三、決定運(yùn)費(fèi)的因素 (考試重點(diǎn))
英文原文：When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.
注釋?zhuān)篸etermine: 決定，確定，測(cè)定 consider: 考慮，照顧 stowage factor: 積載因數(shù)(stowage: 裝載，裝載量 factor: 因素，要素，因數(shù)) distance: 距離，在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運(yùn)輸量，交通量 bear: 負(fù)擔(dān)，承受
中文意思：在確定運(yùn)費(fèi)率時(shí)，承運(yùn)人還將考慮積載因數(shù)，航程以及一個(gè)很古老的原則，即“運(yùn)輸所能承受”的原則。
英文原文：In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注釋?zhuān)篿n fact: 實(shí)際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地，非常 rated: 定價(jià)的，額定的 subsidize: 補(bǔ)償，資助
中文意思：實(shí)際上，“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則是指高費(fèi)率的商品可以補(bǔ)償較低費(fèi)率的商品。
英文原文：This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.
注釋?zhuān)篶ommonly: 普通地，一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過(guò)去 cost of service: 服務(wù)成本
computation: 計(jì)算，估計(jì) unit: 個(gè)體，(計(jì)量)單位:
中文意思：“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則在過(guò)去比“服務(wù)成本”原則更為普遍的采用，這是由于實(shí)際單位成本計(jì)算時(shí)所涉及到的問(wèn)題。
英文原文：However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注釋?zhuān)篽owever: 可是，無(wú)論如何，仍然 containerization: 貨柜運(yùn)輸，貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，定型的 calculation: 計(jì)算，考慮 per unit: 每個(gè)單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類(lèi)的 break bulk cargo：件雜貨
中文意思：但是，計(jì)算貨柜運(yùn)輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)貨物單位的集裝箱化使得計(jì)算此種單位貨物服務(wù)成本比不同種類(lèi)的件雜貨的服務(wù)成本容易得多。
英文原文：The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注釋?zhuān)簍herefore: 因此，所以 increasingly: 日益，愈加 nowadays: 現(xiàn)今，現(xiàn)在 particularly: 獨(dú)特地，顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于，以…為目的，考慮到 fighting: 挑戰(zhàn)性的，適于戰(zhàn)斗的 competition: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
中文意思：特此考慮到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素，如今承運(yùn)人日益采用“服務(wù)成本”原則。
歷年考題：
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.
A. open market rate
B. surcharges
C. service cost
D. stowage factor
答案：C
分析：決定運(yùn)價(jià)水平高低取決于許多因素，最初的“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則，現(xiàn)在逐漸被考慮服務(wù)成本原則所替代。
英文原文：When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.
注釋?zhuān)篸etermine: 決定，確定，測(cè)定 consider: 考慮，照顧 stowage factor: 積載因數(shù)(stowage: 裝載，裝載量 factor: 因素，要素，因數(shù)) distance: 距離，在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運(yùn)輸量，交通量 bear: 負(fù)擔(dān)，承受
中文意思：在確定運(yùn)費(fèi)率時(shí)，承運(yùn)人還將考慮積載因數(shù)，航程以及一個(gè)很古老的原則，即“運(yùn)輸所能承受”的原則。
英文原文：In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注釋?zhuān)篿n fact: 實(shí)際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地，非常 rated: 定價(jià)的，額定的 subsidize: 補(bǔ)償，資助
中文意思：實(shí)際上，“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則是指高費(fèi)率的商品可以補(bǔ)償較低費(fèi)率的商品。
英文原文：This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.
注釋?zhuān)篶ommonly: 普通地，一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過(guò)去 cost of service: 服務(wù)成本
computation: 計(jì)算，估計(jì) unit: 個(gè)體，(計(jì)量)單位:
中文意思：“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則在過(guò)去比“服務(wù)成本”原則更為普遍的采用，這是由于實(shí)際單位成本計(jì)算時(shí)所涉及到的問(wèn)題。
英文原文：However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注釋?zhuān)篽owever: 可是，無(wú)論如何，仍然 containerization: 貨柜運(yùn)輸，貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，定型的 calculation: 計(jì)算，考慮 per unit: 每個(gè)單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類(lèi)的 break bulk cargo：件雜貨
中文意思：但是，計(jì)算貨柜運(yùn)輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)貨物單位的集裝箱化使得計(jì)算此種單位貨物服務(wù)成本比不同種類(lèi)的件雜貨的服務(wù)成本容易得多。
英文原文：The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注釋?zhuān)簍herefore: 因此，所以 increasingly: 日益，愈加 nowadays: 現(xiàn)今，現(xiàn)在 particularly: 獨(dú)特地，顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于，以…為目的，考慮到 fighting: 挑戰(zhàn)性的，適于戰(zhàn)斗的 competition: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
中文意思：特此考慮到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素，如今承運(yùn)人日益采用“服務(wù)成本”原則。
歷年考題：
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( ) principle nowadays.
A. open market rate
B. surcharges
C. service cost
D. stowage factor
答案：C
分析：決定運(yùn)價(jià)水平高低取決于許多因素，最初的“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則，現(xiàn)在逐漸被考慮服務(wù)成本原則所替代。