2012中考英語語法詞匯輔導(dǎo)
［誤］Tom‘s mother is taller than my.
［正］Tom’s mother is taller than mine.
［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是my mother，也就是mine。
［誤］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.
［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.
［析］在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí)，要注意人稱，格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework， 所以應(yīng)用it。
［誤］He and you should go to the library to return the books.
［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.
［析］這主要是英語習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you， he， she， I，而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we， you， they：如男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I， he， she， you， 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They， you， we， 如：Tom and I are good friends.
You， he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.
We， you and they have been there before.
I， he and you have to pay for it.
［誤］He or his brother is doing their homework.
［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.
［析］由either…or， neither…nor， or 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，如果兩主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí)，一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前，復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后，要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.
［誤］His brother is taller than him.
［正］His brother is taller than he.
［析］than是連詞，其后應(yīng)視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用
I like you as much as she.
［正］I like you as much as her.
［析］as…as 其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為as I like her.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。
［誤］Myself did it yesterday.
［正］I myself did it yesterday.
［正］I did it myself yesterday.
［析］反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。
［誤］Take care of ourselves.
［正］Take care of yourselves 。（yourself）
［析］祈始句的主語應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.
［誤］Please bring your daughter with yourself.
［正］Please bring your daughter with you.
［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.
［誤］Make yourself home.
［正］Make yourself at home.
［析］這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法，意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有：
enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 像在家中一樣
help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路
seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣
［誤］Tom‘s mother is taller than my.
［正］Tom’s mother is taller than mine.
［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是my mother，也就是mine。
［誤］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.
［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.
［析］在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí)，要注意人稱，格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework， 所以應(yīng)用it。
［誤］He and you should go to the library to return the books.
［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.
［析］這主要是英語習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you， he， she， I，而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we， you， they：如男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I， he， she， you， 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They， you， we， 如：Tom and I are good friends.
You， he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.
We， you and they have been there before.
I， he and you have to pay for it.
［誤］He or his brother is doing their homework.
［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.
［析］由either…or， neither…nor， or 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，如果兩主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí)，一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前，復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后，要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.
［誤］His brother is taller than him.
［正］His brother is taller than he.
［析］than是連詞，其后應(yīng)視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用
I like you as much as she.
［正］I like you as much as her.
［析］as…as 其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為as I like her.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。
［誤］Myself did it yesterday.
［正］I myself did it yesterday.
［正］I did it myself yesterday.
［析］反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。
［誤］Take care of ourselves.
［正］Take care of yourselves 。（yourself）
［析］祈始句的主語應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.
［誤］Please bring your daughter with yourself.
［正］Please bring your daughter with you.
［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.
［誤］Make yourself home.
［正］Make yourself at home.
［析］這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法，意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有：
enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 像在家中一樣
help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路
seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