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中文中善用名詞或省略,英文中常常用代詞指代,因此在翻譯中代詞翻譯的技巧在于靈活地還原出代詞在文中指代的意義。這里通過(guò)真題例句,重點(diǎn)講解考研中??嫉乃念惔~的譯法。
(一)不定代詞的指代
【真題例句】
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
不定代詞one 指代名詞短語(yǔ)definition of history。在這里one 和物主代詞及人稱代詞在指代名詞方面有所不同, one 指萬(wàn)學(xué)海文代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞的同類名詞,其中,one 表示單數(shù),ones表示復(fù)數(shù);而物主代詞及人稱代詞必須指代上文中出現(xiàn)的名詞本身,所以單復(fù)數(shù)必須一致。比如這里若要用人稱代詞,則必須用 they/them來(lái)指代上文中復(fù)數(shù)形式的definitions of history。
【參考譯文】幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定,但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過(guò)去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其作出解釋。
(二)人稱代詞及物主代詞的指代
【真題例句】
Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【解析】
從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,該句because of 的后邊接兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來(lái)表示原因。其中,第二個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)又含有一個(gè)短語(yǔ)themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明mass migration movements。因此,這里的代詞themselves 指萬(wàn)學(xué)海文鉆石卡代名詞短語(yǔ)mass migration movements。
【參考譯文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流通變得相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問(wèn)題也回對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。
中文中善用名詞或省略,英文中常常用代詞指代,因此在翻譯中代詞翻譯的技巧在于靈活地還原出代詞在文中指代的意義。這里通過(guò)真題例句,重點(diǎn)講解考研中??嫉乃念惔~的譯法。
(一)不定代詞的指代
【真題例句】
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
不定代詞one 指代名詞短語(yǔ)definition of history。在這里one 和物主代詞及人稱代詞在指代名詞方面有所不同, one 指萬(wàn)學(xué)海文代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞的同類名詞,其中,one 表示單數(shù),ones表示復(fù)數(shù);而物主代詞及人稱代詞必須指代上文中出現(xiàn)的名詞本身,所以單復(fù)數(shù)必須一致。比如這里若要用人稱代詞,則必須用 they/them來(lái)指代上文中復(fù)數(shù)形式的definitions of history。
【參考譯文】幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定,但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過(guò)去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其作出解釋。
(二)人稱代詞及物主代詞的指代
【真題例句】
Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【解析】
從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,該句because of 的后邊接兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來(lái)表示原因。其中,第二個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)又含有一個(gè)短語(yǔ)themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明mass migration movements。因此,這里的代詞themselves 指萬(wàn)學(xué)海文鉆石卡代名詞短語(yǔ)mass migration movements。
【參考譯文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流通變得相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問(wèn)題也回對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。