1. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that …”；其中“that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做claim的賓語；在賓語從句中“having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，在該賓語從句中做原因狀語，“ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”也是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，在該賓語從句中做時間狀語。
2. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”；其中“to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”為不定式作表語賓語；“under which the experiment was carried out.”為賓語從句，關(guān)系詞為which, 做the social environment的定語。
3. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句主句為“An action such as shocking a victim acquires a completely different meaning”；“which in isolation appears evil”為定語從句，關(guān)系詞為which, 作An action的定語；“when placed in this setting”為時間狀語從句。
4. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”；“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，做主句的伴隨狀語。
5. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“we have two radically different explanations for why…”；“why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.”為why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作介詞for的賓語。
6. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句為并列句，“One form of pollution does appear to be a phenomenon”和“but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem”并列，由but連接；破折號中內(nèi)容為解釋說明部分，解釋One form of pollution；“that is going to extend well into our future”為定語從句，做a phenomenon的定語，關(guān)系詞為that。
7. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“opinion polls suggest that…”；其中“that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作suggest的賓語；“that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做the belief的同位語，并且在該同位語從句中，“environmental standards are declining”和“four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”并列，由and連接。
8. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“That would matter less”；“if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying”為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；“as they do to lobby groups in other fields”為定語從句，做the same degree of skepticism的定語，關(guān)系詞為as。
9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic”；其中“opposing such a weakening”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，作a green organization的定語；“even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.”為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；而其中“they are doing more harm than good”為賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞that被省掉。
10. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“People worry that…”；“that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作worry的賓語；其中“everyone throws away”為定語從句，作stuff的定語，關(guān)系詞為that, 因其在定語從句中作賓語，因此被省掉。
11. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.”；其中“America produces”為定語從句，作all the rubbish的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語，被省掉；“even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past,”和“even if the American population doubles by 2100”兩個從句并列，皆為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
分析：本句的主句為“A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that …”；其中“that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做claim的賓語；在賓語從句中“having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，在該賓語從句中做原因狀語，“ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”也是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，在該賓語從句中做時間狀語。
2. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”；其中“to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”為不定式作表語賓語；“under which the experiment was carried out.”為賓語從句，關(guān)系詞為which, 做the social environment的定語。
3. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句主句為“An action such as shocking a victim acquires a completely different meaning”；“which in isolation appears evil”為定語從句，關(guān)系詞為which, 作An action的定語；“when placed in this setting”為時間狀語從句。
4. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”；“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，做主句的伴隨狀語。
5. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）
分析：本句的主句為“we have two radically different explanations for why…”；“why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.”為why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作介詞for的賓語。
6. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句為并列句，“One form of pollution does appear to be a phenomenon”和“but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem”并列，由but連接；破折號中內(nèi)容為解釋說明部分，解釋One form of pollution；“that is going to extend well into our future”為定語從句，做a phenomenon的定語，關(guān)系詞為that。
7. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“opinion polls suggest that…”；其中“that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作suggest的賓語；“that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做the belief的同位語，并且在該同位語從句中，“environmental standards are declining”和“four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”并列，由and連接。
8. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“That would matter less”；“if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying”為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；“as they do to lobby groups in other fields”為定語從句，做the same degree of skepticism的定語，關(guān)系詞為as。
9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic”；其中“opposing such a weakening”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，作a green organization的定語；“even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.”為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；而其中“they are doing more harm than good”為賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞that被省掉。
10. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句主句為“People worry that…”；“that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作worry的賓語；其中“everyone throws away”為定語從句，作stuff的定語，關(guān)系詞為that, 因其在定語從句中作賓語，因此被省掉。
11. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.（劍5, Test 1 passage 3）
分析：本句的主句為“all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.”；其中“America produces”為定語從句，作all the rubbish的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語，被省掉；“even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past,”和“even if the American population doubles by 2100”兩個從句并列，皆為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。