英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)英語(yǔ)小報(bào)內(nèi)容 萬(wàn)圣節(jié)相關(guān)英語(yǔ)，供大家閱讀參考。
Halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate? Is it, as some claim, a kind of demon worship? Or is it just a harmless vestige of some ancient pagan ritual?
The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain (sow-en), the Celtic New year.
One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.
Probably a better explanation of why the Celts extinguished their fires was not to discourage spirit possession, but so that all the Celtic tribes could relight their fires from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning in the Middle of Ireland, at Usinach.
Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stories as myth.
The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, Samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on Halloween.
The thrust of the practices also changed over time to become more ritualized. As belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins, ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role.
The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine. At that time, the favorite pranks in New England included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates.
The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling. On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with currants. The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the donors. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul's passage to heaven.
The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.
According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip to keep it glowing longer.
The Irish used turnips as their "Jack's lanterns" originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips. So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember.
So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕是年度慶祝, 但是正直的它是什么實(shí)際上慶祝? 而且如何做了這個(gè)奇特的習(xí)慣開(kāi)始? 它是, 當(dāng)做一些要求, 一種魔鬼崇拜? 或只是它一個(gè)一些遠(yuǎn)古的異教徒的無(wú)害處的遺跡儀式?
字本身， " 萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕 ",實(shí)際上有它的起源在天主教徒教堂中。 它來(lái)自一感染了腐敗全部使前夕神圣。 十一月 1 日, " 整洞日子 "(或 " 所有的圣徒日子 "), 為了紀(jì)念圣徒是遵守的天主教徒日子。 但是, 在 5 世紀(jì)內(nèi)西元前, 在塞爾特人的愛(ài)爾蘭，夏天在十月 31 日正式地結(jié)束. 假日是呼叫 Samhain(母豬-N 字), 塞爾特人的新年。
一故事說(shuō), 在之上日子, 那無(wú)實(shí)質(zhì)的精神所有人有到處死了前述的年會(huì)來(lái)向后地追求生活身體持有為那在明年。 它是相信是他們的期待死后的生活。相信的塞爾特人所有的空間法律和時(shí)間是中止的在這次期間, 允許那精神世界混入那生活。
自然地, 那劇照-生活沒(méi)有想要是持有。因此在十月 31 日的夜晚，村民會(huì)在他們的家中熄滅火災(zāi), 使他們寒冷和不受歡迎。 然后他們會(huì)洋裝在上面所有的食尸鬼似裝束的樣子和吵鬧地*過(guò)在鄰近地區(qū)的周?chē)? 存在當(dāng)做破壞力當(dāng)做可能的為了要驚嚇離開(kāi)精神找尋身體持有。
或許一比較好的解釋為什么塞爾特人熄滅他們的火災(zāi)是不要再氣餒精神所有物, 但是以便所有的塞爾特人的種族可以再光他們的火災(zāi)從一個(gè)通常的來(lái)源, 被保持了的 Druidic 火燒在那中央愛(ài)爾蘭, 在 Usinach。
一些帳戶塞爾特人會(huì)如何告訴燒傷某人在那賭注誰(shuí)是想法到有已經(jīng)是持有, 如課所種類(lèi)到那精神。 其他的塞爾特人歷史的帳戶揭穿這些故事作為神話。
羅馬人被收養(yǎng)的塞爾特人的練習(xí)當(dāng)做他們自己的。但是在一的世紀(jì)內(nèi)西元, Samhain 進(jìn)入在十月發(fā)生了的一些另一個(gè)羅馬人傳統(tǒng)的慶祝之內(nèi)被同化, 像是他們的日子到榮譽(yù)果樹(shù)女神, 那羅馬人水果的女神和樹(shù)。 果樹(shù)女神的符號(hào)是蘋(píng)果,可能我們?cè)谌f(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕為蘋(píng)果振動(dòng)的現(xiàn)代傳統(tǒng)解釋起源。
那推進(jìn)那練習(xí)也改變隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去到變成更多使儀式化。當(dāng)做信念在精神所有物蒼白的, 那練習(xí)穿衣向上的同類(lèi)妖怪，鬼, 和巫婆承擔(dān)一個(gè)更多的正式角色。
