新概念第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons52

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.I have been trying to get my new room in order.我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊。
    (1)與課文開頭那句話的后半部分一樣,這個句子也用了現(xiàn)在完成進行時。(cf.本課語法)
    (2)get…in order表in“把……整理好”,in order的含義之一為“整齊”、“井然有序”:
    Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
    離開房間前把所有的東西都整理好。
    2.To make matters worse, the room is rather small…更糟糕的是房間還非常小……
    to make matters worse是個插入語,與主句之間要用逗號隔開。
    matters(復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以表示“事態(tài)”、“情況”。這個短語是個慣用語:
    I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
    我在森林里迷了路。更糟糕的是,天開始黑了。
    3.At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.這會兒,書把地板的每一點空隙都占據(jù)了,我實際上是踩著這些書進出房間的。
    (1)at the moment表示“此刻”、“目前”:
    At the moment, I'm busy preparing for the exams.
    目前我正忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。
    (2)to get…為表示目的的不定式短語,相當(dāng)于一個從句。
    4.You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!空閑時你可以坐在這兒讀地毯!
    spare可以表示“空閑的”、“多余的”:
    I like to read in my spare time.
    我空閑時喜歡讀書。
    Have you got a spare moment?
    你(現(xiàn)在)有空嗎?
    語法 Grammar in use
    1.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時
    在第4課、第28課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)在完成時的用法以及經(jīng)常與它連用的時間副詞(或短語)、介詞等。現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have been+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,強調(diào)動作在某一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行,而且動作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止,該動作可能已不再繼續(xù)進行,也可能還在繼續(xù)進行,這要根據(jù)上下文來確定。句子中常含有all+表示時間的詞語如all day, all morning等或for和since。一般說來,現(xiàn)在完成表示已完成的動作,現(xiàn)在完成進行時則可表示尚未完成的動作。有些動詞,如learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work等本身就有持續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時形式與現(xiàn)在完成進行時形式可以互換,惟一的區(qū)別是后者更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性:
    2.形容詞、相應(yīng)的副詞及其用法
    (1)許多副詞,特別是表示方式的副詞,皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,如easy(容易的)/easily(容易地),beautiful(漂亮的)/beautifully(漂亮地)。一些頻度副詞也如此構(gòu)成,如usual(通常的)/usually(通常)。還有少數(shù)幾個表示程度及觀點的副詞也都以-ly結(jié)尾:high(高的)/highly(高度地),real(真的)/really(真正的)。這些副詞與它相應(yīng)的形容詞的意義區(qū)別不大,比較容易掌握:
    She is very happy now.
    她現(xiàn)在很快樂。
    She lives happily with her mother.
    她和母親一起快樂地生活。
    (2)有些副詞雖然由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成,但在意義上與其相應(yīng)的形容詞并不相同,如hard(勤奮的,困難的)/hardly(幾乎不),cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的),late(遲到的,晚的)/lately(近,近來),near(近的,接近的)/nearly(幾乎,差不多,差點兒)。有些副詞有兩種形式。有的意義相同,如cheap(廉價地)/cheaply(廉價地),但有的意義不同如late(遲,晚)/lately(近來),hard(努力地,猛烈地)/hardly(幾乎不)。有些副詞在形式上與形容詞相同,如fast(快),past(過去),far(遠(yuǎn))等。
    (3)大多數(shù)方式副詞的位置一般在賓語或動詞后面:
    Look at this photo carefully.
    仔細(xì)看這張照片。(賓語后面)
    It snowed heavily last night.
    昨天夜里雪下得很大。(動詞后面)
    Why don't you try to work hard?
    你為什么不努力工作呢?(動詞后面)
    表示時間的副詞常位于句尾,有時也可位于句首:
    This morning I got up very early/ late.
    今天早上我起得很早/晚。(句首或句尾)
    程度副詞,如almost, enough, hardly, nearly, quite, rather, too等,大部分用在它們所修飾的詞之前:
    The film was quite good.
    這個電影相當(dāng)不錯。(修飾形容詞)
    I nearly cried out with surprise.
    我驚訝得幾乎叫了起來。(修飾動詞)
    副詞的位置比較復(fù)雜,大部分要看具體情況。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.own
    (1)vt. 擁有:
    I own over a thousand books.
    我有一千多本書。
    Who owns this car?
    這輛車是誰的?
    (2)vt.,vi. 承認(rèn):
    He owned(that)he had made a mistake.
    他承認(rèn)自己犯了個錯誤。
    He owned to stealing the wallet.
    他承認(rèn)偷了錢包。
    (3)adj.自己的:
    He lives in his own house.
    他住在自己家里。
    He has a car of his own.
    他有一輛自己的車。
    2.quite與quiet
    由于發(fā)音和詞形都很相似,這兩個單詞往往容易搞混,其實區(qū)別很大。
    (1)quite為程度副詞,表示“完全”、“相當(dāng)”、“很”等含義:
    I'm quite ready.
    我已全準(zhǔn)備好了。
    That hat is quite pretty.
    那頂帽子很漂亮。
    Are you quite certain?
    你敢完全肯定嗎?
    She isn't quite happy.
    她不是很開心。
    (2)quiet可作形容詞,表示“安靜的”、“平靜的”、“靜止的”、“寂靜的”等:
    Please be quiet.
    請安靜點。
    The sea was very quiet this morning.
    今天上午大海很平靜。
    The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
    孩子們走了之后屋子里又變得寂靜了。
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A What has happened: We have just moved(1.1);This has not been easy(1.3); I have…put(11.4-5); I have ever seen(1.9)
    What has been happening: I have been working(1.1);I have been trying(1.2)
    C have explained…h(huán)ave understood…Have you been listening…h(huán)as been working/ has worked…h(huán)as been earning/ has earned…h(huán)as she earned…h(huán)ave not been listening
    2.難點練習(xí)答案
    1 carefully 2 hard 3 hard 4 late 5 nearly 6 fast 7 high
    3.多項選擇題答案
    1 b 2c 3c 4a 5b 6d
    7 c 8 b 9a 10 c 11b 12 d