英語口語頻道為大家整理的英語口語8000句：揭露藥醫(yī)利益關(guān)系的新招，供大家參考:)
TWO drug executives walked into a bar. No, this is not the start of a joke. The workers for Roche, a Swiss drugs firm, had been dining with doctors after a medical conference. At the bar, alleged an anonymous complaint in a recent report by a British industry watchdog, they bought the doctors drinks (“shots of varying colours flowed like hot lava”). One executive danced on stage, prompting bar staff to throw him out. Roche maintains its managers ran into the doctors and did not buy them drinks. But the evening hardly seems like the finest moment in the history of ties between doctors and drug companies.
兩名制藥公司的高管走進(jìn)一家酒吧。別理解錯(cuò)了，這可不是在講笑話。瑞士制藥企業(yè)羅氏公司（Roche）的員工開完醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議后，此時(shí)正和醫(yī)生們共進(jìn)晚餐。在一家英國行業(yè)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)近發(fā)表的報(bào)告中，一位匿名人士指控這兩名員工在酒吧請(qǐng)醫(yī)生喝酒（“照片上的酒顏色各異，像噴涌而出的火熱巖漿”）。一名高管登臺(tái)起舞，結(jié)果被酒吧服務(wù)人員趕了出去。瑞士公司則堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，其負(fù)責(zé)人是偶然碰到幾位醫(yī)生的，而且也沒有請(qǐng)他們喝酒。但這個(gè)夜晚怎么看也不像是醫(yī)生與制藥企業(yè)的關(guān)系美好的時(shí)刻。
That relationship is a poorly regulated muddle. At one (beneficial) extreme, firms work with doctors to create new treatments. At the other end of the spectrum, firms bribe doctors to prescribe their drugs. America’s justice department has wrung huge settlements from companies over such charges. Between these poles is a lot of activity deemed standard by some, repugnant by others—and which is increasingly subject to new laws.
二者關(guān)系疏于監(jiān)管，可謂一團(tuán)糟。一個(gè)（有益的）極端是，企業(yè)為創(chuàng)造新的治療方案與醫(yī)生合作。另一個(gè)極端則是企業(yè)向醫(yī)生行賄，以便讓醫(yī)生在開藥時(shí)選擇他們廠家的產(chǎn)品。美國司法部門從此類官司涉及的公司中榨取了大量罰金。兩個(gè)極端之間可以有種種行事，有些人視之為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有些人則嗤之以鼻，而新法律對(duì)這些管得越來越嚴(yán)了。
This month American regulators released rules to implement a so-called Sunshine law designed to improve transparency. France passed a similar law in 2011. Firms in Britain are planning voluntary disclosures. By 2015 more than 70% of drug sales will be in countries with such measures, according to Deloitte, a consultancy.
本月，美國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)公布了新規(guī)定，旨在貫徹實(shí)施一部所謂的“陽光法案”，以提高企業(yè)透明度。法國在2011年通過了一部類似的法案。英國的企業(yè)正計(jì)劃著主動(dòng)公示信息。據(jù)咨詢公司德勤（Deloitte）顯示，在2015年前，70%以上的藥品會(huì)在采取此類措施的國家中銷售。
America’s health-care market, the world’s biggest, is particularly busy. In 2012 pharmaceutical companies spent more than $24 billion marketing drugs to doctors, according to Cegedim Strategic Data, a research firm; 35% of doctors accept food, entertainment or travel from the pharmaceutical industry, said a survey by Deloitte last year, while 16% accept consulting or speaking fees. In most states, doctors take regular courses to maintain their licences. In 2011 drug and device companies sponsored nearly a third of the medical training tracked by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.
