英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的china daily雙語(yǔ)新聞： 美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者就業(yè)情況好轉(zhuǎn)，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考:)
The epidemic of long-term unemployment, one of the most pernicious and persistent challenges bedeviling the U.S. economy, is finally showing signs of easing.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)這一流行病是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)遭遇的最致命、最持久的病痛之一，現(xiàn)在它終于顯示出好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象。
The long-term unemployed─those out of work more than six months─made up 39.1% of all job seekers in December, according to the Labor Department, the first time that figure has dropped below 40% in more than three years.
美國(guó)勞工部(Labor Department)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年12月份，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者（即失業(yè)六個(gè)月以上的人）占所有求職者的比例為39.1%，三年多以來(lái)首次降至40%以下。
The problem is far from solved. Nearly 4.8 million Americans have been out of work for more than six months, down from a peak of more than 6.5 million in 2010 but still a level without precedent since World War II.
問(wèn)題還遠(yuǎn)未解決。失業(yè)六個(gè)月以上的美國(guó)人數(shù)量接近480萬(wàn)，低于2010年逾650萬(wàn)的峰值，但仍然是二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)前所未有的水平。
The recent signs of progress mark a reversal from earlier in the recovery, when long-term unemployment proved resistant to improvement elsewhere in the labor market.
最近的好轉(zhuǎn)跡象標(biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇之初的形勢(shì)得以扭轉(zhuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)盡管勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的其他領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)，但長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)狀況沒(méi)有改善。
Total unemployment peaked in late 2009 and has dropped relatively steadily since then, while the number of long-term unemployed continued to rise into 2010 and then fell only slowly through much of 2011.
總體失業(yè)率在2009年底達(dá)到高峰，隨后相對(duì)穩(wěn)步下降，而長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)數(shù)字一直保持上升勢(shì)頭直到2010年，隨后在2011年大部分時(shí)間里緩慢下降。
More recently, however, unemployment has fallen more quickly among the long-term jobless than among the broader population. In the past year, the number of long-term unemployed workers has dropped by 830,000, accounting for nearly the entire 843,000-person drop in overall joblessness.
不過(guò)在最近，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降比總體失業(yè)人數(shù)下降速度更快。去年，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者人數(shù)減少了83萬(wàn)，而總體失業(yè)人數(shù)總共下降了84.3萬(wàn)。
When Michael Leahy lost his job as a manager at a Connecticut bank in 2010, the state had already shed about 10,000 financial-sector jobs in the previous two years and he had difficulty even landing an interview. By the time banks started hiring again, Mr. Leahy, now 59, had been out of work for more than a year and found himself getting passed over for candidates with jobs or ones who had been laid off more recently.
2010年，在康涅狄格州一家銀行任經(jīng)理的萊希(Michael Leahy)丟掉了工作，當(dāng)時(shí)該州在之前的兩年已經(jīng)裁掉了大約1萬(wàn)個(gè)金融行業(yè)職位，他連面試的機(jī)會(huì)都很難獲得。等到銀行重新開始招聘時(shí)，現(xiàn)年59歲的萊希已經(jīng)失業(yè)一年多，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己難以同在職或剛失業(yè)不久的求職者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
In July, however, Mr. Leahy was accepted into a program for the long-term unemployed run by the Work Place, a local workforce development agency. The program helped Mr. Leahy improve his resume and interviewing skills, and ultimately connected him with a local bank that was hiring.
不過(guò)在去年7月，萊希加入了當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)Work Place針對(duì)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者開辦的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目幫助萊希改進(jìn)了簡(jiǎn)歷，提升了面試技巧，最后還幫他與一家正在招聘的當(dāng)?shù)劂y行取得了聯(lián)系。
Mr. Leahy began a new job in December. The chance to work again in his chosen field, he said, was more than worth the roughly 15% pay cut from his previous job.
萊希在去年12月開始新工作。他說(shuō)，新工作比他原先的工作薪水大約低了15%，但能夠再次從事自己選擇的領(lǐng)域，這一點(diǎn)更有價(jià)值。
'The thing that surprised me is this positive feeling I have every day of getting up in the morning and knowing I have a place to go to and a place where people are waiting for me,' Mr. Leahy said.
