閱讀部分
Passage 1 海洋聲納系統(tǒng)的定位與測(cè)量
難度：低
主要題型：TFNG, Multi-choice
大意：研究海洋的方法。通過聲納測(cè)海底深度，探測(cè)大型海洋動(dòng)物，觀測(cè)海水溫度變化等等。
本篇閱讀屬于事物說明類。主要講述聲納系統(tǒng)的定義和作用。本文各段大意明確?？梢粤己冒l(fā)揮P-tag技術(shù)并應(yīng)用在Multi-choice題宏觀定位中。
TFNG題中部分可采用特殊定位詞定位。本篇定位難度不高。
Passage 2用螞蟻等昆蟲防治農(nóng)作物蟲害
難度：中高
主要題型：TFNG, Matching
原文選自于New Scientist雜志2001年4月刊。再說明雅思文章往往來源于英美大眾科普類期刊。原文如下，試題稍有刪改：
In 1476, the farmers of Berne in Switzerland decided, according to this story, there was only one way to rid their fields of the cutworms attacking their crops. They took the pests to court. The worms were tried, found guilty and excommunicated by the archbishop. In China, farmers had a more practical approach to pest control. Rather than rely on divine intervention, they put their faith in frogs, ducks and ants. Frogs and ducks were encouraged to snap up the pests in the paddies and the occasional plague of locusts. But the notion of biological control began with an ant. More specifically, the story says, it started with the predatory yellow citrus ant Oecophylla smaragdina, which has been polishing off pests in the orange groves of southern China for at least 1700 years. The yellow citrus ant is a type of weaver ant, which binds leaves and twigs with silk to form a neat, tent-like nest. In the beginning, farmers made do with the odd ants' nest here and there. But it wasn't long before growing demand led to the development of a thriving trade in nests and a new type of agriculture--ant farming.
The story explains that citrus fruits evolved in the Far East and the Chinese discovered the delights of their flesh early on. As the ancestral home of oranges, lemons and pomelos, China also has the greatest diversity of citrus pests. And the trees that produce the sweetest fruits, the mandarins--or kan--attract a host of plant-eating insects, from black ants and sap-sucking mealy bugs to leaf-devouring caterpillars. With so many enemies, fruit growers clearly had to have some way of protecting their orchards.
The West did not discover the Chinese orange growers' secret weapon until the early 20th century. At the time, Florida was suffering an epidemic of citrus canker and in 1915 Walter Swingle, a plant physiologist working for the US Department of Agriculture, was, the story says, sent to China in search of varieties of orange that were resistant to the disease. Swingle spent some time studying the citrus orchards around Guangzhou, and there he came across the story of the cultivated ant. These ants, he was told, were "grown" by the people of a small village nearby who sold them to the orange growers by the nestful.
The earliest report of citrus ants at work among the orange trees appears in a book on tropical and subtropical botany written by His Han in AD 304. "The people of Chiao-Chih sell in their markets ants in bags of rush matting. The nests are like silk. The bags are all attached to twigs and leaves which, with the ants inside the nests, are for sale. The ants are reddish-yellow in colour, bigger than ordinary ants. In the south if the kan trees do not have this kind of ant, the fruits will all be damaged by many harmful insects, and not a single fruit will be perfect."
The story goes on to say that the long tradition of ants in the Chinese orchards only began to waver in the 1950s and 1960s with the introduction of powerful organic (I guess the author means chemical insecticides. Although most ruit growers switched to chemicals, a few hung onto their ants. Those who abandoned ants in favour of chemicals quickly became disillusioned. As costs soared and pests began to develop resistance to the chemicals, growers began to revive the old ant patrols. They had good reason to have faith in their insect workforce. Research in the early 1960s showed that as long as there were enough ants in the trees, they did an excellent job of dispatching some pests--mainly the larger insects--and had modest success against others. Trees with yellow ants produced almost 20 per cent more healthy leaves than those without. More recent trials have shown that these trees yield just as big a crop as those protected by expensive chemical sprays.
One apparent drawback of using ants--and one of the main reasons for the early scepticism by Western scientists--was that citrus ants do nothing to control mealybugs, waxy-coated scale insects which can do considerable damage to fruit trees. In fact, the ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the sweet honeydew they secrete. The orange growers always denied this was a problem but Western scientists thought they knew better.
Research in the 1980s suggests that the growers were right all along. Where mealy bugs proliferate under the ants' protection they are usually heavily parasitised and this limits the harm they can do.
Orange growers who rely on carnivorous ants rather than poisonous chemicals maintain a better balance of species in their orchards. While the ants deal with the bigger insect pests, other predatory species keep down the numbers of smaller pests such as scale insects and aphids. In the long run, ants do a lot less damage than chemicals--and they're certainly more effective than excommunication.
