職稱英語語法輔導(dǎo):倒裝、省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)、語序(5)

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    學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句要注意以下兩點(diǎn):
    不要與主語從句相混淆,例如:
    It is well known that light travels in straight lines.
    (眾所周至,光以直線傳播?!?主語從句)
    It was not until the early 18th century that the significance of the event was generally realized.
    (直到18世紀(jì)初,這一事件的意義才為公眾所認(rèn)識(shí)?!獜?qiáng)調(diào)句)
    強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句的簡單區(qū)分是:強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉“it is…that…”,句子結(jié)構(gòu)依然正確,意思不變,如上句:“until the 18th century the significance of the event was not generally realized”。 但是主語從句就不行,如上句:“well know that light travels in straight line”就不通, 句中 “well know” 變成了無依著的成分。
    不要陷入“考試陷阱”,例如:
    It was not until 1943 ______ Penicillin was put into clinical use that many fatal diseases were brought under control.
    A.that
    B.when
    C.before
    D.after
    看到這個(gè)題目,考生第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是“強(qiáng)調(diào)句”,很快選擇了A,但是再仔細(xì)讀一下,句子后面已經(jīng)有“that”,說明這個(gè)題目的考點(diǎn)不在“強(qiáng)調(diào)句”上,而是考“定語從句”的“關(guān)系副詞”when, 故正確答案是B,A稱為“干擾項(xiàng)”。
    4.語序:
    所謂語序,就是詞(組)或句子排列的順序。
    1)形容詞 / 副詞的位置:
    形容詞 / 副詞的一般語序是:
    形容詞 + 名詞
    副詞 + 形容詞或副詞,例如:
    Our country is a great country.
    He speaks very fast.
    當(dāng)有多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),其語序規(guī)則比較復(fù)雜,語法書上有詳細(xì)說明,但不可能都一一記住。只要記住基本要點(diǎn)就可以了,即:越能說明被修飾名詞性質(zhì)的形容詞越靠近那個(gè)名詞,例如:“他是中國一位年輕的作家?!?一般的語序?yàn)椋篐e is a young Chinese writer. 有時(shí),這種語序主要是憑語感,沒有多少道理可講。
    要特別注意以下情況的語序:
    頻度副詞(never, always, often, rarely, seldom等 ):放在be 動(dòng)詞后面,do動(dòng)詞前面,例如:
    He is always late.(他總是遲到。)
    She never comes late.(她從不遲到。)
    不定代詞(everything, nothing, something, everybody, nobody, anybody, all, both等):形容詞要放在其后面,例如:
    I have something interesting to tell you. (我告訴你件有趣的事。)
    enough的位置:enough可以是形容詞,居名詞前,例如: