常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語

字號(hào):

diseases 疾病
    acute diseases 急性病
    advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病
    chronic diseases慢性病
    communicable diseases 傳染病
    complicating diseases 并發(fā)病
    congenital diseases 先天性疾病
    acquired diseases 后天性疾病
    contagious diseases接觸性傳染病
    endemic diseases 地方病
    epidemic diseases 流行病
    functional diseases 機(jī)能病、官能病
    infectious diseases 傳染病
    inherited diseases 遺傳病
    malignant diseases惡性病
    nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病
    occupation diseases 職業(yè)病
    organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病
    paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病
    periodical diseases 周期病
    primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病
    secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病
    sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
    terminal diseases 絕癥
    wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴
    clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)
    delivery history 分娩史
    etiology病因?qū)W
    family history 家族史
    history, medical history 病史
    precipitating(induced)誘因
    marital status婚姻狀況
    menstrual history 月經(jīng)史
    menarche 初潮
    menopause閉經(jīng)
    past history既往史
    pathogenesis 發(fā)病機(jī)制
    personal history 個(gè)人史symptoms 癥狀
    cardinal symptom 主要癥狀
    classical symptom 典型癥狀
    concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀
    constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀
    indirect symptom 間接癥狀
    induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀
    local symptom 局部癥狀
    mental symptom精神癥狀
    symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群
    signs體征
    antecedent 前驅(qū)征
    assident (accessory) 副征
    commemorative 后遺癥
    sign of death 死征
    diagnostic診斷征
    sign of disease 病征
    subjective 自覺征,主觀征
    vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征
    body length (height of the body) 身高
    body weight 體重
    barrel chest 桶狀胸
    cachexia 惡病質(zhì)
    compulsive position 被動(dòng)體位
    critical facies 病危面容
    emaciation 消瘦
    enophthalmos 眼球下陷
    entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻
    exophthalmos 眼球突出
    flushed face 面色潮紅
    gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重
    lock-jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉
    lordosis 脊柱前凸 醫(yī).學(xué)教育網(wǎng)整理
    nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動(dòng)
    nystagmus 眼震
    obesity 肥胖
    pallor 蒼白
    scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸
    agitation 焦急不安
    debility, weakness 虛弱
    diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗
    dizziness, vertigo 眩暈
    lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠
    malaise 不適
    night sweat 盜汗
    numbness 麻木
    rigor, chill 寒冷,發(fā)冷
    perspiration, sweating 出汗
    pruritus, itching 癢,
    somasthenia 軀體無力
    tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫
    acidosis 酸中毒
    adhesion 粘連
    alkalosis 堿中毒
    allergy 過敏
    coagulation defect 凝血不良
    congestion 充血
    dehydration 脫水
    distention 膨脹
    edema 水腫
    embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成
    fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂
    gangrene 壞疽
    hematoma 血腫
    hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
    infarction 梗塞,梗死
    infection 傳染
    inflammation 炎癥
    ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
    metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移
    perforation 穿孔
    necrosis 壞死
    shock 休克
    response 反應(yīng),應(yīng)答
    reaction 反應(yīng),感應(yīng)
    thrombosis 血栓形成
    ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱
    continuous fever 稽留熱
    intermittent fever 間歇熱
    low-grade fever 低熱
    remittent fever 馳張熱
    relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛
    burning pain 灼痛
    chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛
    cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛
    dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛
    pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
    radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛
    cardiac angina 心絞痛
    backache 背痛
    colic 絞痛,急腹痛
    earache 耳痛
    headache 頭痛
    neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛
    migraine 偏頭痛
    rebound tenderness 反跳痛
    somatalgia 軀體痛
    sore throat 咽喉痛
    stomachache 胃痛
    toothache 牙痛
    bloody sputum 帶血的痰
    cough 咳嗽
    dry cough 干咳
    expectoration 咳痰
    expectoration of blood 咳血
    hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
    apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息
    asthma 氣喘,哮喘
    Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸
    dyspnea 呼吸困難
    hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度
    hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表
    hypoxia 低氧,缺氧
    orthopnea 端坐呼吸
    respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
    suffocation 窒息
    tachypnea 呼吸急促
    fetid breath 口臭
    fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊
    atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全
    cardiac arrest 心搏驟停
    cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大
    cyanosis 發(fā)紺,青紫
    distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張
    extrasystole 期外收縮
    gallop rhythm 奔馬律
    hemopleura 血胸
    hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流
    hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少
    palpitation 心悸
    tachycardia 心動(dòng)過速
    pneumothorax 氣胸
    thrill 震顫
    absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
    dull sound 濁音
    hyperresonant 鼓音
    rale 啰音
    rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音
    wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食
    dysphagia 吞咽困難
    eructation 噯氣
    belching 噯氣
    flatulence 氣脹
    flatus 腸胃氣,*
    gaseous distention 胃脹氣
    hematemesis 嘔血
    hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆
    nausea 惡心
    pyrosis 胃灼熱
    regurgitation 反胃,回流
    thirsty 口渴
    vomiting 嘔吐
    anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
    ascites 腹水
    board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹
    decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱
    exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張
    fistula 瘺,瘺管
    hemorrhoid 痔
    hernia 疝
    hepatomegaly 肝腫大
    intussusception 腸套疊
