成人英語高分語法指導(dǎo)三

字號:

容易混淆的詞
    hard(努力,副詞)-h(huán)ardly (幾乎不,副詞)
    close(接近,形容詞)-closely(接近,副詞)
    near(接近,形容詞)-nearly (幾乎,副詞),nearby(adj.鄰近的)
    most(大多數(shù)的,形容詞)-mostly(主要地,大部分 副詞)
    late(遲、晚,形容詞)-lately (最近,副詞),later(adv.稍后的)
    high(高的,形容詞)-h(huán)ighly (adv. 非常,大大的)
    另外:friendly(友好的),lovely(可愛的、有趣的),盡管詞尾有l(wèi)y,但是都是形容詞作主語:不定式短語可作主語如:To see is to believe. (百聞不如一見)
    To work hard should be your major concern.
    注意:由于英文不習(xí)慣句子主語過長,不定式主語常被形式主語it所代替
    例如上面第二句可以變?yōu)椋篒t should be your major concern to work hard.
    又如:It is very nice of you to help me.
    不定式常接在名詞之后作定語,如:something to read,nothing to do,anything to declare,a lot to complain of,the right person to talk to。
    由上述例子不難看出不定式和被修飾詞間有動賓關(guān)系,因此不及物動詞之后必須加上相搭配的介詞(例如上面的complain + of,talk +to)不定式定語還可表示將來的含義,如:in the years to follow,the meeting to be held in June
    獨立主格的主語和句子主語不一致
    如:(With)His mouth filled with water,he couldn't utter a word. (獨立主格)對于分詞來講其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致:Filling his mouth with water,he couldn't utter a word.
    在TOEFL考試中,經(jīng)常混淆反身代詞的寫法,結(jié)尾的-self和-selves經(jīng)常故意寫錯
    反身代詞的用法
    可以用來做賓語:He hurt himself when he fell.
    可以用來做表語:He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)
    反身代詞經(jīng)常放在名詞或者代名詞的后面來進行強調(diào),表示“親自”的意思
    I myself do it.
    I do it myself.
    They made the research themselves.