一、總述
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。我們通常所說(shuō)的時(shí)態(tài)，其實(shí)反映的是兩個(gè)不同的概念，即tense (時(shí))和aspect (態(tài)和體)。從時(shí)間上來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來(lái)及過去將來(lái)4 種。從表現(xiàn)形式(或稱“體”)上來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有一般時(shí)態(tài)、過去時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)4 種。兩者的結(jié)合構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。共有16 種，具體見下表所示(以動(dòng)詞do 為例)。
二、重要考點(diǎn)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、一般狀態(tài)、客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理。如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，其動(dòng)詞后需加s 或es。例如：
He always gets up late on Sundays.
He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
在以as soon as 、when 、after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，或以if、unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I’ll ring you as soon as he comes back.
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。表示后一種情況時(shí)，動(dòng)作也一定正在進(jìn)行。例如：
They are constructing that building.
Steve is studying Chinese best.
1) 并非所有動(dòng)詞都有進(jìn)行時(shí)，有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，除非這類動(dòng)詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動(dòng)詞有：be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem 等。例如：
Do you see anyone over there?
Are you seeing someone off?(see off 意思是“送行”。)
2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：它指按人們的計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或指即將開始的動(dòng)作。例如：
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
Imagine I’m seeing the Mona Lisa.
3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來(lái)給習(xí)慣動(dòng)作加上贊賞或討厭等感情色彩。例如：
She is always cooking some delicious food for her family.
He is always finding fault with his employees.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示目前已完成的動(dòng)作或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示從過去某一刻發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在仍延續(xù)著的動(dòng)作或情況。此時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例如：
The conference has lasted for five days.
He’s just bought an unusual taxi.
1) 當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。此類狀語(yǔ)有up to (till) now 、so far、these days 、this summer 、for… (后接一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ))，since…(后接過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間)等。例如：
We haven’t seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 2句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。例如：
What did she say about it?
I have lived in Beijing for 15 years
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。我們通常所說(shuō)的時(shí)態(tài)，其實(shí)反映的是兩個(gè)不同的概念，即tense (時(shí))和aspect (態(tài)和體)。從時(shí)間上來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來(lái)及過去將來(lái)4 種。從表現(xiàn)形式(或稱“體”)上來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有一般時(shí)態(tài)、過去時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)4 種。兩者的結(jié)合構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。共有16 種，具體見下表所示(以動(dòng)詞do 為例)。
| 一般時(shí)態(tài) | 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) | 完成時(shí)態(tài) | 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) | |
| 現(xiàn)在 | do does | is | has done | has been doing |
| am doing | have done | have been doing | ||
| are | ||||
| 過去 | did | was doing were doing | had done | had been doing |
| 將來(lái) | shall do | shall be doing | shall have done | shall have been doing |
| will do | will be doing | will have done | will have been doing | |
| 過去將來(lái) | should do would do | should be doing would be doing | should have done would have done | should have been doing would have been doing |
二、重要考點(diǎn)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、一般狀態(tài)、客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理。如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，其動(dòng)詞后需加s 或es。例如：
He always gets up late on Sundays.
He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
在以as soon as 、when 、after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，或以if、unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I’ll ring you as soon as he comes back.
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。表示后一種情況時(shí)，動(dòng)作也一定正在進(jìn)行。例如：
They are constructing that building.
Steve is studying Chinese best.
1) 并非所有動(dòng)詞都有進(jìn)行時(shí)，有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，除非這類動(dòng)詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動(dòng)詞有：be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem 等。例如：
Do you see anyone over there?
Are you seeing someone off?(see off 意思是“送行”。)
2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：它指按人們的計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或指即將開始的動(dòng)作。例如：
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
Imagine I’m seeing the Mona Lisa.
3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來(lái)給習(xí)慣動(dòng)作加上贊賞或討厭等感情色彩。例如：
She is always cooking some delicious food for her family.
He is always finding fault with his employees.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示目前已完成的動(dòng)作或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示從過去某一刻發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在仍延續(xù)著的動(dòng)作或情況。此時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例如：
The conference has lasted for five days.
He’s just bought an unusual taxi.
1) 當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。此類狀語(yǔ)有up to (till) now 、so far、these days 、this summer 、for… (后接一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ))，since…(后接過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間)等。例如：
We haven’t seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 2句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。例如：
What did she say about it?
I have lived in Beijing for 15 years