    jaundice 黃疸
    muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)
    peristalsis 蠕動(dòng)
    loss of peristalsis 蠕動(dòng)消失
    mass peristalsis 總?cè)鋭?dòng)
    retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動(dòng)
    prolapse 脫垂
    prolapse of anus 脫肛
    rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛
    volvulus 腸扭轉(zhuǎn)calculus 結(jié)石, 石
    biliary calculus 膽結(jié)石
    vesical calculus 膀胱結(jié)石constipation 便秘
    defecation 排便
    diarrhea 腹瀉
    incontinence of feces 大便失禁
    hematochezia 便血
    fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
    occult blood 潛血
    painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動(dòng)
    clay colored stools 陶土色便
    dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物
    fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞
    foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢
    scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
    tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿
    burning sensation no urination 排尿時(shí)的灼燒感
    dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛
    enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿
    frequency of urination 尿頻
    micturation 排尿
    uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
    nocturia 夜尿
    oliguria 少尿
    polyuria 多尿
    tenesmus 里急后重
    vesical tenesmus 排尿時(shí)里急后重
    uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷
    urgency of urination 尿急
    urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
    chyluria 乳糜尿
    cylindruia 管型尿
    glycosuria 糖尿
    hematuria 血尿
    ketonuria 酮尿
    pneumatinuria 氣尿
    proteinuria 蛋白尿
    pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經(jīng)閉,無月經(jīng)
    dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)
    menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多
    lochia 惡露
    menorrhea 行經(jīng),月經(jīng)過多
    menstruation 月經(jīng)
    uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點(diǎn)
    bruise 挫傷,青腫
    acne 痤瘡,粉刺
    desquamation 脫皮,脫屑
    ecchymosis 瘀斑
    loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈
    nevus 痣
    papule 丘疹
    petechia 瘀點(diǎn),瘀斑
    pigmentation 色素沉著
    pustule 膿皰
    purpura 紫癲
    red nodule 紅結(jié)節(jié)
    roseola 玫瑰疹
    scar 傷疤
    senile plaque 老人斑
    spider anaioma 蛛形痣
    subcutaneous nodule 皮下結(jié)節(jié)
    urticaria 蕁麻疹
    vesicle 小水皰
    vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
    blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊
    impaired vision 視力下降
    lacrimation 流淚
    papilledema 視神經(jīng)*水腫
    photophobia 畏光,羞明
    retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾
    hearing loss 聽力喪失
    tinnitus 耳鳴
    epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
    impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙
    nasal discharge 鼻涕
    nasal obstruction 鼻塞
    sneeze 噴嚏
    snore 打鼾
    aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥
    hoarseness 嘶啞
    gum bleeding 齒齦出血
    herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡
    Koplik‘s spots 科普利克斑
    lead line of the gum 齦鉛線
    salivation, drooling 流口水
    straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
    tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮
    contracture 攣縮
    deformity 畸形,變形
    dislocation 脫位
    fracture 骨折
    closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折,單純性骨折
    comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
    compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折
    knock-knee 膝外翻
    opisthotonos 角弓反張
    prosthesis 假體
    spasm 痙攣
    tetany (?。?qiáng)直,手足抽搦
    wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語
    ataxia 共濟(jì)失調(diào)
    coma 昏迷
    consciousness 知覺,意識(shí)
    convulsion 抽搐,驚厥
    delirium 譫妄
    delusion 妄想
    faint 昏厥
    hallucination 幻覺
    hemiplegia 偏癱
    increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高
    insanity 精神錯(cuò)亂
    loss of orientation 定向喪失
    mania 躁狂
    memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥
    paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹
    projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐
    somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡
    stupor 木僵,昏呆
    tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓
    unconsciousness 失去知覺
    yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
    cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
    腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象
    failure 衰竭,故障
    central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
    中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷
    auscultation 聽診
    inspection 視診
    palpation觸診
    percussion 叩診
    laboratory examination 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查
    physical examination 體格檢查
    rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診
    impression 印象
    tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷
    differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷
    final diagnosis 最后診斷
    prognosis 預(yù)后
    prescription 處方
    incubation (latent) period 潛伏期
    prodromal stage 前驅(qū)期
    incipient stage 初期
    quiescent stage 靜止期
    alleviation 減輕,緩和
    remission 緩解
    attack 發(fā)作
    convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復(fù)期
    rehabilitation 康復(fù)
    relapse 復(fù)發(fā)
    sudden death 猝死
    moribund 瀕死的
    course of the disease 病程
    course of the treatment 療程
    indication 適應(yīng)癥,指征
    complication 并發(fā)癥
    contraindication 禁忌癥
    side-effect 副作用
    sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥
    therapies 治療方法
    acupuncture therapy 針刺療法
    block therapy 封閉療法
    chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學(xué)療法
    combined therapy 綜合療法
    conservative therapy 保守療法
    constitutional therapy 全身療法
    dietetic therapy 飲食療法
    operative treatment 手術(shù)療法
    palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法
    physical therapy 物理療法
    psychotherapy 精神療法
    radical treatment 根治
    radio-therapy 放射性療法
    supporting treatment 支持療法
    symptomatic treatment對癥療法
    cardiac massage 心臟按摩
    cardiac pacing 心臟起博
    electrotherapy 電療法
    electroshock treatment 電休克療法
    hemodialysis 血液透析
    hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法
    insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法
    light therapy 光療法
    therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育