英語聽力頻道為大家整理的瘋狂英語聽力下載：遺傳學(xué)之父，供大家參考:)
4. Father of Genetics 遺傳學(xué)之父
His name is introduced to biology students, but often forgotten after the final exam. His pioneering discoveries went unnoticed by the world until years after his death. But now, in the era of genetic engineering and cloning debates, scientists are elevating Johann Gregor Mendel to his rightful place in history alongside betterknown, 19th century contemporaries such as Charles Darwin.
他的名字常常被介紹給生物系的學(xué)生，但在期末考試后又往往被遺忘。他的發(fā)現(xiàn)具有開拓精神，但在他生前卻一直不為世人所重視。不過現(xiàn)如今，在基因工程領(lǐng)域和克隆研討會場合上，科學(xué)家們正在將約翰•格雷戈爾•孟德爾提升到一個他應(yīng)有的歷史地位，并列于查爾斯•達(dá)爾文等19世紀(jì)同時代的其他的科學(xué)家。
Experts and scientists have collected artwork and artifacts inside the partially restored Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno, a Czech city where Mendel lived, experimented with pea plants and published his historic findings in 1866, becoming the “father of genetics”.
專家和科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)從一座部分被修復(fù)了的捷克布爾諾市圣托馬斯修道院中，收集了一些藝術(shù)品和史前古器物。當(dāng)年孟德爾就生活在布爾諾，在該處他用豌豆植物做實驗，并且于1866年公布了他那具有歷史意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因而成為“遺傳學(xué)之父”。
The abbey, which dates from the 14th century, was seized from the Augustinian monks by communists in 1950 and returned to the religious order after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. A restoration project began in 1996. Yet much of the stone complex remains unused.
這座教堂的歷史可以追溯到14世紀(jì)，1950年共產(chǎn)主義者從奧古斯丁教士手中接手這座教堂，直到1989年天鵝絨革命后才又重新恢復(fù)了宗教活動。1996年修繕工程開始，然而其原本的很多石材沒有被利用上。
Mendel was born to a farming family in what's today the eastern Czech Republic. He became a priest in 1847 and later studied science at the University of Vienna. Fascinated by plant hybridization, he began experimenting in the abbey garden with pea plants.
孟德爾出生于一個農(nóng)民家庭，位于今天東捷克共和國境內(nèi)。1847年他成為一名牧師，后來也去過維也納大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)。由于對植物雜交十分著迷，他開始在修道院的花園里用豌豆做實驗。
During the 1850s Mendel carefully and systematically crossbred the plants until reaching conclusions that form the basis for the laws of heredity. He presented his landmark paper in 1865 and had it published the next year. But no one noticed.
19世紀(jì)50年代，孟德爾在認(rèn)真而系統(tǒng)地實驗植物的雜交后得出相關(guān)結(jié)論，并在此基礎(chǔ)上將其發(fā)展為遺傳規(guī)律。1865年他完成了具有里程碑意義的論文，并于1866年將其發(fā)表。不過當(dāng)時沒有得到重視。
According to scholars, Mendel's contemporaries failed to grasp the significance of his discoveries. But around 1900—long after his death in 1884—a British zoologist reintroduced the Czech scientist and his work, sparking an era of medical, agricultural and scientific progress that continues today.
孟德爾死于1884年。但據(jù)學(xué)者所說，他同時代的人沒能認(rèn)識到其發(fā)現(xiàn)具有重大意義，直到他死后多年，1900年前后一位英國的動物學(xué)家才重新向人們介紹這位捷克科學(xué)家及其成就，從而肇始了一個醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)及科學(xué)發(fā)展的時代，至今方興未艾。
Indeed, thanks to Mendel and his peas, modern man understands why children inherit their parents' traits, what roles are played by chromosomes and DNA in living things and how genetics can be used to improve human health. Around 1996, his findings led to the famous cloning of Dolly the sheep, as well as ethical debates over human cloning and farming with genetically modified crops.