萊希說(shuō)，早上起來(lái)知道自己有地方去、還有人等著我，每天一想到這個(gè)我就很振奮，這一點(diǎn)出乎我的意料。
The decline in long-term unemployment is good news for the broader economy. Many economists, including Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, feared that many long-term unemployed workers would become permanently unemployable, creating a 'structural' unemployment problem akin to what Europe suffered in the 1980s. But those fears are beginning to recede along with the ranks of the long-term unemployed.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降對(duì)于整體經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)是好消息。包括美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席貝南克(Ben Bernanke)在內(nèi)的許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都擔(dān)心，很多長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者可能會(huì)永久失業(yè)，從而造成類似上世紀(jì)80年代的歐洲那樣的結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)問(wèn)題。但隨著長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降，這類擔(dān)憂也開始消退。
'I don't think it's the case that the long-term unemployed are no longer employable,' said Omair Sharif, an economist for RBS Securities Inc. 'In fact, they've been the ones getting the jobs.'
蘇格蘭皇家銀行證券(RBS Securities Inc.)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家謝里夫(Omair Sharif)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者不再符合雇用要求的說(shuō)法并不屬實(shí)，事實(shí)上近期能找到工作的大都是這些人。
Not all the drop in long-term joblessness can be attributed to workers finding positions. In recent years, millions of Americans have given up looking for work, at which point they no longer count as 'unemployed' in official statistics.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象的緩解并不能全都?xì)w功于失業(yè)者找到了工作崗位。近年來(lái)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)放棄了尋找工作，在官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)中，這些人不再被算做“失業(yè)”。
The recent drop in long-term unemployment, however, doesn't appear to be due to such dropouts. The number of people who aren't in the labor force but say they want a job has risen by only about 400,000 in the past year, while the number of Americans with jobs has risen by 2.4 million. That suggests at least much of the improvement is due to people finding jobs, not dropping out, Mr. Sharif said.
不過(guò)最近出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解，似乎并不是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因。過(guò)去一年里，那些已不在就業(yè)隊(duì)伍里但表示他們想要一份工作的人增加了約40萬(wàn)，而擁有工作的美國(guó)人則增加了240萬(wàn)。謝里夫說(shuō)，這顯示長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解至少應(yīng)主要?dú)w因于人們找到了工作，而不是一部分長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人不再被算作失業(yè)人口了。
The average unemployed worker has now been looking for 38 weeks, down from a peak of nearly 41 weeks and the lowest level since early 2011.
目前美國(guó)失業(yè)人員尋找下一份工作的時(shí)間平均為38周，低于高峰時(shí)的近41周，處于2011年初以來(lái)的最低水平。
The long-term unemployed still face grim odds of finding work. About 10% of long-term job seekers found work in April, the most recent month for which a detailed breakdown is available, compared with about a quarter of more recently laid-off workers. The ranks of the short-term jobless are more quickly refreshed by newly laid-off workers, however. As a result, the total number of short-term unemployed has fallen more slowly in recent months, even though individual workers still stand a far better chance of finding work early in their search.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)依然不大。去年4月約10%的長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)求職者找到了工作，而當(dāng)月有約25%的失業(yè)時(shí)間較短者找到了工作。美國(guó)從去年四月份才開始分別公布長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人員和失業(yè)時(shí)間較短人員尋找工作的情況。不過(guò)，短期失業(yè)者群體的人員補(bǔ)充速度要高于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者群體，這導(dǎo)致最近幾個(gè)月短期失業(yè)者總數(shù)的下降速度要慢于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者總數(shù)的降速。但失業(yè)時(shí)間較短的人重新找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)依然遠(yuǎn)大于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人。
And when the long-term unemployed do find work, their new jobs generally pay less than their old ones─often much less. A recent study from economists at Boston University, Columbia University and the Institute for Employment Research found that every additional year out of work reduces workers' wages when they do find a job by 11%.