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕的習(xí)慣在 1840 年代被帶給美國(guó)了被愛(ài)爾蘭人移民逃走他們國(guó)家的馬鈴薯饑荒。 那時(shí), 那喜歡的事物惡作劇在新英格蘭被包括在內(nèi)的在 outhouses 之上裝頂端和 unhinging 圍墻門(mén)。
那習(xí)慣詭計(jì)-或-注入是想法有開(kāi)始不與那愛(ài)爾蘭人塞爾特人, 但是與一第九世紀(jì)的歐洲人習(xí)慣呼叫靈魂。 在十一月 2 日, 所有的靈魂日子, 早的基督徒會(huì)散步從村莊到為 "靈魂蛋糕 , " 請(qǐng)求的村莊制造出自正方形面包的塊以葡萄干。 靈魂蛋糕乞丐會(huì)接受愈多, 祈禱也愈多他們會(huì)諾言對(duì)發(fā)言權(quán)在利益上那死捐贈(zèng)人的親戚。在那時(shí)，一般相信，死者暫時(shí)留在地獄邊土在死亡之后, 和祈禱，由陌生人甚至，可以加快對(duì)天堂的一個(gè)靈魂的通道。
杰克-o-燈籠的習(xí)慣或許來(lái)自愛(ài)爾蘭人民俗學(xué)。當(dāng)故事被告訴, 叫做杰克, 以一個(gè)酒鬼聞名的一個(gè)男人和騙子, 戲弄撒旦進(jìn)入攀登之內(nèi)一樹(shù)。 杰克然后有雕刻的圖像一十字架在樹(shù)的樹(shù)干中, 陷擾魔鬼向上的那樹(shù)。 杰克制造一交易與魔鬼, 如果他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再誘惑他, 他會(huì)諾言到讓他 ??落那樹(shù)。
依照民間故事, 在杰克死了之后, 他是否認(rèn)通往天堂的入口因?yàn)樗男皭悍椒? 但是他也是否認(rèn)接觸地獄因?yàn)樗袘蚺Ч怼?相反地, 魔鬼給予了他一個(gè)灰燼到光他的方法完成的寒冷黑暗。 灰燼是放置進(jìn)一挖空 - 外面的蕪菁使它保持白熱的比較長(zhǎng)的。
愛(ài)爾蘭人二手的蕪菁當(dāng)做他們的 " 杰克的燈籠 " 本來(lái)。 但是當(dāng)移民來(lái)了美國(guó)的時(shí)候，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)南瓜是比蕪菁許多得多。 因此杰克-O-在美國(guó)的燈籠是一挖空 - 外面的南瓜,以一個(gè)灰燼發(fā)亮。
因此, 雖然一些禮拜可能有被收養(yǎng)的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕當(dāng)做他們的喜愛(ài)的 " 假日 ",天本身做不戒除邪惡練習(xí)。 它戒除慶祝新年的塞爾特人的儀式, 和由于歐洲人的中古祈禱儀式。 而且今天, 平坦的多數(shù)教堂有萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕宴會(huì)或南瓜雕刻品事件為那小孩。 畢竟, 天本身只有是當(dāng)做邪惡當(dāng)做一照料做到。
Halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate? Is it, as some claim, a kind of demon worship? Or is it just a harmless vestige of some ancient pagan ritual?
The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain (sow-en), the Celtic New year.
One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.
Probably a better explanation of why the Celts extinguished their fires was not to discourage spirit possession, but so that all the Celtic tribes could relight their fires from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning in the Middle of Ireland, at Usinach.
Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stories as myth.
The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, Samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on Halloween.
The thrust of the practices also changed over time to become more ritualized. As belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins, ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role.
The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine. At that time, the favorite pranks in New England included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates.
The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling. On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with currants. The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the donors. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul's passage to heaven.
The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.
According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip to keep it glowing longer.
The Irish used turnips as their "Jack's lanterns" originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips. So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember.
So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕是年度慶祝, 但是正直的它是什么實(shí)際上慶祝? 而且如何做了這個(gè)奇特的習(xí)慣開(kāi)始? 它是, 當(dāng)做一些要求, 一種魔鬼崇拜? 或只是它一個(gè)一些遠(yuǎn)古的異教徒的無(wú)害處的遺跡儀式?
