2011年成考英語語法代詞歸納四

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不定代詞
    一、“every”(每一個)只作為定語使用,即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構成名詞短語,它不可與everyone(每一個)混淆。everyone相當于名詞,它不可修飾其他名詞,只作主語或賓語。
    (1)Every [A]knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated,but how many [B]realize that they were once [C]homes for the indigent and the friendless [D]?
    (2)Everyone [A]child in the United States must [B]receive [C]some form of educational instruction [D].
    例題解析
    (1)A錯。every不可單獨充當句子成分,應在其后加上person或改為everyone。
    (2)A錯。改為Every,修飾child。
    二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞,可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用。
    (3)Food seasoning plays an important [A]role in the cooking [B]customs of much [C]cultures in [D]the world.
    (4)The general sales tax has been [A]a major source of income for state governments,much [B]of which derive more than half [C]of their budgets from [D]it.
    (5)Data received from [A]two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B]that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C]around the equator [D]of the planet Saturn.
    例題解析
    (3)C錯。應改為of many,因為被修飾詞cultures為可數(shù)名詞,故其修飾語應用many,而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
    (4)B錯。應改用many,因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments(復數(shù)),many在本句中為代詞,作非限定性定語從句的主語。
    (5)B錯。應改為much evidence,因為evidence(證據(jù),跡象)為不可數(shù)名詞,故應用much來修飾。
    三、“some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞,相當于漢語的“一些”,作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其中some(包括它的合成詞something,someone,somebody)多用于肯定句,而any(包括它的合成詞anything,anyone,anybody)則用于疑問句和否定句中,其中any在否定句中相當于漢語中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something,someone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,nothing,nobody時,形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊。
    (6)Historians [A]have never reached some general [B]agreement about [C]the precise causes of the [D]Civil War in the United States.
    例題解析
    (6)B錯。應為any general,因為本句為否定句(否定副詞never),應該用any,此處表示“(沒有達成過)任何共識”。
    四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思,可以用作定語修飾名詞或單獨作主語與賓語,其中前者只用來修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,后者修飾單復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,二者不能相互混淆。
    (7)Lizards lack [A]the built in body temperature control [B]many another [C]creatures possess [D].
    (8)Some bacterium are extremely [A]harmful,but anothers [B]are regularly [C]used in producing cheeses,crackers,and many other foods [D].
    (9)Like [A]most another [B]art forms,the Greek tragedy had [C]its origins in religious [D]observances.
    例題解析
    (7)C錯。應改用other來修飾可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞creatures。本句是一個省略了關系代詞that(或which)的定語從句,control為名詞作主句中及物動詞(謂語)lack的賓語,同時又受其后面定語從句的修飾。
    (8) B錯。改為others。
    (9) B錯。改為other。
    五、one與other “one”作為代詞代替前面提到的人或物,它前邊加the;“other”作代詞修飾復數(shù)名詞?!皁ne…another”表示“一個…另一個”的意思,或表示多個(三者以上)之中的“另一個”,“又一個”;“one…the other”表示兩者之中剩下的“另一個,又一個”。
    (10)I'd like to [A]buy a coat similar [B]to one [C]you are wearing [D].
    (11)Though [A]Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B]vision in another [C], he became [D]an internationally renowned jazz musician.
    例題解析
    (10)C錯。改為to the one。
    (11)C錯。應用the other,因為此處表示兩者之中的另一個,Art Tatum為人的名字,他只有兩只眼睛,故提到“另一只”時應用the other。
    六、“few”和“l(fā)ittle”兩者分別為“many”和“much”的反義詞,表示“少,很少”的意思,有否定含義,即等于“幾乎沒有”,如若表示肯定的含義,則應在little和few前加不定冠詞“a”,即變?yōu)椤癮 few”和“a little”。
    (12)Because they are generally [A]taken simply to obtain a recognizable [B]and relatively clear [C]image,most non prefessional photographs demand few [D]equipment.
    例題解析
    (12)D錯。應改用little,因為equipment為不可數(shù)名詞,故其修飾語應用little,few后面只接可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞。
    七、“a great deal (of)”(大量)只作為限定語修飾不可數(shù)名詞或在句中指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語或賓語。
    (13)of gift giving,barter,buying and selling goes on among the Narvjos.
    [A]A great deal [B]A great many [C]Much greater [D]Many
    例題解析
    (13)A為正確答案??瞻缀鬄椴豢蓴?shù)名詞“gift giving,barter,buying”,“[B]A great amny”和“[D]Many”修飾可數(shù)名詞,而“[C] Much greater”本身是形容詞,空檔后不應有“of”,所以填“[A]A great deal of”。
    八、“nothing but”表示“只不過,就是,只有”。
    He is nothing but a singer. 他只不過是個唱歌的。
    Nothing but a miracle can save us. 只有奇跡才能救我們。
    九、“anything but” 表示“根本不,并不”。
    She is anything but beautiful. 她并不美。
    John is anything but a liar. 約翰決不是個騙子。
    十、“something of” 表示“略有”。
    He has seen something of life. 他略有閱歷。
    I'm something of a cook. 我略懂烹飪。
    (試比較)
    He is not much of a scholar. 他算不上個很好(高明)的學者。
    十一、“none other than”表示“就是”。
    The new arrival was none other than the President. 剛到的那人就是總統(tǒng)本人。
    我們要注意none other than 與 other than 的區(qū)別,后者表示“與……不同”。
    I do not wish him other than he is. 我不希望他改變現(xiàn)狀。
    The truth is quite other than what we think. 事實與我們所想的不一樣。
    十二、“none”有時可作副詞,表示“一點也不”。
    We did the work none too well. 我們活干得一點也不好。
    十三、nowhere可用以成語:be nowhere一無所得,一事無成;get nowhere一事無成,nowhere near離……很遠。
    十四、有些不定代詞同時也是形容詞,或有其他的含義。
    He is all attention,and she is all eyes. 他十分留意,她也注意力集中。
    Everybody who is anybody (somebody)at all will be at the dance.
    [句中的“anybody(somebody)”在此當“大人物,重要人物”講。]