句型31
(從句)If + were/did(動詞的過去式)，(主句)主語 + would/might/should/could + do(表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè))
[例句]
If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會如此自負(fù)。
I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.
If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會好好考慮它。
句型32
(從句)If + had done, (主句)主語+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示對過去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設(shè))
[例句]
What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.
真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會。如果你去了，就能見到那位歌手。
Anyone in his position would have done the same.
=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會這樣做的。
句型33
(從句)If + were/did(動詞過去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主語+ would/might/should/could + do(表示對將來的假設(shè))
[例句]
If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 萬一他拒絕了，那也沒關(guān)系。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
萬一高考不中，你該怎么辦?
句型34虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝
在虛擬條件句中，如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構(gòu)成虛擬倒裝句。
[例句]
Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。
Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時到達(dá)，小孩就會得救。
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.
句型35
if only引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于 “How I wish + 賓語從句”，意思是“但愿……;要是……就好了”
[例句]
If only he could come! 他要是能來就好了!
If only we students didn’t have so much homework!要是沒有這么多的作業(yè)該多好!
If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我當(dāng)時沒有那么粗心就好了!
句型36
if it were not for… (= were it not for…)
if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因?yàn)橛小?如果不是……”
[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用否定結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫形式，即不能用weren’t it for…)
[例句]
If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，船上的旅客就不會得救。
If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會如此安逸。
If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因?yàn)榻?jīng)費(fèi)問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。
句型37
“but for + 名詞”和“but that +從句”，意思是“倘若不是;要不是”，接虛擬語氣
[例句]
But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)
如果沒有空氣和水，什么東西都難以生存。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
= If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們早就到了。
But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無法實(shí)施那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見，她是不會相信的。
句型38
在動詞insist(1堅(jiān)持做某事)，order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣?；揪湫停褐髡Z+ (should) + 動詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。
[例句]
Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.(賓語從句)
We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.
It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語從句)
The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語從句)
That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語從句)
[注意1]
advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句或表語從句，謂語動詞用 (should) + 動詞原形。
[注意2]
It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中，謂語動詞用(should) + 動詞原形。
[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示;說明”時;insist意思是“堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持看法”時，句子不能用虛擬語氣。
[例句]
He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持說自己是無辜的。
He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅(jiān)持說沒有做錯事情。
Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那項(xiàng)工作?
The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結(jié)果感到滿意。
句型39
It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即主語+(should)+動詞原形
[例句]
It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加考試。
With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會的快速發(fā)展，我們有必要精通英語和電腦。
句型40
It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”
[例句]
It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機(jī)會。
It’s really surprising that a prophecy(預(yù)言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預(yù)言和事實(shí)竟然如此巧合。
It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。
句型41
prefer
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home. 我寧愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence. 我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……寧愿…...而不愿.…".
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out
我寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球，不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。
句型42
seem
(1) It +seems + that從句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看來好像每個人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ---
例：It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是對的，
(3) There seems to be ----
例：There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一場大雨。
(4) It seems as if ----
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看樣子她不能來上課了。
句型43
表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型：
(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us. 我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他們把價格上漲了50%
句型44
too句型：
(1) too...to do sth.
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.
(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too --- to do sth
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me. 這篇課文對我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。
句型45
before 句型：
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸
(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他還有四年時間變畢業(yè)了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。
句型46
用于表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望和計(jì)劃的句型：
(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：You should like to have written to your mother.
你本應(yīng)當(dāng)給你母親寫信。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態(tài)表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。
(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原來的計(jì)劃和安排
例：Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.
Lily 原打算清理她的臥室，但她沒時間。
(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,
want, wish ...
常用過去完成時態(tài),在這些詞后接賓語從句或者接不定式的一般形式;
或者用一般過去時態(tài)后面接不定式的完成形式表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
例：She had supposed him to be very rich. 她原以為他很有錢。
(5) wish that …h(huán)ad done sth.表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.
例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在這兒就好了。
(6) 情態(tài)動詞should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成時，
表示過去本該做，打算做，想做而未做的事情.
should have done =ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做而沒做
would have done = 本來就會去做某事而沒做
could have done = 本可以做某事而沒做
might have done 本可以做而沒做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他們本該道歉的。
句型47
倍數(shù)句型：
(1)倍數(shù)+比較級+than...，
例：The room is twice larger than that one.這個房間是那個房間的兩倍大。
There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.
(2)倍數(shù)+as+原級+as...，
例：The room is three times as large as that one.
這個房間是那個房間的三倍。
(3)倍數(shù)+the size /height/length /weight /width of...
例：The room is three times the size of that one.
這個房間是那個房間的3倍大。
句型48
比較句型：
(1)原級比較：
例：English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.
英語不是和像俄語一樣難的科目。
Their bones are not as thick as adults’.
他們的骨頭和成年人的不一樣厚。
(2)一方超過另一方：
例：The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.
今年的氣候比上一年的氣候要熱得多。
(3)一方不如另一方：
例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.