當(dāng)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者真的找到工作時(shí)，他們新工作崗位的薪酬總的說(shuō)來(lái)低于他們以往工作的報(bào)酬，而且往往是低很多。波士頓大學(xué)(Boston University)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University)和美國(guó)就業(yè)研究院(Institute for Employment Research)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最近通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們的失業(yè)時(shí)間每增加一年，他們重新找到工作后的工資水平就會(huì)多下降11%。
Moreover, the recent gains have yet to reach the longest of the long-term unemployed: While the number of people unemployed for between six months and two years has fallen by 12% in the past year, the ranks of those jobless for three years or longer has barely budged at all.
此外，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象最近出現(xiàn)的好轉(zhuǎn)尚未惠及失業(yè)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的那批長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者：雖然過(guò)去一年中失業(yè)時(shí)間在六個(gè)月至兩年之間的失業(yè)者減少了12%，但失業(yè)三年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的人卻幾乎沒(méi)有減少。
Patricia Soprych, a 51-year-old widow in Skokie, Ill., recently got a job as a grocery-store cashier after more than a year of looking for work. But the job is part-time and pays the minimum wage, which she finds barely enough to make ends meet.
居住在伊利諾伊州斯科基(Skokie)的51歲喪偶婦女索普里奇(Patricia Soprych)在尋找工作一年多后最近得到了一份雜貨店收銀員的工作。但這只是一份非全職工作，薪酬只及最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)這份工作的薪酬只是剛剛能滿足她的基本生活需要。
'You say the job market's getting better. Yeah, for these $8.25-an-hour jobs,' Ms. Soprych said.
索普里奇說(shuō)，你們說(shuō)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)正在好轉(zhuǎn)，是的，可增加的是那些每小時(shí)薪酬8.25美元的工作。
Economists cite several reasons for the drop in long-term unemployment. Most significant is the gradual healing of the broader labor market, which has seen the unemployment rate drop to 7.8% in December from a high of 10% in 2009. After initially benefiting mostly the more recently laid-off, that progress is now being felt among the longer-term jobless as well.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們給出了幾個(gè)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解的原因。最重要的原因是就業(yè)市場(chǎng)總體情況的逐步好轉(zhuǎn)。美國(guó)去年12月份的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)從2009年時(shí)的10%下降到7.8%。這一好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢(shì)最初惠及的主要是那些失業(yè)時(shí)間較短的人，但現(xiàn)在正在開始惠及失業(yè)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的人員。
The gradual strengthening in the housing market could lead to more improvement. Many of the long-term unemployed are former construction workers who lost jobs when the housing bubble burst. Rising home building has yet to lead to a surge in construction employment, but many experts expect hiring to pick up in 2013.
住房市場(chǎng)的逐漸走強(qiáng)有可能導(dǎo)致就業(yè)情況的進(jìn)一步好轉(zhuǎn)。許多長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者以前都從事建筑工作，他們?cè)谧》颗菽屏褧r(shí)丟掉了工作。雖然住房建設(shè)活動(dòng)的不斷升溫尚未導(dǎo)致建筑行業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)的大幅躍升，但許多專家預(yù)計(jì)，這一行業(yè)雇傭的人數(shù)2013年將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。
Another possible factor behind the recent progress: the gradual reduction in emergency unemployment benefits available to laid-off workers. During the recession, Congress extended unemployment benefits to as long as 99 weeks in some states. Today, benefits last 73 weeks at most, and less time in many states. Research suggests that unemployment payments lead some recipients not to look as hard for jobs, and the loss of benefits may have pushed some job seekers to accept work they might otherwise have rejected, said Gary Burtless, an economist at the Brookings Institution.
另一個(gè)可能導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象最近出現(xiàn)緩解的背后原因是：失業(yè)者可享受的應(yīng)急失業(yè)救濟(jì)在逐漸減少。在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退期間，國(guó)會(huì)將一些州的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金領(lǐng)取時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)延長(zhǎng)到99周。而現(xiàn)在，最長(zhǎng)也只能領(lǐng)取73周的失業(yè)救濟(jì)，許多州領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的時(shí)間都比這要少。布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)(Brookings Institution)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家伯特利斯(Gary Burtless)說(shuō)，有研究顯示，由于有失業(yè)救濟(jì)金可領(lǐng)，一些救濟(jì)金領(lǐng)取者并不積極尋找工作，一些人由于不再能領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金，他們可能被迫接受了在有救濟(jì)金可領(lǐng)時(shí)會(huì)拒絕的工作崗位。
The epidemic of long-term unemployment, one of the most pernicious and persistent challenges bedeviling the U.S. economy, is finally showing signs of easing.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)這一流行病是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)遭遇的最致命、最持久的病痛之一，現(xiàn)在它終于顯示出好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象。
The long-term unemployed─those out of work more than six months─made up 39.1% of all job seekers in December, according to the Labor Department, the first time that figure has dropped below 40% in more than three years.