本篇按歷史順序?qū)懗桑^多時(shí)間并要求考生用時(shí)間與事件匹配。本篇中出現(xiàn)部分長(zhǎng)難句，需要使用句子主干閱讀法分析主要信息。
Passage 3 國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言障礙培訓(xùn)方案
難度：高
主要題型：Matching, TFNG, 帶選項(xiàng)Summary
大意：介紹大型國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言障礙問題，并給出某機(jī)構(gòu)的3種解決方案，包括使用母公司語(yǔ)言，同傳，內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)等等;后補(bǔ)充其它機(jī)構(gòu)的另一種方案。典型的問題解決類文章。出題邏輯按照3種主要解決方案進(jìn)行分類。P-tag技術(shù)能夠幫助考生進(jìn)行宏觀定位。
Passage 1 海洋聲納系統(tǒng)的定位與測(cè)量
難度：低
主要題型：TFNG, Multi-choice
大意：研究海洋的方法。通過聲納測(cè)海底深度，探測(cè)大型海洋動(dòng)物，觀測(cè)海水溫度變化等等。
本篇閱讀屬于事物說明類。主要講述聲納系統(tǒng)的定義和作用。本文各段大意明確?？梢粤己冒l(fā)揮P-tag技術(shù)并應(yīng)用在Multi-choice題宏觀定位中。
TFNG題中部分可采用特殊定位詞定位。本篇定位難度不高。
Passage 2用螞蟻等昆蟲防治農(nóng)作物蟲害
難度：中高
主要題型：TFNG, Matching
原文選自于New Scientist雜志2001年4月刊。再說明雅思文章往往來源于英美大眾科普類期刊。原文如下，試題稍有刪改：
In 1476, the farmers of Berne in Switzerland decided, according to this story, there was only one way to rid their fields of the cutworms attacking their crops. They took the pests to court. The worms were tried, found guilty and excommunicated by the archbishop. In China, farmers had a more practical approach to pest control. Rather than rely on divine intervention, they put their faith in frogs, ducks and ants. Frogs and ducks were encouraged to snap up the pests in the paddies and the occasional plague of locusts. But the notion of biological control began with an ant. More specifically, the story says, it started with the predatory yellow citrus ant Oecophylla smaragdina, which has been polishing off pests in the orange groves of southern China for at least 1700 years. The yellow citrus ant is a type of weaver ant, which binds leaves and twigs with silk to form a neat, tent-like nest. In the beginning, farmers made do with the odd ants' nest here and there. But it wasn't long before growing demand led to the development of a thriving trade in nests and a new type of agriculture--ant farming.
The story explains that citrus fruits evolved in the Far East and the Chinese discovered the delights of their flesh early on. As the ancestral home of oranges, lemons and pomelos, China also has the greatest diversity of citrus pests. And the trees that produce the sweetest fruits, the mandarins--or kan--attract a host of plant-eating insects, from black ants and sap-sucking mealy bugs to leaf-devouring caterpillars. With so many enemies, fruit growers clearly had to have some way of protecting their orchards.
The West did not discover the Chinese orange growers' secret weapon until the early 20th century. At the time, Florida was suffering an epidemic of citrus canker and in 1915 Walter Swingle, a plant physiologist working for the US Department of Agriculture, was, the story says, sent to China in search of varieties of orange that were resistant to the disease. Swingle spent some time studying the citrus orchards around Guangzhou, and there he came across the story of the cultivated ant. These ants, he was told, were "grown" by the people of a small village nearby who sold them to the orange growers by the nestful.
The earliest report of citrus ants at work among the orange trees appears in a book on tropical and subtropical botany written by His Han in AD 304. "The people of Chiao-Chih sell in their markets ants in bags of rush matting. The nests are like silk. The bags are all attached to twigs and leaves which, with the ants inside the nests, are for sale. The ants are reddish-yellow in colour, bigger than ordinary ants. In the south if the kan trees do not have this kind of ant, the fruits will all be damaged by many harmful insects, and not a single fruit will be perfect."
The story goes on to say that the long tradition of ants in the Chinese orchards only began to waver in the 1950s and 1960s with the introduction of powerful organic (I guess the author means chemical insecticides. Although most ruit growers switched to chemicals, a few hung onto their ants. Those who abandoned ants in favour of chemicals quickly became disillusioned. As costs soared and pests began to develop resistance to the chemicals, growers began to revive the old ant patrols. They had good reason to have faith in their insect workforce. Research in the early 1960s showed that as long as there were enough ants in the trees, they did an excellent job of dispatching some pests--mainly the larger insects--and had modest success against others. Trees with yellow ants produced almost 20 per cent more healthy leaves than those without. More recent trials have shown that these trees yield just as big a crop as those protected by expensive chemical sprays.
One apparent drawback of using ants--and one of the main reasons for the early scepticism by Western scientists--was that citrus ants do nothing to control mealybugs, waxy-coated scale insects which can do considerable damage to fruit trees. In fact, the ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the sweet honeydew they secrete. The orange growers always denied this was a problem but Western scientists thought they knew better.
Research in the 1980s suggests that the growers were right all along. Where mealy bugs proliferate under the ants' protection they are usually heavily parasitised and this limits the harm they can do.
Orange growers who rely on carnivorous ants rather than poisonous chemicals maintain a better balance of species in their orchards. While the ants deal with the bigger insect pests, other predatory species keep down the numbers of smaller pests such as scale insects and aphids. In the long run, ants do a lot less damage than chemicals--and they're certainly more effective than excommunication.
本篇按歷史順序?qū)懗桑^多時(shí)間并要求考生用時(shí)間與事件匹配。本篇中出現(xiàn)部分長(zhǎng)難句，需要使用句子主干閱讀法分析主要信息。
Passage 3 國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言障礙培訓(xùn)方案
難度：高
主要題型：Matching, TFNG, 帶選項(xiàng)Summary
大意：介紹大型國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言障礙問題，并給出某機(jī)構(gòu)的3種解決方案，包括使用母公司語(yǔ)言，同傳，內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)等等;后補(bǔ)充其它機(jī)構(gòu)的另一種方案。典型的問題解決類文章。出題邏輯按照3種主要解決方案進(jìn)行分類。P-tag技術(shù)能夠幫助考生進(jìn)行宏觀定位。