修復(fù)工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑沒有以前安全了。
(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~
(愈...愈...)
例：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問。
(5) more…. than…與其說…倒不如說
例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent.
與其說Smith聰明倒不如說他勤奮。
(6) no +形容詞比較級+ than = as +形容詞的反義詞+ as
例：I am no better at English than you. 我的英語不比你好。
(7) that 在前后比較中代替不可數(shù)名詞和特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
例：The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that
of Father Christmas.
(8) one 在前后比較中代替泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near
my Mom's. 與南京相比我更喜歡在北京有一套公寓，因?yàn)槲蚁敫覌寢屪∫黄稹?BR> (9) those 在前后比較中代替 特指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.
這兒的工資比我們國家的高。
(10) ones 在前后比較中代替泛指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones
than mobile phones do.汽車確實(shí)給我們的身體健康帶來問題，事實(shí)上比手機(jī)造成的問題更嚴(yán)重。
句型49
感嘆句型：
(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!
例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
信守我們的諾言是多么的重要啊!
(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守諾言是多么重要的事!
(3) How + S + V!
例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊!
句型50
表法猜測的句型：
(1) must have done sth 一定做過某事 否定形式：can't have done
例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚來的。
She can't have gone there 她不可能到那兒去。
(2) may have done sth 可能做過某事 否定形式：may not have done
例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip 可能在這次車禍中傷得很嚴(yán)重。
(3) might have done sth 或許做過某事 否定形式: might not have done
例：She might have known what the bottle contained.
她或許知道這個瓶子里裝的是什么。
(4) should have done sth 估計(jì)已經(jīng)做了某事
否定形式：should not have done
例：She should have arrived in her office by now.
她此刻估計(jì)已經(jīng)到達(dá)辦公室了。
句型51
動詞不定式常用句型：
(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.
某人花/花了/將花多長時間/多少錢做某事.
例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.
為了講一口流利的英語,我花了多年時間刻苦操練.
(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the
Union. 林肯說南方脫離聯(lián)邦是不對的。
It was careless of Tom to break the cup.
(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……別無選擇.
例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.
由于錯過了后一班公共汽車,除了乘坐的士,我們別無選擇.
(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行為不/正像某人的一貫作風(fēng).
例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most
important thing in life.
上課遲到不像吉姆的一貫作風(fēng),他把時間看作是生命中重要的.
(5) ....形容詞/副詞+enough to do sth.
例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa..
(6) It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others. 幫助別人是值得的。
(從句)If + were/did(動詞的過去式)，(主句)主語 + would/might/should/could + do(表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè))
[例句]
If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會如此自負(fù)。
I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.
If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會好好考慮它。
句型32
(從句)If + had done, (主句)主語+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示對過去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設(shè))
[例句]
What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.
真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會。如果你去了，就能見到那位歌手。
Anyone in his position would have done the same.
=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會這樣做的。
句型33
(從句)If + were/did(動詞過去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主語+ would/might/should/could + do(表示對將來的假設(shè))
[例句]
If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 萬一他拒絕了，那也沒關(guān)系。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
萬一高考不中，你該怎么辦?
句型34虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝
在虛擬條件句中，如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構(gòu)成虛擬倒裝句。
[例句]
Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。
Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時到達(dá)，小孩就會得救。
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.
句型35
if only引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于 “How I wish + 賓語從句”，意思是“但愿……;要是……就好了”
[例句]
If only he could come! 他要是能來就好了!
If only we students didn’t have so much homework!要是沒有這么多的作業(yè)該多好!
If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我當(dāng)時沒有那么粗心就好了!
句型36
if it were not for… (= were it not for…)
if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因?yàn)橛小?如果不是……”
[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用否定結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫形式，即不能用weren’t it for…)
[例句]
If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，船上的旅客就不會得救。
If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會如此安逸。
If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因?yàn)榻?jīng)費(fèi)問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。
句型37
“but for + 名詞”和“but that +從句”，意思是“倘若不是;要不是”，接虛擬語氣
[例句]
But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)
如果沒有空氣和水，什么東西都難以生存。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
= If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們早就到了。
But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無法實(shí)施那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見，她是不會相信的。
句型38
在動詞insist(1堅(jiān)持做某事)，order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣?；揪湫停褐髡Z+ (should) + 動詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。
[例句]
Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.(賓語從句)
We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.
It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語從句)
The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語從句)
That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語從句)
[注意1]
advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句或表語從句，謂語動詞用 (should) + 動詞原形。
[注意2]
It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中，謂語動詞用(should) + 動詞原形。
[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示;說明”時;insist意思是“堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持看法”時，句子不能用虛擬語氣。
[例句]
He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持說自己是無辜的。
He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅(jiān)持說沒有做錯事情。
Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那項(xiàng)工作?
