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What Does Ecstasy Do To Your Brain?
搖頭丸會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生怎樣的作用？
If you’ve read or heard the news you’ve probably heard about a drug called ecstasy, or “e” for short. Favored by users for its intensely pleasurable high, and condemned by the government for the neurological harm it can cause, ecstasy has become the drug of choice for many.
如果你經(jīng)常讀報(bào)、聽(tīng)新聞，你大概已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一種毒品，它的名字叫搖頭丸，縮寫(xiě)為“e”。使用者支持它因?yàn)樗梢詭?lái)強(qiáng)烈的快感，但是政府譴責(zé)它因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)傷害人類的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。搖頭丸現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為很多吸毒者的首選。
So just what is ecstasy, and what does it do?
什么是搖頭丸？它有什么作用呢？
Ecstasy directly affects serotonin, a brain chemical involved in many functions, including regulating emotions. Happiness, for instance, is caused in part by the release of serotonin in the brain.
搖頭丸直接影響人體血清素的含量。血清素是人體腦部的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它有多種作用，包括調(diào)節(jié)情緒。比如，人們感到快樂(lè)，部分原因是大腦釋放了血清素。
Ecstasy forces brain cells to unleash all their serotonin at once, effectively flooding the brain with a substance that causes intense feelings of happiness. Ecstasy users report feeling incredibly happy and carefree for up to six hours on the strength of one pill.
搖頭丸能促使腦細(xì)胞立即釋放所有的血清素，讓大腦里充滿這種可以引起強(qiáng)烈快感的物質(zhì)。搖頭丸吸食者說(shuō)，一片藥丸的效力最多能持續(xù)六個(gè)小時(shí)，期間可以感受到無(wú)比的開(kāi)心和暢爽。
Non-Addictive? Not True!
不會(huì)上癮？假的！
Although advocates claim that the drug is non-addictive, in truth it is far from harmless. Overloading the brain with serotonin makes the user feel great for a while, but after all the serotonin is used up and the high wears off, depression can set in.
雖然倡導(dǎo)者堅(jiān)稱使用搖頭丸不會(huì)上癮，但事實(shí)上它跟“無(wú)害”相去甚遠(yuǎn)。大腦內(nèi)過(guò)量的血清素確實(shí)會(huì)讓使用者感到一時(shí)的興奮，但是當(dāng)所有的血清素都被耗盡，這種興奮慢慢消退，抑郁感就會(huì)到來(lái)。
What’s worse, besides regulating emotions, serotonin also helps control body temperature. Since many ecstasy users attend raves, or all-night dance parties, lack of temperature control can lead to dangerous overheating. And what’s even more troubling is that by forcing cells to secrete serotonin, ecstasy reshapes those cells. Because the change in shape may be permanent, some scientists fear that prolonged ecstasy use causes brain damage.
更糟糕的是，除了調(diào)節(jié)情緒，血清素還能幫助調(diào)節(jié)體溫。多數(shù)搖頭丸使用者會(huì)參加狂歡聚會(huì)或通宵舞會(huì)，缺少體溫調(diào)節(jié)就會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體溫度有發(fā)生過(guò)熱的危險(xiǎn)。更麻煩的是，通過(guò)迫使細(xì)胞分泌血清素，搖頭丸會(huì)重塑這些細(xì)胞，這種改變可能是永久的，因此科學(xué)家擔(dān)心持續(xù)使用搖頭丸會(huì)導(dǎo)致腦損傷。
Temporary Fix
暫時(shí)過(guò)癮
So although ecstasy may sound great, the risks really outweigh the temporary pleasures.
因此，即使搖頭丸聽(tīng)上去很不錯(cuò)，但是使用它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)暫時(shí)的快感。
Want to be happy? Great. But you won’t find lasting happiness in a six hour fix.
想要開(kāi)心？這很好。但是你不可能找到六個(gè)小時(shí)之外的永久快樂(lè)。
What Does Ecstasy Do To Your Brain?