美國擁有世界上大的醫(yī)療市場(chǎng)。如今，該市場(chǎng)相當(dāng)熱鬧。據(jù)調(diào)查公司Cegedim Strategic Data 稱，2012年制藥企業(yè)為了向醫(yī)生推銷藥品，所花費(fèi)用超過240億美元；根據(jù)德勤去年做的一份調(diào)查顯示，35%的醫(yī)生接受了制藥行業(yè)的宴請(qǐng)或其提供的免費(fèi)旅游，而16%的醫(yī)生收受了咨詢費(fèi)，或者說演講費(fèi)。大部分州的醫(yī)生為維持醫(yī)師資格證，需要定期接受培訓(xùn)。2011年美國繼續(xù)醫(yī)學(xué)教育認(rèn)證委員會(huì)（Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education）發(fā)現(xiàn)，其追蹤調(diào)查的醫(yī)學(xué)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)中有近1/3是由醫(yī)藥和器械公司贊助。
Such chumminess has long raised fears about undue influence. In 2008 two health-industry groups set tighter, voluntary standards for companies. In 2009 America’s Institute of Medicine, an advisory body, urged much stricter regulation to prevent conflicts of interest.
一直以來，人們都擔(dān)心醫(yī)商之間的這種親密無間會(huì)帶來不好的影響。2008年，兩家醫(yī)療健康產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)為企業(yè)制定了更嚴(yán)格的自愿性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2009年，美國顧問團(tuán)醫(yī)院研究所（America’s Institute of Medicine）敦促要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度，防止利益糾紛。
Legislative action, though, has been slow, especially at the federal level. The Sunshine law, passed as part of Barack Obama’s health reform, is the first national requirement for transparency. Each year drug and device firms must disclose payments and other “transfers of value” to doctors. They must also report research fees and doctors’ investment interests. The first filing will appear on a public database by September 30th, 2014.
不過美國在立法方面行動(dòng)一直很慢，尤其是聯(lián)邦層級(jí)的立法?！瓣柟夥ò浮笔亲鳛榘屠??奧巴馬醫(yī)療改革項(xiàng)目的一部分通過的，它是第一部為提高透明度的法案。每年，醫(yī)藥和器械公司必須公開支付信息，以及其他用在醫(yī)生身上的開銷。他們也必須匯報(bào)研究經(jīng)費(fèi)、醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療公司投資股權(quán)。第一批申報(bào)文案將于2014年9月30日前上傳至公共數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
The rule’s broader effects are uncertain. It does not limit firms’ interactions with doctors; it merely requires them to be reported. Certain marketing techniques, such as providing free drug samples, are exempt. And in some ways the law is already out of date. It regulates only doctors and some hospitals, not nurses, pharmacists or hospital bureaucrats who have a growing role in patients’ treatment.
這項(xiàng)規(guī)定會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣更大范圍的影響還不得而知。它并沒有限制企業(yè)與醫(yī)生之間的往來；僅僅只是要求他們上報(bào)相關(guān)信息。某些營(yíng)銷方案不在監(jiān)管之列，比如為醫(yī)生提供免費(fèi)的藥物樣品。法律在某些方面已經(jīng)過時(shí)了，它所監(jiān)管的只有醫(yī)生和某些醫(yī)院，卻不包括護(hù)士、藥劑師或者醫(yī)院的行政人員，而這些人在病人的治療中發(fā)揮的作用越來越大。
Nevertheless, the Sunshine law is likely to lead to at least one change. Firms already have data on each doctor’s prescriptions, points out Chris Wright of ZS Associates, a consultancy. The Sunshine law will also provide them with exhaustive data on how much they and their competitors spend to market drugs to that doctor. This will let firms track which type of marketing spurs the most prescriptions. Companies will not stop wooing doctors. They may simply get better at it.