The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結(jié)果感到滿意。
句型39
It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即主語+(should)+動詞原形
[例句]
It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加考試。
With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會的快速發(fā)展，我們有必要精通英語和電腦。
句型40
It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”
[例句]
It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機(jī)會。
It’s really surprising that a prophecy(預(yù)言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預(yù)言和事實(shí)竟然如此巧合。
It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。
句型41
prefer
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home. 我寧愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence. 我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……寧愿…...而不愿.…".
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out
我寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球，不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。
句型42
seem
(1) It +seems + that從句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看來好像每個人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ---
例：It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是對的，
(3) There seems to be ----
例：There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一場大雨。
(4) It seems as if ----
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看樣子她不能來上課了。
句型43
表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型：
(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us. 我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他們把價格上漲了50%
句型44
too句型：
(1) too...to do sth.
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.
(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too --- to do sth
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me. 這篇課文對我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。
句型45
before 句型：
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸
(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他還有四年時間變畢業(yè)了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。
句型46
用于表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望和計(jì)劃的句型：
(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：You should like to have written to your mother.
你本應(yīng)當(dāng)給你母親寫信。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態(tài)表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。
(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原來的計(jì)劃和安排
例：Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.
Lily 原打算清理她的臥室，但她沒時間。
(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,
want, wish ...
常用過去完成時態(tài),在這些詞后接賓語從句或者接不定式的一般形式;
或者用一般過去時態(tài)后面接不定式的完成形式表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
例：She had supposed him to be very rich. 她原以為他很有錢。
(5) wish that …h(huán)ad done sth.表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.
例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在這兒就好了。
(6) 情態(tài)動詞should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成時，
表示過去本該做，打算做，想做而未做的事情.
should have done =ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做而沒做
would have done = 本來就會去做某事而沒做
could have done = 本可以做某事而沒做
might have done 本可以做而沒做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他們本該道歉的。
句型47
倍數(shù)句型：
(1)倍數(shù)+比較級+than...，
例：The room is twice larger than that one.這個房間是那個房間的兩倍大。
There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.
(2)倍數(shù)+as+原級+as...，
例：The room is three times as large as that one.
這個房間是那個房間的三倍。
(3)倍數(shù)+the size /height/length /weight /width of...
例：The room is three times the size of that one.
這個房間是那個房間的3倍大。
句型48
比較句型：
(1)原級比較：
例：English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.
英語不是和像俄語一樣難的科目。
Their bones are not as thick as adults’.
他們的骨頭和成年人的不一樣厚。
(2)一方超過另一方：
例：The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.
今年的氣候比上一年的氣候要熱得多。
(3)一方不如另一方：
例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.
修復(fù)工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑沒有以前安全了。
(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~
(愈...愈...)
例：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問。
(5) more…. than…與其說…倒不如說
例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent.
與其說Smith聰明倒不如說他勤奮。
(6) no +形容詞比較級+ than = as +形容詞的反義詞+ as
例：I am no better at English than you. 我的英語不比你好。
(7) that 在前后比較中代替不可數(shù)名詞和特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
例：The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that
of Father Christmas.
(8) one 在前后比較中代替泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near
my Mom's. 與南京相比我更喜歡在北京有一套公寓，因?yàn)槲蚁敫覌寢屪∫黄稹?BR> (9) those 在前后比較中代替 特指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.
這兒的工資比我們國家的高。
(10) ones 在前后比較中代替泛指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones
than mobile phones do.汽車確實(shí)給我們的身體健康帶來問題，事實(shí)上比手機(jī)造成的問題更嚴(yán)重。
句型49
感嘆句型：
(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!
例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
信守我們的諾言是多么的重要啊!
(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守諾言是多么重要的事!
(3) How + S + V!
例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊!
句型50
表法猜測的句型：
(1) must have done sth 一定做過某事 否定形式：can't have done
例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚來的。
She can't have gone there 她不可能到那兒去。
(2) may have done sth 可能做過某事 否定形式：may not have done
例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip 可能在這次車禍中傷得很嚴(yán)重。
(3) might have done sth 或許做過某事 否定形式: might not have done
例：She might have known what the bottle contained.
她或許知道這個瓶子里裝的是什么。
(4) should have done sth 估計(jì)已經(jīng)做了某事
否定形式：should not have done
例：She should have arrived in her office by now.
她此刻估計(jì)已經(jīng)到達(dá)辦公室了。
句型51
動詞不定式常用句型：
(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.
某人花/花了/將花多長時間/多少錢做某事.
例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.
為了講一口流利的英語,我花了多年時間刻苦操練.
(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the
Union. 林肯說南方脫離聯(lián)邦是不對的。
It was careless of Tom to break the cup.
(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……別無選擇.
例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.
由于錯過了后一班公共汽車,除了乘坐的士,我們別無選擇.
(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行為不/正像某人的一貫作風(fēng).
例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most
important thing in life.
上課遲到不像吉姆的一貫作風(fēng),他把時間看作是生命中重要的.
(5) ....形容詞/副詞+enough to do sth.
例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa..
(6) It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others. 幫助別人是值得的。