2011年工程碩士英語語法之非謂語動詞用法全解

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一、解析非謂動詞作主語
    1. 不定式作主語。如:
    To say is easier than to do.
    解析:用不定式作主語時,常表示一次性的、具體的、特指的動作,并且用it作形式主語而將其后置。如上例可改為:It is easier to say than to do.
    2. 動名詞作主語。如:
    Walking after supper is good for both young and old.
    解析:若表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動作時常用動名詞。
    二、解析非謂語動詞作表語
    1. 不定式作表語。如:
    What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.
    The library books are not allowed to be taken away.
    解析:不定式作表語時,其后接動詞(詞組)主動式或被動式,與其最近的動詞采用原形。
    2. 動名詞作表語。如:
    His job is teaching.
    The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.
    解析:動名詞作表語時,表語既具有動詞特征又具有名詞性,甚至有時表語和主語可以互換。如上例可改為:Teaching is his job.
    3. 分詞作表語。如:
    The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.
    解析:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示主語所具有的特征,表語與主語之間是主動關(guān)系,并且常以物作主語,譯為“某物怎么樣”;過去分詞作表語,表示主語所處的心理狀態(tài),主語 和表語之間存在被動關(guān)系,并且常以人作主語,譯為“某人感到怎么樣”。具有這一用 法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等。