美國(guó)勞工部(Labor Department)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年12月份，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者（即失業(yè)六個(gè)月以上的人）占所有求職者的比例為39.1%，三年多以來(lái)首次降至40%以下。
The problem is far from solved. Nearly 4.8 million Americans have been out of work for more than six months, down from a peak of more than 6.5 million in 2010 but still a level without precedent since World War II.
問(wèn)題還遠(yuǎn)未解決。失業(yè)六個(gè)月以上的美國(guó)人數(shù)量接近480萬(wàn)，低于2010年逾650萬(wàn)的峰值，但仍然是二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)前所未有的水平。
The recent signs of progress mark a reversal from earlier in the recovery, when long-term unemployment proved resistant to improvement elsewhere in the labor market.
最近的好轉(zhuǎn)跡象標(biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇之初的形勢(shì)得以扭轉(zhuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)盡管勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的其他領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)，但長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)狀況沒(méi)有改善。
Total unemployment peaked in late 2009 and has dropped relatively steadily since then, while the number of long-term unemployed continued to rise into 2010 and then fell only slowly through much of 2011.
總體失業(yè)率在2009年底達(dá)到高峰，隨后相對(duì)穩(wěn)步下降，而長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)數(shù)字一直保持上升勢(shì)頭直到2010年，隨后在2011年大部分時(shí)間里緩慢下降。
More recently, however, unemployment has fallen more quickly among the long-term jobless than among the broader population. In the past year, the number of long-term unemployed workers has dropped by 830,000, accounting for nearly the entire 843,000-person drop in overall joblessness.
不過(guò)在最近，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降比總體失業(yè)人數(shù)下降速度更快。去年，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者人數(shù)減少了83萬(wàn)，而總體失業(yè)人數(shù)總共下降了84.3萬(wàn)。
When Michael Leahy lost his job as a manager at a Connecticut bank in 2010, the state had already shed about 10,000 financial-sector jobs in the previous two years and he had difficulty even landing an interview. By the time banks started hiring again, Mr. Leahy, now 59, had been out of work for more than a year and found himself getting passed over for candidates with jobs or ones who had been laid off more recently.
2010年，在康涅狄格州一家銀行任經(jīng)理的萊希(Michael Leahy)丟掉了工作，當(dāng)時(shí)該州在之前的兩年已經(jīng)裁掉了大約1萬(wàn)個(gè)金融行業(yè)職位，他連面試的機(jī)會(huì)都很難獲得。等到銀行重新開始招聘時(shí)，現(xiàn)年59歲的萊希已經(jīng)失業(yè)一年多，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己難以同在職或剛失業(yè)不久的求職者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
In July, however, Mr. Leahy was accepted into a program for the long-term unemployed run by the Work Place, a local workforce development agency. The program helped Mr. Leahy improve his resume and interviewing skills, and ultimately connected him with a local bank that was hiring.
不過(guò)在去年7月，萊希加入了當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)Work Place針對(duì)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者開辦的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目幫助萊希改進(jìn)了簡(jiǎn)歷，提升了面試技巧，最后還幫他與一家正在招聘的當(dāng)?shù)劂y行取得了聯(lián)系。
Mr. Leahy began a new job in December. The chance to work again in his chosen field, he said, was more than worth the roughly 15% pay cut from his previous job.
萊希在去年12月開始新工作。他說(shuō)，新工作比他原先的工作薪水大約低了15%，但能夠再次從事自己選擇的領(lǐng)域，這一點(diǎn)更有價(jià)值。
'The thing that surprised me is this positive feeling I have every day of getting up in the morning and knowing I have a place to go to and a place where people are waiting for me,' Mr. Leahy said.
