenon.For one thing,…第一個劣勢:for another,…第二個劣勢。
    It is not a difficult job to be aware of the attractions and the shortcomings of the phenomenon.
    On the one hand,…列舉優(yōu)點。On the other hand,…列舉缺點。
    其他可用的過渡方式:
    For all the advantages mentioned above,…討論主題 is by to no means without any limitations,as listed below.For one thing,…劣勢一,for another,劣勢二。
    For my part,I maintain that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
    In spite of the situation of…討論主題,its weaknesses are insignificant compared with its
    Strengths.
    2.3.6 舉例說明
    注意切題(油燈)
    六句:第一句說明中心與現(xiàn)實的關系,即寓意和例子的關系(過渡)「中心思想和生活的緊密聯(lián)系」。第二三句一個例子及其相關拓展(例子和其后果),第四五句又一個例子及其相關擴展,第六句給出本段結論(說明已舉例和中心的關系)「***本段第一句和最后一句要相互呼應」
    舉例說明段框架示例:
    As an example of 主題,。……說出事例。另一事例 also provides us with a good illustration.Obviously,…結論。
    It is not hard to find proper examples in our daily life .Firstly,……舉例。Besides, ,……再舉一例。Therefore,the phenomenon has been so common that we have to take actions to shift the situation.(最后一句用于尾段是提建議時)
    When it comes to the phenomenon,……一個例子must be concemed here.It also comes to me that……另一事例。
    Take …as an example.
    2.3.7判斷評論
    容易操作,說出自己的看法。好的現(xiàn)象要發(fā)揚光大,不好的現(xiàn)象給出改進建議。
    三句:第一句給出承上啟下的總結(中心強調),第二句自己觀點(注意觀點一定要與前面提到的一致,不要再提出任何新的觀點或看法),第三句強調自己觀點的合理性(only倒裝句的使用)。
    判斷評論段的首句選擇:
    To the best of my undertanding,it is advisable that we take a rational attitude towards this issue.(positive、dialectical)
    For my part ,I believe that ……說自己看法。
    It goes without saying that ……說上文結論。My point of view is that……說自己觀點。
    2.3.8問題建議
    相關人士應該做的事。
    三句(尾段):第一句點明存在的問題,第二句給出建議及帶來的好的結果,第三段給出本段結論(對自己的解決方案的評價:用only倒裝句顯示其價值和強調)。
    問題建議段框架示例:
    For my part,it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one thing,……建議一。For another,……建議二。Only in this way can way……建議實施后的結果。
    Indeed,上面提到的結論。As far as I am concerned,we should work out concrete solution to problem of ……問題或現(xiàn)狀。For instance,建議。Only by doing this can way……建議實施后的結果。
    In order to …目標,there are some suggestions available.In the first place ,…建議一。Moreover …建議一。Only in this way can way……建議實施后的結果。
    Accordingly ,it is the high time that we placed great emphasis on this phenomenon.(一定用過去時)。
    2.3.9個人選擇
    三句:第一句點明自己選擇,第二句說明選擇原因,第三句聲明其優(yōu)勢作總結。
    切忌在觀點上搖晃,如果需要偏向某一觀點就一貫堅持本觀點:如果是兩觀點對比就不要顯示偏向;如果是兩觀點選其一就在選擇后不再動搖。
    個人選擇常用首句:
    In my opinion …自己的選擇is my favor.
    As for me,I prefer…選擇的to…未選的。
    All in all ,I would say that …選擇的get my approval.
    2.3.10現(xiàn)實運用
    通過寄予希望,號召做結尾。
    三句:第一句點明其價值,第二句列舉其運用或現(xiàn)實中啟示,第三句給出運用后的預期效果(展望、號召、希望)。
    現(xiàn)實運用常用首句:
    Indeed,there is a widespread concern over …說現(xiàn)實。
    As the public awareness of … 現(xiàn)實 heightens,people will try hard to change the situation.
    Now an increasing number of people come to realize that…說實話。
    常用表示展望的句型:
    Only by doing this a harmonious relationship will not be contrary to our expectations.(用在描述兩者關系時)
    We should be confident in our expectation of a bright future in this area.(用在期待某事有所改善時)
    A better situation is not going to be far from us.
    2.4考研寫作最實用論證方法總結:
    因果式:圖畫描述——原因分析——解決建議
    例證式:現(xiàn)象描述——舉例說明——判斷評論
    類比式/對比式:描述——利弊分析——判斷評論