托福語法技巧:be+不定式

字號:

be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu),如 I am to go,是很重要的用法。它可以用于以下幾個方面:
    1 傳達命令或指示:   No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
    未經(jīng)警方人員的允許,任何人不得擅自離開這所房子。(沒有人能離開)
    He is to stay here till we return.
    在我們回來之前他必須呆在這里。(他必須留下)
    給出指示的這種語氣比較超然,因而主要用于第三人稱。與第二人稱you連用時,它常常暗示說話人把別人所發(fā)出的指示傳達給對方。請看以下兩個句子:
    (a) Stay here, Tom.
    留在這里,湯姆。考試大論壇
    (b)You are to stay here, Tom.  湯姆,要你留在這里。
    它們之間的區(qū)別在于:(a)句中是說話人要湯姆留在這里,而在(b)句中他只是把另一個人的要求轉(zhuǎn)達給湯姆。
    在間接引語中自然就沒有這種區(qū)別。be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是可以用來表達間接命令的一種形式,尤其是在引導動詞為現(xiàn)在時的情況下:
    He says,‘Wait till I come.’
    他說:“等到我來為止?!毕喈斢?  He says that we are to wait till he comes.
    他說我們得等到他來為止。   祈使句前面有一個從句時,也可以用這種形式:
    He said,‘If I fall asleep at the wheel wake me up.’
    他說,“如果我開車時打瞌睡,就把我叫醒?!?BR>    He said that if he fell asleep at the wheel she was to wake him up.
    他說,如果他在開車時打瞌睡,她必須把他叫醒。
    這種形式還用來把征詢指示的請求變?yōu)殚g接引語:
    ‘Where shall I put it,sir?’he asked.
    “先生,我把它放在什么地方?”他問道。相當于:
    He asked where he was to put it.
    他問他該把它放在哪里。(參見第318節(jié)B。)
    2 表達一種計劃安排:
    She is to be married next month.
    她預定在下個月結(jié)婚。
    The expedition is to start in a week’s time.
    探險隊預定在一周后出發(fā)。
    這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于新聞報導:
    The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow.
    首相將在明天發(fā)表聲明。
    在新聞標題中,be常被省略:
    Prime Minister to make statement tomorrow.
    (譯文同上。)
    過去時:
    He was to go.
    當時他是預定去的。(不定式的一般式)
    He was to have gone.
    他本來是預定要去。(不定式的完成式)
    第一句并沒有告訴我們計劃是否執(zhí)行了,第二句則用來表示一個未實現(xiàn)的計劃。又如:
    The Lord Mayor was to have laid the foundation stone but he was taken ill last night so the Lady Mayoress is doing it instead.
    市長大人原訂要來行奠基禮,可他昨天晚間病了,所以市長夫人替他代行。
    was/were+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表達一種“命運”的意念:
    He received a blow on the head. It didn’t worry him at the time but it was to be very troublesome later.
    他的頭上挨了一下子。他當時不感到怎么樣,但是這事后來竟變得很麻煩。(結(jié)果是很/證明麻煩的)
    They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們相互道別,根本沒有想到竟再也不能相見了。(命運注定不再相見)
    be about+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示即將發(fā)生的動作:
    They are about to start.
    他們就要出發(fā)了。(他們正準備開門。)
    加上副詞just能使將來更加具有即時感:
    They are just about to leave.
    他們馬上就要離開了。www.Examda.CoM
    這個句式同樣也可以用于過去時:
    He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.
    他當時正待扎進水里,卻看到了鯊魚。
    be on the point of+動名詞與 be about+不定式意思相同,但比后者動作還要快一點。(Examda)