句子是由詞或短語(yǔ)按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則組成，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意思的語(yǔ)言單位。好的英語(yǔ)句子應(yīng)該是結(jié)構(gòu)意思正確完整，連貫流暢，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。但是如果一篇文章中所有的句子都是結(jié)構(gòu)單一(以主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭，采用"主-謂-賓"或"主-謂-表"的結(jié)構(gòu))、長(zhǎng)短均等的話，句子寫得再好，文章也是單調(diào)呆板，缺乏生氣。要克服這種句式"單一"現(xiàn)象，可以通過(guò)變換句子開(kāi)頭以及句式兩種手段。
一、句子開(kāi)頭多樣化來(lái)源：www.examda.com
寫作時(shí)最常見(jiàn)的是用名詞或代詞構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。除了主語(yǔ)外，句子中還有以下幾種成分可以作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
1.以同位語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：
A. Xiao Wang, our monitor，will attend the meeting.
B. Our monitor, Xiao Wang, will attend the meeting.
句A以主語(yǔ)Xiao Wang開(kāi)頭，句B以同位語(yǔ)Our monitor開(kāi)頭。
2.以單個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、分詞或副詞。試比較下面幾組句子：
A. She is young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job.
B. Young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job.
句A以主語(yǔ)She開(kāi)頭，句B以形容詞短語(yǔ)Young and ambitious開(kāi)頭。
C. The girl entered the room gracefully.
D. Gracefully, the girl entered the room.
句C以主語(yǔ)The girl開(kāi)頭，句D以副詞Gracefully開(kāi)頭。
E. The students reached the top of the mountain exhausted.
F. Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.
句E以主語(yǔ)The students開(kāi)頭，句F以過(guò)去分詞Exhausted開(kāi)頭。
3.以短語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
短語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較下列各組句子：
A. A beautiful girl stood in front of me.
B. In front of me stood a beautiful girl.
句A以主語(yǔ)A beautiful girl開(kāi)頭，句B以介詞短語(yǔ)In front of開(kāi)頭。
C. The students worked hard to pass the exam.
D. To pass the exam, the students worked hard.
句C以主語(yǔ)The students開(kāi)頭，句D以不定式短語(yǔ)To pass the exam開(kāi)頭。
E. He was confused about the problem and went to ask for his teacher.
F. Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.
句E以主語(yǔ)He開(kāi)頭，句F以過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)Confused about開(kāi)頭。
G. You may go home after you finish your homework.
H. Your homework finished, you may go home.
句G以主語(yǔ)You開(kāi)頭，句H以獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Your homework finished開(kāi)頭。
4.用從句作為句子的開(kāi)始。試比較下列句子：
A. I will attend your lecture if I am free.
B. If I am free, I will attend your lecture.
C. We all know she is famous.
D. That she is famous is known to us all.
句A和句C以主語(yǔ)開(kāi)始，句B和句D以從句開(kāi)始。
值得注意的是句子的開(kāi)頭與句子所需強(qiáng)調(diào)的意義密切相關(guān)。改變?cè)~序有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子意義的細(xì)微變化。因此，在特定的上下文中決定是否改變某一句子的詞序時(shí)，不僅要考慮我們所要表達(dá)的意思(如為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的某個(gè)成分，將正常語(yǔ)序中較晚出現(xiàn)的成分移到句首)，還要考慮是否有利于上下文的銜接過(guò)渡以及句子是否均衡等。
二、句式的多樣化
句式多樣化是對(duì)一篇好的文章的基本要求。要做到這一點(diǎn)，首先要對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子有充分的了解。英語(yǔ)句子種類很多，句法結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多彩。通?？梢园凑找韵聵?biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子進(jìn)行分類：
1.根據(jù)使用目的的不同，將句子分為陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句和感嘆句。
(1)陳述句說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是陳述說(shuō)話人的看法。例如：
A. He must have finished his homework.
B. She is a diligent student.
(2)疑問(wèn)句提出問(wèn)題。例如：
A. Does she know English?
B. What did you do last night?
(3)祈使句用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求，命令，叮囑，邀請(qǐng)，勸告等。例如：
A. Have a cup of tea.
B. Don't smoke.
(4)感嘆句表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚訝，喜悅，氣憤等情緒。例如：
A. What an interesting film!
B. How beautiful it is!
2.根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，將句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句以及并列復(fù)合句。
(1)如果一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：
A. She has finished her homework.
B. Both my brother and sister are teachers.
(2)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是并列句。并列句中的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)通常由逗號(hào)和并列連詞來(lái)連接。例如：
A. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
B. Type O is the most common blood type in the world, and type AB is the rarest.
(3)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一(些)成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，該句為復(fù)合句。例如：
A. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg.
