| 考試日期： | 2012年10月13日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | 農(nóng)村旅游（20110226老題） |
| Question types: | 段落信息配對(duì)題；完成句子；Summary |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)旅游業(yè)帶來(lái)的各種影響和應(yīng)用，比如隨著農(nóng)業(yè)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，大量外來(lái)人口對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響。 |
| 題型難度分析 | 文章難度一般，可參照平行閱讀法。 |
| 題型技巧分析 | 信息包含題已是千夫所指，具體的做題方法一直比較欠缺。個(gè)人比較強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)段落中邏輯關(guān)系的尋找，這些點(diǎn)附近往往是段落信息包含題的答案所在。千萬(wàn)不能以這個(gè)題型作為解題的重心，這種題型能做幾個(gè)是幾個(gè)，不能貪小誤大。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) | 《精六六五閱寫(xiě)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)》P150 “wildness tourism” |
| Reading Passage 2 | |
| Title: | biological clock |
| Question types: | heading; 多選；判斷 |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 可以參照20100115的舊題，但是版本眾多，莫衷一是?？蓞㈤啞毒彘唽?xiě)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)》P294頁(yè)，”how does the biological clock tick”, 這篇文章的題型和難度與此次考試的文章的題型和難度相近。 |
| 英文原文閱讀 | Biological Clocks Survival and successful reproduction usually require the activities of animals to be coordinated with predictable events around them. Consequently, the timing and rhythms of biological functions must closely match periodic events like the solar day, the tides, the lunar cycle, and the seasons. The relations between animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interest and importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged. Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity—sleeping, feeding, moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example—are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms. Almost universally, biologists accept the idea that all eukaryotes (a category that includes most organisms except bacteria and certain algae) have internal clocks. By isolating organisms completely from external periodic cues, biologists learned that organisms have internal clocks. For instance, apparently normal daily periods of biological activity were maintained for about a week by the fungus Neurospora when it was intentionally isolated from all geophysical timing cues while orbiting in a space shuttle. The continuation of biological rhythms in an organism without external cues attests to its having an internal clock. When crayfish are kept continuously in the dark, even for four to five months, their compound eyes continue to adjust on a daily schedule for daytime and nighttime vision. Horseshoe crabs kept in the dark continuously for a year were found to maintain a persistent rhythm of brain activity that similarly adapts their eyes on a daily schedule for bright or for weak light. Like almost all daily cycles of animals deprived of environmental cues, those measured for the horseshoe crabs in these conditions were not exactly 24 hours. Such a rhythm whose period is approximately—but not exactly—a day is called circadian. For different individual horseshoe crabs, the circadian period ranged from 22.2 to 25.5 hours. A particular animal typically maintains its own characteristic cycle duration with great precision for many days. Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly. Further evidence for persistent internal rhythms appears when the usual external cycles are shifted—either experimentally or by rapid east-west travel over great distances. Typically, the animal's daily internally generated cycle of activity continues without change. As a result, its activities are shifted relative to the external cycle of the new environment. The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment. Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours. Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does so day after day—seems to keep the internal clock's period close to that of Earth's rotation. Yet despite this synchronization of the period of the internal cycle, the animal's timer itself continues to have its own genetically built-in period close to, but different from, 24 hours. Without the external cue, the difference accumulates and so the internally regulated activities of the biological day drift continuously, like the tides, in relation to the solar day. This drift has been studied extensively in many animals and in biological activities ranging from the hatching of fruit fly eggs to wheel running by squirrels. Light has a predominating influence in setting the clock. Even a fifteen-minute burst of light in otherwise sustained darkness can reset an animal's circadian rhythm. Normally, internal rhythms are kept in step by regular environmental cycles. For instance, if a homing pigeon is to navigate with its Sun compass, its clock must be properly set by cues provided by the daylight/darkness cycle. |
| 題型難度分析 | heading題難度較大 |
| 題型技巧分析 | heading題考查學(xué)生對(duì)段落大致含義的把握能力，雖然出題人可能希望我們好好的讀懂全段，但是考生未必有這樣的能力。我們可以根據(jù)一些特定的詞語(yǔ)在段落中尋找主題句的出現(xiàn)位置： 1. 在段落開(kāi)頭有舉例結(jié)構(gòu)的地方往往說(shuō)明該段的主題句在舉例結(jié)構(gòu)之前。 2. 在段落中間有比較明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)，那么轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容有可能是段落的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。 3. 在段末有表示結(jié)果的詞語(yǔ)，那么該句句子有可能是段落的主題句。 常見(jiàn)的段落結(jié)構(gòu)有：總分結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)；并列結(jié)構(gòu)；分總結(jié)構(gòu)?？偡纸Y(jié)構(gòu)還是占大多數(shù)的。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) | 可參閱《精六六五閱寫(xiě)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)》P294頁(yè)，”how does the biological clock tick” |
| Reading Passage 3 | |
| Title: | 語(yǔ)音演變 |
| Question types: | summary; 判斷；Matching |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 填空：sound laws, fashion, children, assimilation 判斷： 人們不能得知以前的發(fā)音 F 一些語(yǔ)言的變化要大于另外一些 NG 中產(chǎn)階級(jí)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的變化也有貢獻(xiàn) T 有一些單詞小孩子很難發(fā)音 NG (children imitate adult imperfect) 某個(gè)單詞中的一個(gè)字母用另一個(gè)字母代替，因?yàn)檫@樣人們更方便說(shuō) T 某個(gè)單詞的拼寫(xiě)以后會(huì)變 NG temporary這個(gè)詞的發(fā)音和拼寫(xiě)不匹配 T（最后一段，英國(guó)人發(fā)tempory的音） 配對(duì)： large-scale change—b被p替換 威爾士的人說(shuō)話像唱歌 Christmas的T為什么不發(fā)音 |
| 題型難度分析 | 文章難度中等，可按照平行閱讀法，以summary作為做題重點(diǎn)。 |
| 題型技巧分析 | 判斷題，主要關(guān)注出題點(diǎn)的判斷： 1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ) 2. be動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ) 3. 絕對(duì)化詞 4. 比較關(guān)系 5. 因果關(guān)系 6. 數(shù)字關(guān)系 只要明確具體考題中涉及到哪一類(lèi)，然后去文章中根據(jù)定位詞比對(duì)即可。 Summary, 注意空格詞性的推斷，這樣能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍。 |