大學(xué)英語四六級考試??颊Z法精講:時(shí)態(tài)2

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英語四級、英語六級語法精講:時(shí)態(tài)
    2. 哪些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)
    1) 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
    He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
    He is a used-car dealer.(正)
    She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
    She seems always about to smile.(正)
    2) 表示感官感覺的動(dòng)詞,如see(看見), hear(聽見),feel(感覺出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
    The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
    The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
    I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
    I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
    3) 表示擁有的動(dòng)詞,如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
    He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
    He owns a luxurious car. (正)
    The book is belonging to her. (誤)
    The book belongs to her.(正)
    4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞,如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
    I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
    I think that he is right. (正)
    I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
    I understand your feelings. (正)
    5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞,如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
    He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
    He loves his daughter very much. (正)
    I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
    I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
    3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
    時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
    如果主句里的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)),那么從句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語和賓語從句中,但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。
    --He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí))
    --He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
    --He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來完成時(shí))
    雖然主句用了過去時(shí)等,如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
    --Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
    --The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
    如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對過去時(shí)間的狀語,就不必把一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。
    --He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.