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11年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試全真預(yù)測(cè)試卷：仔細(xì)閱讀
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
[A]designed[F]convenience[K]cosmetics
[B]take[G]services[L]started
[C]heart[H]fame[M]downtown
[D]needed[I]various[N]available
[E]though[J]popularity[O]cheapness
Section A
【全文翻譯】
在20世紀(jì)最后四分之一期間，美國(guó)的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣發(fā)生了重大變化。20世紀(jì)初期，美國(guó)大部分的城市和城鎮(zhèn)都有一個(gè)往往作為城鎮(zhèn)中心的主要街道。街道兩旁排列著許多各種各樣的商店。在這里，顧客們步入商店，搜尋各種各樣的商品：衣服、家具、五金和雜貨。另外，有些商店還提供服務(wù)。這里的商店有藥店、餐館、修鞋店和理發(fā)店。但是，二十世紀(jì)五十年代開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了一種變化：主街道涌入了太多的汽車(chē)，卻沒(méi)有顧客停車(chē)的地方。由于街道變得擁擠不堪，商人們便開(kāi)始格外注意城市界限之外的開(kāi)闊地。開(kāi)闊地是駕車(chē)的顧客所需要的，也是商人們建設(shè)首個(gè)購(gòu)物中心時(shí)所考慮的。購(gòu)物中心，或者說(shuō)是購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)，開(kāi)始在擁擠的城市中心之外建起許多小型的新商店。受許多免費(fèi)停車(chē)場(chǎng)的吸引，顧客們被從市區(qū)吸引到郊區(qū)的購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)。購(gòu)物中心變得越來(lái)越流行，轉(zhuǎn)而建立起更大更好的商店。二十世紀(jì)七十年代后期，許多購(gòu)物中心幾乎發(fā)展成了小城市。除了提供停車(chē)購(gòu)物的便利之外，購(gòu)物中心也變成了景觀公園，擁有坐椅、噴泉和戶外娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。
【答案解析】
47.【解析】[C]本句意為主大街通常是一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的中心。根據(jù)下文停車(chē)?yán)щy也可知應(yīng)該為“中心”heart。
48.【解析】[I]這條街道排成一列，街道兩邊都是各式各樣的商店。various 意為“不同的、各種各樣的”。
49.【解析】[G]另外，一些商店還提供服務(wù)。提供服務(wù)可用固定的搭配 offer services。
50.【解析】[B]所填詞只有take 才能與后面的詞place搭配，take place 為固定詞組，意為“發(fā)生”。But in the 1950s, a change began to take place 意為20世紀(jì)50年代開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化。
51.【解析】[N]主街道充斥著太多的汽車(chē)，卻沒(méi)有地方給顧客停車(chē)。available 意為“可用到的、可利用的”，這里指沒(méi)有可用的地方給顧客停車(chē)。
52【解析】[D]本句意為空曠的空間是開(kāi)車(chē)的顧客所需要的，故用needed。
53.【解析】[L]Shopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 遠(yuǎn)離擁擠的城市中心很多小型的新商場(chǎng)聚集在一起構(gòu)成了大規(guī)模購(gòu)物中心。start 在此處是開(kāi)業(yè)的意思。
54.【解析】[M]customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顧客們被從市中心區(qū)吸引到郊區(qū)的購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)。市中心區(qū)即用downtown 一詞。
55.【解析】[J]購(gòu)物中心越來(lái)越流行，popularity即普及、流行之意。
56.【解析】[F]購(gòu)物中心除了提供停車(chē)的便利之外，還提供其他服務(wù)。提供便利即用 provide convenience。
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A]All international managers can learn culture.
[B]Business diversity is not necessary.
[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.
58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.
[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around
[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s
[C]shows the reverse of globalization
[D]has converged cultural differences
59.The two schools of thought.
[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
[D]both A and B
60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.
[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture
[C]who want to travel abroad
[D]who want to run business on International Scale
61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.