萊希說(shuō)，早上起來(lái)知道自己有地方去、還有人等著我，每天一想到這個(gè)我就很振奮，這一點(diǎn)出乎我的意料。
The decline in long-term unemployment is good news for the broader economy. Many economists, including Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, feared that many long-term unemployed workers would become permanently unemployable, creating a 'structural' unemployment problem akin to what Europe suffered in the 1980s. But those fears are beginning to recede along with the ranks of the long-term unemployed.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降對(duì)于整體經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)是好消息。包括美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席貝南克(Ben Bernanke)在內(nèi)的許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都擔(dān)心，很多長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者可能會(huì)永久失業(yè)，從而造成類似上世紀(jì)80年代的歐洲那樣的結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)問(wèn)題。但隨著長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人數(shù)下降，這類擔(dān)憂也開始消退。
'I don't think it's the case that the long-term unemployed are no longer employable,' said Omair Sharif, an economist for RBS Securities Inc. 'In fact, they've been the ones getting the jobs.'
蘇格蘭皇家銀行證券(RBS Securities Inc.)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家謝里夫(Omair Sharif)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者不再符合雇用要求的說(shuō)法并不屬實(shí)，事實(shí)上近期能找到工作的大都是這些人。
Not all the drop in long-term joblessness can be attributed to workers finding positions. In recent years, millions of Americans have given up looking for work, at which point they no longer count as 'unemployed' in official statistics.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象的緩解并不能全都?xì)w功于失業(yè)者找到了工作崗位。近年來(lái)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)放棄了尋找工作，在官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)中，這些人不再被算做“失業(yè)”。
The recent drop in long-term unemployment, however, doesn't appear to be due to such dropouts. The number of people who aren't in the labor force but say they want a job has risen by only about 400,000 in the past year, while the number of Americans with jobs has risen by 2.4 million. That suggests at least much of the improvement is due to people finding jobs, not dropping out, Mr. Sharif said.
不過(guò)最近出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解，似乎并不是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因。過(guò)去一年里，那些已不在就業(yè)隊(duì)伍里但表示他們想要一份工作的人增加了約40萬(wàn)，而擁有工作的美國(guó)人則增加了240萬(wàn)。謝里夫說(shuō)，這顯示長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解至少應(yīng)主要?dú)w因于人們找到了工作，而不是一部分長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人不再被算作失業(yè)人口了。
The average unemployed worker has now been looking for 38 weeks, down from a peak of nearly 41 weeks and the lowest level since early 2011.
目前美國(guó)失業(yè)人員尋找下一份工作的時(shí)間平均為38周，低于高峰時(shí)的近41周，處于2011年初以來(lái)的最低水平。
The long-term unemployed still face grim odds of finding work. About 10% of long-term job seekers found work in April, the most recent month for which a detailed breakdown is available, compared with about a quarter of more recently laid-off workers. The ranks of the short-term jobless are more quickly refreshed by newly laid-off workers, however. As a result, the total number of short-term unemployed has fallen more slowly in recent months, even though individual workers still stand a far better chance of finding work early in their search.
長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)依然不大。去年4月約10%的長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)求職者找到了工作，而當(dāng)月有約25%的失業(yè)時(shí)間較短者找到了工作。美國(guó)從去年四月份才開始分別公布長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人員和失業(yè)時(shí)間較短人員尋找工作的情況。不過(guò)，短期失業(yè)者群體的人員補(bǔ)充速度要高于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者群體，這導(dǎo)致最近幾個(gè)月短期失業(yè)者總數(shù)的下降速度要慢于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者總數(shù)的降速。但失業(yè)時(shí)間較短的人重新找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)依然遠(yuǎn)大于長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)的人。
And when the long-term unemployed do find work, their new jobs generally pay less than their old ones─often much less. A recent study from economists at Boston University, Columbia University and the Institute for Employment Research found that every additional year out of work reduces workers' wages when they do find a job by 11%.
當(dāng)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者真的找到工作時(shí)，他們新工作崗位的薪酬總的說(shuō)來(lái)低于他們以往工作的報(bào)酬，而且往往是低很多。波士頓大學(xué)(Boston University)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University)和美國(guó)就業(yè)研究院(Institute for Employment Research)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最近通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們的失業(yè)時(shí)間每增加一年，他們重新找到工作后的工資水平就會(huì)多下降11%。
Moreover, the recent gains have yet to reach the longest of the long-term unemployed: While the number of people unemployed for between six months and two years has fallen by 12% in the past year, the ranks of those jobless for three years or longer has barely budged at all.