盡管如此，陽光法案至少可能帶來一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變。咨詢公司Chris Wright of ZS Associates指出，制藥企業(yè)已經(jīng)掌握了每個(gè)醫(yī)生的處方內(nèi)容。陽光法案還將為這些企業(yè)提供詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)，讓他們了解自己和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在向醫(yī)生推銷藥品時(shí)的花銷情況。這將有利于企業(yè)追蹤調(diào)查，找出利于銷售的推銷方案。將來，企業(yè)還是會(huì)向醫(yī)生獻(xiàn)殷勤。但或許他們只是更擅長(zhǎng)罷了。
TWO drug executives walked into a bar. No, this is not the start of a joke. The workers for Roche, a Swiss drugs firm, had been dining with doctors after a medical conference. At the bar, alleged an anonymous complaint in a recent report by a British industry watchdog, they bought the doctors drinks (“shots of varying colours flowed like hot lava”). One executive danced on stage, prompting bar staff to throw him out. Roche maintains its managers ran into the doctors and did not buy them drinks. But the evening hardly seems like the finest moment in the history of ties between doctors and drug companies.
兩名制藥公司的高管走進(jìn)一家酒吧。別理解錯(cuò)了，這可不是在講笑話。瑞士制藥企業(yè)羅氏公司（Roche）的員工開完醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議后，此時(shí)正和醫(yī)生們共進(jìn)晚餐。在一家英國行業(yè)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)近發(fā)表的報(bào)告中，一位匿名人士指控這兩名員工在酒吧請(qǐng)醫(yī)生喝酒（“照片上的酒顏色各異，像噴涌而出的火熱巖漿”）。一名高管登臺(tái)起舞，結(jié)果被酒吧服務(wù)人員趕了出去。瑞士公司則堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，其負(fù)責(zé)人是偶然碰到幾位醫(yī)生的，而且也沒有請(qǐng)他們喝酒。但這個(gè)夜晚怎么看也不像是醫(yī)生與制藥企業(yè)的關(guān)系美好的時(shí)刻。
That relationship is a poorly regulated muddle. At one (beneficial) extreme, firms work with doctors to create new treatments. At the other end of the spectrum, firms bribe doctors to prescribe their drugs. America’s justice department has wrung huge settlements from companies over such charges. Between these poles is a lot of activity deemed standard by some, repugnant by others—and which is increasingly subject to new laws.
二者關(guān)系疏于監(jiān)管，可謂一團(tuán)糟。一個(gè)（有益的）極端是，企業(yè)為創(chuàng)造新的治療方案與醫(yī)生合作。另一個(gè)極端則是企業(yè)向醫(yī)生行賄，以便讓醫(yī)生在開藥時(shí)選擇他們廠家的產(chǎn)品。美國司法部門從此類官司涉及的公司中榨取了大量罰金。兩個(gè)極端之間可以有種種行事，有些人視之為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有些人則嗤之以鼻，而新法律對(duì)這些管得越來越嚴(yán)了。
This month American regulators released rules to implement a so-called Sunshine law designed to improve transparency. France passed a similar law in 2011. Firms in Britain are planning voluntary disclosures. By 2015 more than 70% of drug sales will be in countries with such measures, according to Deloitte, a consultancy.
本月，美國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)公布了新規(guī)定，旨在貫徹實(shí)施一部所謂的“陽光法案”，以提高企業(yè)透明度。法國在2011年通過了一部類似的法案。英國的企業(yè)正計(jì)劃著主動(dòng)公示信息。據(jù)咨詢公司德勤（Deloitte）顯示，在2015年前，70%以上的藥品會(huì)在采取此類措施的國家中銷售。
America’s health-care market, the world’s biggest, is particularly busy. In 2012 pharmaceutical companies spent more than $24 billion marketing drugs to doctors, according to Cegedim Strategic Data, a research firm; 35% of doctors accept food, entertainment or travel from the pharmaceutical industry, said a survey by Deloitte last year, while 16% accept consulting or speaking fees. In most states, doctors take regular courses to maintain their licences. In 2011 drug and device companies sponsored nearly a third of the medical training tracked by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.
