2011成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)名詞??伎键c(diǎn)歸納(2)

字號(hào):

例 I want three_____ these eggs.    A.dozen  B.dozens  C.dozen of  D.dozens of
    此題涉及兩個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:一是dozen是否加詞尾-s,二是其后是否接介詞of.由于在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上dozen與score,hundred,thousand,million極為相似,所以這里將它們放在一起敘述:
    1)當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不后接介詞of(盡管有人認(rèn)為score/dozen之后有時(shí)可接of,但慣用法認(rèn)為,省略of常見(jiàn)):three hundred students 300名學(xué)生/three score(of)eggs 60只雞蛋
    2)當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而且要后接介詞of,然后才能后接名詞:thousands of students數(shù)千名學(xué)生/dozens of times幾十次/mil-lions of years ago數(shù)百萬(wàn)年前
    3)當(dāng)這些詞與a few,several,many等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí),用不用復(fù)數(shù)形式均可,但是注意:不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后的介詞of可以省略;用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后介詞of不能省略:several dozen(of) pencils/several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆
    4)當(dāng)這些詞后面的名詞有了the,these,those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí),或其后接的是us,them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí),則此時(shí)必須用介詞of:two hundred of the workers這些工人中的200人 /threedozen of these eggs這些雞蛋中的3打/four dozen of them它們中的4打
    通過(guò)以上分析:此題答案顯然只能是C.
    三.容易弄錯(cuò)的集合名詞
    It is reported that a great number of ______died in the drought.
    A.cattles  B.polices  C.peoples  D.poultry
    此題應(yīng)選D.其余幾項(xiàng)均可能被誤選。此題主要涉及集合名詞的用法,下面將集合名詞的有關(guān)用法作一歸納:
    Ⅰ類:這一類包括cattle(牛),people(人),police(警察),poul-try(家禽)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù);不與a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指):The police are looking for him.People will laugh at you.
    Ⅱ類:這一類包括family(家庭),team(隊(duì)),class(班),audience(聽(tīng)眾)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:
    This class consists of 45 pupils.這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。
    This class are studying English now.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
    Ⅲ類:這一類包括baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(機(jī)器)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,要用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式:
    Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
    Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?
    四.means用法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
    Every possible means_____ been tried,and wefind only______ this means can we do it well.  A.have,in  B.have,by  C.has,in   D.has,by
    此題應(yīng)選D.其余幾項(xiàng)均容易被誤選。這里主要涉及名詞means(方式,方法,手段)的用法與搭配:
    1.單復(fù)數(shù)同形(永遠(yuǎn)有詞尾-s)。若用作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。比較:
    1)All possible means have been tried.2)Every possible means has been tried.
    若句意不能明確地表明主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可:
    Is [Are] there any other means of doing it?做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎?
    2.表示以某種方式、方法或手段,用介詞by:
    Only by this means can you do it well.只有通過(guò)這種辦法你才能做好此事。
    有時(shí)用by means of,意為:用,依靠:
    Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。
    3.表示做某事的方法或手段,多接"of+(動(dòng))名詞":
    But they had no means of cooking them.但是他們沒(méi)有辦法來(lái)把它們煮熟。
    Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.去那兒最快的辦法是坐飛機(jī)。