C. Some people say that it may result in some social problems in the future.
(4)當(dāng)一個(gè)并列句中的一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這種句子為并列復(fù)合句。例如：
A. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see the anxiety upon it, the worried impatience.
B. I have brought what you need, but you haven't brought what I need.
一、句子開(kāi)頭多樣化來(lái)源：www.examda.com
寫作時(shí)最常見(jiàn)的是用名詞或代詞構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。除了主語(yǔ)外，句子中還有以下幾種成分可以作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
1.以同位語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：
A. Xiao Wang, our monitor，will attend the meeting.
B. Our monitor, Xiao Wang, will attend the meeting.
句A以主語(yǔ)Xiao Wang開(kāi)頭，句B以同位語(yǔ)Our monitor開(kāi)頭。
2.以單個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、分詞或副詞。試比較下面幾組句子：
A. She is young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job.
B. Young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job.
句A以主語(yǔ)She開(kāi)頭，句B以形容詞短語(yǔ)Young and ambitious開(kāi)頭。
C. The girl entered the room gracefully.
D. Gracefully, the girl entered the room.
句C以主語(yǔ)The girl開(kāi)頭，句D以副詞Gracefully開(kāi)頭。
E. The students reached the top of the mountain exhausted.
F. Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.
句E以主語(yǔ)The students開(kāi)頭，句F以過(guò)去分詞Exhausted開(kāi)頭。
3.以短語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。
短語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較下列各組句子：
A. A beautiful girl stood in front of me.
B. In front of me stood a beautiful girl.
句A以主語(yǔ)A beautiful girl開(kāi)頭，句B以介詞短語(yǔ)In front of開(kāi)頭。
C. The students worked hard to pass the exam.
D. To pass the exam, the students worked hard.
句C以主語(yǔ)The students開(kāi)頭，句D以不定式短語(yǔ)To pass the exam開(kāi)頭。
E. He was confused about the problem and went to ask for his teacher.
F. Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.
句E以主語(yǔ)He開(kāi)頭，句F以過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)Confused about開(kāi)頭。
G. You may go home after you finish your homework.
H. Your homework finished, you may go home.
句G以主語(yǔ)You開(kāi)頭，句H以獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Your homework finished開(kāi)頭。
4.用從句作為句子的開(kāi)始。試比較下列句子：
A. I will attend your lecture if I am free.
B. If I am free, I will attend your lecture.
C. We all know she is famous.
D. That she is famous is known to us all.
句A和句C以主語(yǔ)開(kāi)始，句B和句D以從句開(kāi)始。
值得注意的是句子的開(kāi)頭與句子所需強(qiáng)調(diào)的意義密切相關(guān)。改變?cè)~序有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子意義的細(xì)微變化。因此，在特定的上下文中決定是否改變某一句子的詞序時(shí)，不僅要考慮我們所要表達(dá)的意思(如為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的某個(gè)成分，將正常語(yǔ)序中較晚出現(xiàn)的成分移到句首)，還要考慮是否有利于上下文的銜接過(guò)渡以及句子是否均衡等。
二、句式的多樣化
句式多樣化是對(duì)一篇好的文章的基本要求。要做到這一點(diǎn)，首先要對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子有充分的了解。英語(yǔ)句子種類很多，句法結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多彩。通?？梢园凑找韵聵?biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子進(jìn)行分類：
1.根據(jù)使用目的的不同，將句子分為陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句和感嘆句。
(1)陳述句說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是陳述說(shuō)話人的看法。例如：
A. He must have finished his homework.
B. She is a diligent student.
(2)疑問(wèn)句提出問(wèn)題。例如：
A. Does she know English?
B. What did you do last night?
(3)祈使句用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求，命令，叮囑，邀請(qǐng)，勸告等。例如：
A. Have a cup of tea.
B. Don't smoke.
(4)感嘆句表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚訝，喜悅，氣憤等情緒。例如：
A. What an interesting film!
B. How beautiful it is!
2.根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，將句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句以及并列復(fù)合句。
(1)如果一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：
A. She has finished her homework.
B. Both my brother and sister are teachers.
(2)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是并列句。并列句中的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)通常由逗號(hào)和并列連詞來(lái)連接。例如：
A. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
B. Type O is the most common blood type in the world, and type AB is the rarest.
(3)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一(些)成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，該句為復(fù)合句。例如：
A. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg.
C. Some people say that it may result in some social problems in the future.
(4)當(dāng)一個(gè)并列句中的一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這種句子為并列復(fù)合句。例如：
A. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see the anxiety upon it, the worried impatience.
B. I have brought what you need, but you haven't brought what I need.