美國擁有世界上大的醫(yī)療市場(chǎng)。如今，該市場(chǎng)相當(dāng)熱鬧。據(jù)調(diào)查公司Cegedim Strategic Data 稱，2012年制藥企業(yè)為了向醫(yī)生推銷藥品，所花費(fèi)用超過240億美元；根據(jù)德勤去年做的一份調(diào)查顯示，35%的醫(yī)生接受了制藥行業(yè)的宴請(qǐng)或其提供的免費(fèi)旅游，而16%的醫(yī)生收受了咨詢費(fèi)，或者說演講費(fèi)。大部分州的醫(yī)生為維持醫(yī)師資格證，需要定期接受培訓(xùn)。2011年美國繼續(xù)醫(yī)學(xué)教育認(rèn)證委員會(huì)（Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education）發(fā)現(xiàn)，其追蹤調(diào)查的醫(yī)學(xué)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)中有近1/3是由醫(yī)藥和器械公司贊助。
Such chumminess has long raised fears about undue influence. In 2008 two health-industry groups set tighter, voluntary standards for companies. In 2009 America’s Institute of Medicine, an advisory body, urged much stricter regulation to prevent conflicts of interest.
一直以來，人們都擔(dān)心醫(yī)商之間的這種親密無間會(huì)帶來不好的影響。2008年，兩家醫(yī)療健康產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)為企業(yè)制定了更嚴(yán)格的自愿性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2009年，美國顧問團(tuán)醫(yī)院研究所（America’s Institute of Medicine）敦促要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度，防止利益糾紛。
Legislative action, though, has been slow, especially at the federal level. The Sunshine law, passed as part of Barack Obama’s health reform, is the first national requirement for transparency. Each year drug and device firms must disclose payments and other “transfers of value” to doctors. They must also report research fees and doctors’ investment interests. The first filing will appear on a public database by September 30th, 2014.
不過美國在立法方面行動(dòng)一直很慢，尤其是聯(lián)邦層級(jí)的立法?！瓣柟夥ò浮笔亲鳛榘屠??奧巴馬醫(yī)療改革項(xiàng)目的一部分通過的，它是第一部為提高透明度的法案。每年，醫(yī)藥和器械公司必須公開支付信息，以及其他用在醫(yī)生身上的開銷。他們也必須匯報(bào)研究經(jīng)費(fèi)、醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療公司投資股權(quán)。第一批申報(bào)文案將于2014年9月30日前上傳至公共數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
The rule’s broader effects are uncertain. It does not limit firms’ interactions with doctors; it merely requires them to be reported. Certain marketing techniques, such as providing free drug samples, are exempt. And in some ways the law is already out of date. It regulates only doctors and some hospitals, not nurses, pharmacists or hospital bureaucrats who have a growing role in patients’ treatment.
這項(xiàng)規(guī)定會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣更大范圍的影響還不得而知。它并沒有限制企業(yè)與醫(yī)生之間的往來；僅僅只是要求他們上報(bào)相關(guān)信息。某些營(yíng)銷方案不在監(jiān)管之列，比如為醫(yī)生提供免費(fèi)的藥物樣品。法律在某些方面已經(jīng)過時(shí)了，它所監(jiān)管的只有醫(yī)生和某些醫(yī)院，卻不包括護(hù)士、藥劑師或者醫(yī)院的行政人員，而這些人在病人的治療中發(fā)揮的作用越來越大。
Nevertheless, the Sunshine law is likely to lead to at least one change. Firms already have data on each doctor’s prescriptions, points out Chris Wright of ZS Associates, a consultancy. The Sunshine law will also provide them with exhaustive data on how much they and their competitors spend to market drugs to that doctor. This will let firms track which type of marketing spurs the most prescriptions. Companies will not stop wooing doctors. They may simply get better at it.
盡管如此，陽光法案至少可能帶來一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變。咨詢公司Chris Wright of ZS Associates指出，制藥企業(yè)已經(jīng)掌握了每個(gè)醫(yī)生的處方內(nèi)容。陽光法案還將為這些企業(yè)提供詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)，讓他們了解自己和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在向醫(yī)生推銷藥品時(shí)的花銷情況。這將有利于企業(yè)追蹤調(diào)查，找出利于銷售的推銷方案。將來，企業(yè)還是會(huì)向醫(yī)生獻(xiàn)殷勤。但或許他們只是更擅長(zhǎng)罷了。