此外，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象最近出現(xiàn)的好轉(zhuǎn)尚未惠及失業(yè)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的那批長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者：雖然過(guò)去一年中失業(yè)時(shí)間在六個(gè)月至兩年之間的失業(yè)者減少了12%，但失業(yè)三年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的人卻幾乎沒(méi)有減少。
Patricia Soprych, a 51-year-old widow in Skokie, Ill., recently got a job as a grocery-store cashier after more than a year of looking for work. But the job is part-time and pays the minimum wage, which she finds barely enough to make ends meet.
居住在伊利諾伊州斯科基(Skokie)的51歲喪偶婦女索普里奇(Patricia Soprych)在尋找工作一年多后最近得到了一份雜貨店收銀員的工作。但這只是一份非全職工作，薪酬只及最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)這份工作的薪酬只是剛剛能滿足她的基本生活需要。
'You say the job market's getting better. Yeah, for these $8.25-an-hour jobs,' Ms. Soprych said.
索普里奇說(shuō)，你們說(shuō)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)正在好轉(zhuǎn)，是的，可增加的是那些每小時(shí)薪酬8.25美元的工作。
Economists cite several reasons for the drop in long-term unemployment. Most significant is the gradual healing of the broader labor market, which has seen the unemployment rate drop to 7.8% in December from a high of 10% in 2009. After initially benefiting mostly the more recently laid-off, that progress is now being felt among the longer-term jobless as well.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們給出了幾個(gè)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象緩解的原因。最重要的原因是就業(yè)市場(chǎng)總體情況的逐步好轉(zhuǎn)。美國(guó)去年12月份的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)從2009年時(shí)的10%下降到7.8%。這一好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢(shì)最初惠及的主要是那些失業(yè)時(shí)間較短的人，但現(xiàn)在正在開始惠及失業(yè)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的人員。
The gradual strengthening in the housing market could lead to more improvement. Many of the long-term unemployed are former construction workers who lost jobs when the housing bubble burst. Rising home building has yet to lead to a surge in construction employment, but many experts expect hiring to pick up in 2013.
住房市場(chǎng)的逐漸走強(qiáng)有可能導(dǎo)致就業(yè)情況的進(jìn)一步好轉(zhuǎn)。許多長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者以前都從事建筑工作，他們?cè)谧》颗菽屏褧r(shí)丟掉了工作。雖然住房建設(shè)活動(dòng)的不斷升溫尚未導(dǎo)致建筑行業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)的大幅躍升，但許多專家預(yù)計(jì)，這一行業(yè)雇傭的人數(shù)2013年將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。
Another possible factor behind the recent progress: the gradual reduction in emergency unemployment benefits available to laid-off workers. During the recession, Congress extended unemployment benefits to as long as 99 weeks in some states. Today, benefits last 73 weeks at most, and less time in many states. Research suggests that unemployment payments lead some recipients not to look as hard for jobs, and the loss of benefits may have pushed some job seekers to accept work they might otherwise have rejected, said Gary Burtless, an economist at the Brookings Institution.
另一個(gè)可能導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)現(xiàn)象最近出現(xiàn)緩解的背后原因是：失業(yè)者可享受的應(yīng)急失業(yè)救濟(jì)在逐漸減少。在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退期間，國(guó)會(huì)將一些州的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金領(lǐng)取時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)延長(zhǎng)到99周。而現(xiàn)在，最長(zhǎng)也只能領(lǐng)取73周的失業(yè)救濟(jì)，許多州領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的時(shí)間都比這要少。布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)(Brookings Institution)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家伯特利斯(Gary Burtless)說(shuō)，有研究顯示，由于有失業(yè)救濟(jì)金可領(lǐng)，一些救濟(jì)金領(lǐng)取者并不積極尋找工作，一些人由于不再能領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金，他們可能被迫接受了在有救濟(jì)金可領(lǐng)時(shí)會(huì)拒絕的工作崗位。