字本身， " 萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕 ",實(shí)際上有它的起源在天主教徒教堂中。 它來(lái)自一感染了腐敗全部使前夕神圣。 十一月 1 日, " 整洞日子 "(或 " 所有的圣徒日子 "), 為了紀(jì)念圣徒是遵守的天主教徒日子。 但是, 在 5 世紀(jì)內(nèi)西元前, 在塞爾特人的愛(ài)爾蘭，夏天在十月 31 日正式地結(jié)束. 假日是呼叫 Samhain(母豬-N 字), 塞爾特人的新年。
一故事說(shuō), 在之上日子, 那無(wú)實(shí)質(zhì)的精神所有人有到處死了前述的年會(huì)來(lái)向后地追求生活身體持有為那在明年。 它是相信是他們的期待死后的生活。相信的塞爾特人所有的空間法律和時(shí)間是中止的在這次期間, 允許那精神世界混入那生活。
自然地, 那劇照-生活沒(méi)有想要是持有。因此在十月 31 日的夜晚，村民會(huì)在他們的家中熄滅火災(zāi), 使他們寒冷和不受歡迎。 然后他們會(huì)洋裝在上面所有的食尸鬼似裝束的樣子和吵鬧地*過(guò)在鄰近地區(qū)的周?chē)? 存在當(dāng)做破壞力當(dāng)做可能的為了要驚嚇離開(kāi)精神找尋身體持有。
或許一比較好的解釋為什么塞爾特人熄滅他們的火災(zāi)是不要再氣餒精神所有物, 但是以便所有的塞爾特人的種族可以再光他們的火災(zāi)從一個(gè)通常的來(lái)源, 被保持了的 Druidic 火燒在那中央愛(ài)爾蘭, 在 Usinach。
一些帳戶塞爾特人會(huì)如何告訴燒傷某人在那賭注誰(shuí)是想法到有已經(jīng)是持有, 如課所種類(lèi)到那精神。 其他的塞爾特人歷史的帳戶揭穿這些故事作為神話。
羅馬人被收養(yǎng)的塞爾特人的練習(xí)當(dāng)做他們自己的。但是在一的世紀(jì)內(nèi)西元, Samhain 進(jìn)入在十月發(fā)生了的一些另一個(gè)羅馬人傳統(tǒng)的慶祝之內(nèi)被同化, 像是他們的日子到榮譽(yù)果樹(shù)女神, 那羅馬人水果的女神和樹(shù)。 果樹(shù)女神的符號(hào)是蘋(píng)果,可能我們?cè)谌f(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕為蘋(píng)果振動(dòng)的現(xiàn)代傳統(tǒng)解釋起源。
那推進(jìn)那練習(xí)也改變隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去到變成更多使儀式化。當(dāng)做信念在精神所有物蒼白的, 那練習(xí)穿衣向上的同類(lèi)妖怪，鬼, 和巫婆承擔(dān)一個(gè)更多的正式角色。
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕的習(xí)慣在 1840 年代被帶給美國(guó)了被愛(ài)爾蘭人移民逃走他們國(guó)家的馬鈴薯饑荒。 那時(shí), 那喜歡的事物惡作劇在新英格蘭被包括在內(nèi)的在 outhouses 之上裝頂端和 unhinging 圍墻門(mén)。
那習(xí)慣詭計(jì)-或-注入是想法有開(kāi)始不與那愛(ài)爾蘭人塞爾特人, 但是與一第九世紀(jì)的歐洲人習(xí)慣呼叫靈魂。 在十一月 2 日, 所有的靈魂日子, 早的基督徒會(huì)散步從村莊到為 "靈魂蛋糕 , " 請(qǐng)求的村莊制造出自正方形面包的塊以葡萄干。 靈魂蛋糕乞丐會(huì)接受愈多, 祈禱也愈多他們會(huì)諾言對(duì)發(fā)言權(quán)在利益上那死捐贈(zèng)人的親戚。在那時(shí)，一般相信，死者暫時(shí)留在地獄邊土在死亡之后, 和祈禱，由陌生人甚至，可以加快對(duì)天堂的一個(gè)靈魂的通道。
杰克-o-燈籠的習(xí)慣或許來(lái)自愛(ài)爾蘭人民俗學(xué)。當(dāng)故事被告訴, 叫做杰克, 以一個(gè)酒鬼聞名的一個(gè)男人和騙子, 戲弄撒旦進(jìn)入攀登之內(nèi)一樹(shù)。 杰克然后有雕刻的圖像一十字架在樹(shù)的樹(shù)干中, 陷擾魔鬼向上的那樹(shù)。 杰克制造一交易與魔鬼, 如果他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再誘惑他, 他會(huì)諾言到讓他 ??落那樹(shù)。
依照民間故事, 在杰克死了之后, 他是否認(rèn)通往天堂的入口因?yàn)樗男皭悍椒? 但是他也是否認(rèn)接觸地獄因?yàn)樗袘蚺Ч怼?相反地, 魔鬼給予了他一個(gè)灰燼到光他的方法完成的寒冷黑暗。 灰燼是放置進(jìn)一挖空 - 外面的蕪菁使它保持白熱的比較長(zhǎng)的。
愛(ài)爾蘭人二手的蕪菁當(dāng)做他們的 " 杰克的燈籠 " 本來(lái)。 但是當(dāng)移民來(lái)了美國(guó)的時(shí)候，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)南瓜是比蕪菁許多得多。 因此杰克-O-在美國(guó)的燈籠是一挖空 - 外面的南瓜,以一個(gè)灰燼發(fā)亮。
因此, 雖然一些禮拜可能有被收養(yǎng)的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕當(dāng)做他們的喜愛(ài)的 " 假日 ",天本身做不戒除邪惡練習(xí)。 它戒除慶祝新年的塞爾特人的儀式, 和由于歐洲人的中古祈禱儀式。 而且今天, 平坦的多數(shù)教堂有萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕宴會(huì)或南瓜雕刻品事件為那小孩。 畢竟, 天本身只有是當(dāng)做邪惡當(dāng)做一照料做到。