[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
[B]all have the quality of patience
[C]will follow the overseas local cultures
[D]adopt the policy of internationalization
Section B
Passage One
【全文翻譯】
文化是國(guó)際商業(yè)中是挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。作為一種體系，文化具有既定社會(huì)成員習(xí)得性行為模式的特點(diǎn)，不斷受到一些動(dòng)態(tài)變量的塑造，如：語(yǔ)言、宗教信仰、價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度、行為方式和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、美學(xué)、科技、教育和社會(huì)制度。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一體系，一個(gè)國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要了解文化知識(shí)并對(duì)此作出詮釋。在某種程度上，文化知識(shí)可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)獲得，但對(duì)文化的詮釋只能通過(guò)實(shí)踐獲得。
應(yīng)對(duì)文化環(huán)境最復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題源于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：人生在文化中但卻不能學(xué)習(xí)文化。關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)文化的多樣性，商界中存在兩種觀點(diǎn)。一種認(rèn)為，商業(yè)是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald)的模式。在某些情況下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差異仍然難以趨同。
另外一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須調(diào)整其策略以適應(yīng)特別的文化。在各個(gè)國(guó)家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是以接受或排斥為中心。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是要確認(rèn)排斥不是由文化近視或者盲目所引起的。
財(cái)富(Fortune)對(duì)十二個(gè)海外收入占其總收入20%或更多的大公司的國(guó)際業(yè)績(jī)進(jìn)行了研究。成功的國(guó)際公司都有一個(gè)重要的特征：耐心。它們不是冒失地闖入而是遵循最基本的商業(yè)原則認(rèn)真地營(yíng)造自己的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。這些原則就是了解對(duì)手、了解觀眾以及了解顧客。
【答案解析】
57.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“在商業(yè)中怎樣對(duì)待文化有著不同意見(jiàn)”。文化在商業(yè)中是一個(gè)很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素,不同的國(guó)家與地區(qū)可能會(huì)有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。
58.【解析】[A]細(xì)節(jié)題。Pepsi采納的是國(guó)際化的商業(yè)風(fēng)格，這與那些主張國(guó)際化的派別的意見(jiàn)是相一致的。
59.【解析】[C]推斷題。意為“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性”。兩個(gè)派別都承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在于，如何對(duì)待不同的文化，應(yīng)該搞國(guó)際化還是對(duì)不同的文化采取不同的策略。
60.【解析】[D]主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)作的影響。所以D是正確答案。
61.【解析】[B]細(xì)節(jié)題。意為“都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。即他們并不急于對(duì)號(hào)入座而是依據(jù)最基本的商業(yè)原則謹(jǐn)慎地建立自己的運(yùn)行模式。
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.
By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.
On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.
62.The passage is mainly concerned with .
[A]the different tastes of people for sports
[B]the different characteristics of sports
[C]the attraction of football
[D]the attraction of baseball
63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that .
[A]it is only to the taste of the old
[B]it involves fewer players than football
[C]it is not exciting enough
[D]it is pretentious and looks funny
64.The author admits that .
[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young
[B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV
[C]football is more attracting than baseball
[D]baseball is more interesting than football
65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence) .
[A]the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game
[B]even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result
[C]the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well
[D]the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it
66.We can safely conclude that the author .
[A]likes football[B]hates football
[C]hates baseball[D]likes baseball
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Passage Two
【全文翻譯】