毋庸質(zhì)疑，由于孟德爾和他的豌豆，現(xiàn)代人才得以了解為什么孩子遺傳了父母的特性，染色體和DNA在生命體中扮演什么角色以及怎樣利用遺傳學(xué)來改善人類的健康。孟德爾的發(fā)現(xiàn)在1996年左右又引發(fā)了克隆研究，實驗出的多利羊，也同樣引發(fā)了關(guān)于克隆人類和種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的倫理爭論。
4. Father of Genetics 遺傳學(xué)之父
His name is introduced to biology students, but often forgotten after the final exam. His pioneering discoveries went unnoticed by the world until years after his death. But now, in the era of genetic engineering and cloning debates, scientists are elevating Johann Gregor Mendel to his rightful place in history alongside betterknown, 19th century contemporaries such as Charles Darwin.
他的名字常常被介紹給生物系的學(xué)生，但在期末考試后又往往被遺忘。他的發(fā)現(xiàn)具有開拓精神，但在他生前卻一直不為世人所重視。不過現(xiàn)如今，在基因工程領(lǐng)域和克隆研討會場合上，科學(xué)家們正在將約翰•格雷戈爾•孟德爾提升到一個他應(yīng)有的歷史地位，并列于查爾斯•達(dá)爾文等19世紀(jì)同時代的其他的科學(xué)家。
Experts and scientists have collected artwork and artifacts inside the partially restored Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno, a Czech city where Mendel lived, experimented with pea plants and published his historic findings in 1866, becoming the “father of genetics”.
專家和科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)從一座部分被修復(fù)了的捷克布爾諾市圣托馬斯修道院中，收集了一些藝術(shù)品和史前古器物。當(dāng)年孟德爾就生活在布爾諾，在該處他用豌豆植物做實驗，并且于1866年公布了他那具有歷史意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因而成為“遺傳學(xué)之父”。
The abbey, which dates from the 14th century, was seized from the Augustinian monks by communists in 1950 and returned to the religious order after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. A restoration project began in 1996. Yet much of the stone complex remains unused.
這座教堂的歷史可以追溯到14世紀(jì)，1950年共產(chǎn)主義者從奧古斯丁教士手中接手這座教堂，直到1989年天鵝絨革命后才又重新恢復(fù)了宗教活動。1996年修繕工程開始，然而其原本的很多石材沒有被利用上。
Mendel was born to a farming family in what's today the eastern Czech Republic. He became a priest in 1847 and later studied science at the University of Vienna. Fascinated by plant hybridization, he began experimenting in the abbey garden with pea plants.
孟德爾出生于一個農(nóng)民家庭，位于今天東捷克共和國境內(nèi)。1847年他成為一名牧師，后來也去過維也納大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)。由于對植物雜交十分著迷，他開始在修道院的花園里用豌豆做實驗。
During the 1850s Mendel carefully and systematically crossbred the plants until reaching conclusions that form the basis for the laws of heredity. He presented his landmark paper in 1865 and had it published the next year. But no one noticed.
19世紀(jì)50年代，孟德爾在認(rèn)真而系統(tǒng)地實驗植物的雜交后得出相關(guān)結(jié)論，并在此基礎(chǔ)上將其發(fā)展為遺傳規(guī)律。1865年他完成了具有里程碑意義的論文，并于1866年將其發(fā)表。不過當(dāng)時沒有得到重視。
According to scholars, Mendel's contemporaries failed to grasp the significance of his discoveries. But around 1900—long after his death in 1884—a British zoologist reintroduced the Czech scientist and his work, sparking an era of medical, agricultural and scientific progress that continues today.
孟德爾死于1884年。但據(jù)學(xué)者所說，他同時代的人沒能認(rèn)識到其發(fā)現(xiàn)具有重大意義，直到他死后多年，1900年前后一位英國的動物學(xué)家才重新向人們介紹這位捷克科學(xué)家及其成就，從而肇始了一個醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)及科學(xué)發(fā)展的時代，至今方興未艾。
Indeed, thanks to Mendel and his peas, modern man understands why children inherit their parents' traits, what roles are played by chromosomes and DNA in living things and how genetics can be used to improve human health. Around 1996, his findings led to the famous cloning of Dolly the sheep, as well as ethical debates over human cloning and farming with genetically modified crops.
毋庸質(zhì)疑，由于孟德爾和他的豌豆，現(xiàn)代人才得以了解為什么孩子遺傳了父母的特性，染色體和DNA在生命體中扮演什么角色以及怎樣利用遺傳學(xué)來改善人類的健康。孟德爾的發(fā)現(xiàn)在1996年左右又引發(fā)了克隆研究，實驗出的多利羊，也同樣引發(fā)了關(guān)于克隆人類和種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的倫理爭論。