2012中考英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo):常見習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)(1)

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2012中考英語(yǔ)常見習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):知識(shí)概要
    由于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣與中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國(guó)方式來對(duì)英語(yǔ)的問句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國(guó)人見到時(shí)會(huì)講: You are so beautiful 這時(shí)的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語(yǔ)不錯(cuò),他們會(huì)講: Your English is very good 這時(shí)中國(guó)人常常會(huì)說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語(yǔ),但是不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。它正確的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語(yǔ)有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)。
    (二) 正誤辨析
    [誤] - What can I do for you?
    - Yes, please help me
    [正] - What can I do for you?
    - I‘d like to buy a sweater
    [析] What can I do for you? 這一問語(yǔ)實(shí)際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。
    [誤] - Which colour do you like?
    - Sorry, I don’t like
    [正] - Which colour do you like?
    - I prefer blue
    [析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it
    [誤] Do you like to come with us tonight?
    [正] Would you like to come with us tonight?
    [析] Do you like … 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:
    Shall we go? 我們走吧!
    Let‘s go? 讓我們走吧!
    How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
    What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?
    Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?
    其肯定答語(yǔ)一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure
    [誤] Sorry, I’ve kept you waiting
    Not at all
    [正] Sorry, I‘ve kept you waiting
    Never mind
    [析] “介意不介意”這一問法與答語(yǔ)在中英文中有所不同。如:
    - Do you mind my smoking here? - _________
    A. Yes, do it please
    B. No, of course not
    C. Yes, take it please
    D. No, you can’t take it
    這時(shí)正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當(dāng)然不。而A選項(xiàng)則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請(qǐng)抽吧。而D選項(xiàng)是:不介意,你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘?zhēng)求意見時(shí),可以有以下問法:
    Do you mind if I open the door?
    Would you mind mailing the letter for me
    其答語(yǔ)如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all
    而不同意時(shí)應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I‘m sorry
    [誤] What’s that man?
     He is Mike
    [正] What‘s that man?
    He is a teacher
    [正] Who’s that man?
    He is Mike(He is Mike‘s father)
    [析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè),由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。
    [誤] - How much are they?
    - Half a kilo, please
    [正] - How many bananas do you want?
    - Half a kilo Please
    [析] How much are they? 問的是價(jià)格而不是實(shí)際物品的多少。
    [誤] I’m sorry, but is this the way to the park?
    [正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park?
    [析] I‘m sorry 是對(duì)已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r(shí)的開始語(yǔ)。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對(duì)方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。
    [誤] - Have a good time tonight!
    - You are the same
    [正] - Have a good time tonight!
    - The same to you
    [析] The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚,它是美語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法。