搖頭丸會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生怎樣的作用？
If you’ve read or heard the news you’ve probably heard about a drug called ecstasy, or “e” for short. Favored by users for its intensely pleasurable high, and condemned by the government for the neurological harm it can cause, ecstasy has become the drug of choice for many.
如果你經(jīng)常讀報(bào)、聽(tīng)新聞，你大概已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一種毒品，它的名字叫搖頭丸，縮寫(xiě)為“e”。使用者支持它因?yàn)樗梢詭?lái)強(qiáng)烈的快感，但是政府譴責(zé)它因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)傷害人類的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。搖頭丸現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為很多吸毒者的首選。
So just what is ecstasy, and what does it do?
什么是搖頭丸？它有什么作用呢？
Ecstasy directly affects serotonin, a brain chemical involved in many functions, including regulating emotions. Happiness, for instance, is caused in part by the release of serotonin in the brain.
搖頭丸直接影響人體血清素的含量。血清素是人體腦部的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它有多種作用，包括調(diào)節(jié)情緒。比如，人們感到快樂(lè)，部分原因是大腦釋放了血清素。
Ecstasy forces brain cells to unleash all their serotonin at once, effectively flooding the brain with a substance that causes intense feelings of happiness. Ecstasy users report feeling incredibly happy and carefree for up to six hours on the strength of one pill.
搖頭丸能促使腦細(xì)胞立即釋放所有的血清素，讓大腦里充滿這種可以引起強(qiáng)烈快感的物質(zhì)。搖頭丸吸食者說(shuō)，一片藥丸的效力最多能持續(xù)六個(gè)小時(shí)，期間可以感受到無(wú)比的開(kāi)心和暢爽。
Non-Addictive? Not True!
不會(huì)上癮？假的！
Although advocates claim that the drug is non-addictive, in truth it is far from harmless. Overloading the brain with serotonin makes the user feel great for a while, but after all the serotonin is used up and the high wears off, depression can set in.
雖然倡導(dǎo)者堅(jiān)稱使用搖頭丸不會(huì)上癮，但事實(shí)上它跟“無(wú)害”相去甚遠(yuǎn)。大腦內(nèi)過(guò)量的血清素確實(shí)會(huì)讓使用者感到一時(shí)的興奮，但是當(dāng)所有的血清素都被耗盡，這種興奮慢慢消退，抑郁感就會(huì)到來(lái)。
What’s worse, besides regulating emotions, serotonin also helps control body temperature. Since many ecstasy users attend raves, or all-night dance parties, lack of temperature control can lead to dangerous overheating. And what’s even more troubling is that by forcing cells to secrete serotonin, ecstasy reshapes those cells. Because the change in shape may be permanent, some scientists fear that prolonged ecstasy use causes brain damage.
更糟糕的是，除了調(diào)節(jié)情緒，血清素還能幫助調(diào)節(jié)體溫。多數(shù)搖頭丸使用者會(huì)參加狂歡聚會(huì)或通宵舞會(huì)，缺少體溫調(diào)節(jié)就會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體溫度有發(fā)生過(guò)熱的危險(xiǎn)。更麻煩的是，通過(guò)迫使細(xì)胞分泌血清素，搖頭丸會(huì)重塑這些細(xì)胞，這種改變可能是永久的，因此科學(xué)家擔(dān)心持續(xù)使用搖頭丸會(huì)導(dǎo)致腦損傷。
Temporary Fix
暫時(shí)過(guò)癮
So although ecstasy may sound great, the risks really outweigh the temporary pleasures.
因此，即使搖頭丸聽(tīng)上去很不錯(cuò)，但是使用它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)暫時(shí)的快感。
Want to be happy? Great. But you won’t find lasting happiness in a six hour fix.
想要開(kāi)心？這很好。但是你不可能找到六個(gè)小時(shí)之外的永久快樂(lè)。