有些意大利人不喜歡足球，也并不是所有的加拿大人都喜歡曲棍球。美國(guó)也存在類(lèi)似的情況：一提起壘球，有些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭，你可能就是其中之一。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，看壘球就意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著緊身而有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)裝的人呆立在球場(chǎng)上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激動(dòng)人心的)事發(fā)生——真是無(wú)聊極了。他們認(rèn)為，壘球是適合19世紀(jì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，慢慢騰騰、毫無(wú)活力而又從容和緩。你可能是他們中的一員，喜歡足球，因?yàn)樗且环N崇尚“熱門(mén)”的運(yùn)動(dòng)。相反，壘球看起來(lái)顯得孤孤單單、冷冷清清、沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰。
在電視上，壘球運(yùn)動(dòng)被切換成不同角度的畫(huà)面、不斷地予以重放、特寫(xiě)。但是，壘球運(yùn)動(dòng)的立體感是理解它的核心。你可以把它想象成一位畫(huà)家從某點(diǎn)開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作他的作品;當(dāng)然，你也可以讓自己投身到運(yùn)動(dòng)中去。正是這種投身其中的感覺(jué)使得壘球成為值得參與的運(yùn)動(dòng)。電視體現(xiàn)不出這一點(diǎn)。
以三壘手為例。你坐在三壘后面的休息區(qū)，看著他望著本壘。他雙腿分開(kāi)，膝蓋彎曲，手臂耷拉下來(lái)。他反復(fù)多次這樣做。對(duì)壘球持懷疑論態(tài)度者仍難以想出其他任何運(yùn)動(dòng)是如此的沉靜，如此的被動(dòng)。但是，注意投手每次投球時(shí)發(fā)生的情況：三壘手踮起了腳趾，彎曲著手臂或?qū)⑹痔着e到面前的某個(gè)位置，向左或向右、向前或向后邁出一步，可能他還會(huì)朝球場(chǎng)掃上一眼，查看一壘手的位置。想象投出了一球?！笆裁匆矝](méi)有發(fā)生，”你說(shuō)，“我本來(lái)可以閉上眼睛”。
懷疑壘球運(yùn)動(dòng)者和新手必須要親自參與這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。在看臺(tái)上看壘球就像聽(tīng)音樂(lè)一樣明智。注意觀察三壘手。用一只腳抹平你面前的土堆，平整好手套上的口袋，注意擊球手的眼睛、球棒的速度，聆聽(tīng)壘球擊打在球棒上的聲音。如果足球是劇場(chǎng)里的一曲運(yùn)動(dòng)交響樂(lè)，那么壘球就是一曲集聲調(diào)、合唱和吟唱于一體的自由自在的室內(nèi)樂(lè)。
【答案解析】
62.【解析】[D]主旨題。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)述了人們對(duì)壘球所持的偏見(jiàn)——認(rèn)為它毫無(wú)活力、從容和緩，不像橄欖球那樣高潮迭起、令人激動(dòng)。文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了壘球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個(gè)比喻概括了壘球的魅力：“如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂(lè)的話，那么，壘球中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂(lè)?！笨梢?jiàn)，本文主要探討的是壘球的特點(diǎn)及其欣賞。 A不對(duì)，第一段也確實(shí)提到了不同觀眾對(duì)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對(duì)壘球的特征及欣賞的討論。
63.【解析】[C]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段指出：許多人不喜歡壘球，一提起壘球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，看壘球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動(dòng)裝(outfit)的人呆立在球場(chǎng)上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激動(dòng)人心的)事發(fā)生——沒(méi)意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)更適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，不像橄欖球那樣充滿活力。 A意為：“它只適合老年人的口味。”注意：原文說(shuō)的是適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，二者意思不一樣。 D意為：“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑?！边@與說(shuō)它gentlemanly(具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒(méi)有沖撞或拼搶)不一樣。
64.【解析】[B]推斷題。第三段指出，在電視上，壘球運(yùn)動(dòng)被切換成不同角度的畫(huà)面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫(xiě)等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動(dòng)的整體運(yùn)動(dòng)感，使觀眾無(wú)法將自己投入(project)到運(yùn)動(dòng)中去，以體會(huì)到這種寓動(dòng)于靜的運(yùn)動(dòng)之美。電視做不到這一點(diǎn)(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，電視上的壘球比賽看上去(seems)孤孤單單、冷冷清清、沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰。C、D不對(duì)，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動(dòng)有不同運(yùn)動(dòng)的特征，并未說(shuō)哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)優(yōu)于哪種。參閱文章最后一句。
65.【解析】[B]推斷題。第四段整個(gè)都在描述壘球場(chǎng)上的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動(dòng)員假設(shè)對(duì)方全投出好球，做好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對(duì)方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時(shí)候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會(huì)影響比賽結(jié)果。他說(shuō)本來(lái)可以閉上眼睛，意思就是B項(xiàng)所寫(xiě)的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意圖。這道題需要完整地了解第四段內(nèi)容才能做好選擇。
66.【解析】[D]推斷題。在本文中，作者主要探討了壘球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出的是：只有根據(jù)壘球的特征來(lái)欣賞它，才能體會(huì)到它的魅力。在他看來(lái)，觀察到壘球比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員的各種動(dòng)作、壘球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵(第三段第二句)。只有從整體來(lái)把握它，才能看到每一個(gè)小的動(dòng)作、每一個(gè)眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢?jiàn)，作者對(duì)壘球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛(ài)壘球。主要參考第三、四、五段。