2012年下半年大學(xué)英語四級常用語法精選

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這篇關(guān)于2012年下半年大學(xué)英語四級常用語法精選,是特地為大家整理的,希望對大家有所幫助!
    Ⅰ動詞(時態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
    時態(tài)
    1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
     I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
     I’ve been sitting in the garden.
    2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作
     I’d been working for some time when he called.
     We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
    3)將來完成進(jìn)行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作.
     By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
     In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
    4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時已發(fā)生的事.
     I shall have finished this one before lunch.
     They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
    語態(tài)
     可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
     He was said to be jealous of her success.
     It was said that he was jealous of her success.
     能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
     It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
     The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
     擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
     Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
     雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)
     雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.
     He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
     Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
     賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):
     She was called Big Sister by everybody.
     Then he was made a squad leader.
     He was considered quite qualified for the job.
     The room was always kept clean and tidy.
    短語動詞
     Vi + adv
     The plane took off two hours late.
     Vi + prep
     They looked round the Cathedral.
     Vi + prep (有被動語態(tài))
     She’s looking after her sister’s children.
     The children were always well looked after.
     Vi + adv + prep
     I began to look forward to their visits.
     Vt + O + adv
     Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
     The children were brought up by their mother.
     They took him on.
     Vt + adv + O (無被動語態(tài))
     I am trying to give up smoking.
     Vt + O + prep
     We talked Donald into agreement.