2012年中考英語輔導(dǎo)定語從句總復(fù)習(xí)(3)

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2011中考英語定語從句總復(fù)習(xí)
    正誤辨析
    [誤] I won‘t tell you the name of the person who teach me English
    [正] I won’t tell you the name of the person who teaches me English
    [析] 在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語時,從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式,這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定,應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動詞。又如:I who am a student want to find a spare time job這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的,所以其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用am。
    [誤] We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War
    [正] We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War
    [析] 這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who, 因為其先行詞有兩個一個是 things (物),而另一個是people (人),這時既不可用 who, 又不可用 which, 因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下,而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下,所以只能用 that, 因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。
    [誤] The book, that I bought yesterday, was very good
    [正] The book, which I bought yesterday, was very good
    [析] 先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時,即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which, when, who, whom, where, when, whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣,而獨有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。
    [誤] The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
    [正] The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool
    [析] 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的,它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。
    [誤] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
    [正] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
    [析] the one, anyone, those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時,其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。
    [誤] This is the room in that the old man lives
    [正] This is the room in which the old man lives
    [正] This is the room which the old man lives in
    [正] This is the room that the old man lives in
    [析] that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語,但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾,則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞,而且可以省略。如: This is the room the old man lives in
    [誤] I can do everything which is good for you
    [正] I can do everything that is good for you
    [析] 在先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代詞時,雖然它們指的是物體,但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
    [誤] The only thing which the students can do is studying hard
    [正] The only thing that the students can do is studying hard
    [析] 在先行詞前有 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等詞修飾時,雖然先行詞指的是物,也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞,而要用 that。
    [誤] This is the first American film which I‘ve ever seen
    [正] This is the first American film that I’ve ever seen
    [析] 在先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或由序數(shù)詞修飾時,其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞級修飾的先行詞之后,如: This is the best book that I have ever seen
    [誤] He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin
    [正] He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin
    [析] 當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,它可能沒有明確的先行詞,它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。