SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes onthe important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task afier themini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREEwords. Make sure the word( s ) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may referto your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions I to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer eachof the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
1. What did Mrs. Brace's attitude towards suffragette movement use to be? A. Supportive. B. Contradictory. C. Neutral. D. Ambiguous.
2. What did Mrs. Bruce think of the suffragettes' efforts? A. They were useless. C. They were good in a lot of ways. B. They were ridiculous. D. They were somewhat limited.
3. Which of the following statements about the suffragette movement is TRUE according to Mrs. Bruce? A. There would be much difference without the movement. B. The movement should be more peaceful. C. The movement actually did nothing good. D. The movement brought something harmful in the long term.
4. Which ,of the following about marching in the suffragette movement days is NOT true? A. The marching was violent. C. There were a few boos. B. Nobody interfered. D. There was a lot of clapping.
5. What does Mrs. Bruce think about politics? A. She thinks women shouldn't enter politics. B. She thinks beating men at politics is groat. C. She thinks women sometimes can be better at politics than men. D. She thinks politics is men's job.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion. Now listen to the news. 6. To ease restrictions imposed on Palestinians living in the West Bank, Israel plans to _____. A. remove mad blocks B. allow more Palestinians to travel to Israel C. remove trade barriers D. provide food, for Palestinian refugees
Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion. Now listen to the news. 7. Which of the following statements about the massive wild fire is NOT tree? A. It lasted for 5 days. C. It caused 4 firefighters to be badly wounded.B. It was fueled by the Santa Aria winds. D. It caused the loss of 34 houses. Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds toanswer the questions. Now listen to the news.
8. According to the news, we can know that __. A. Obama is the first president to change health care system B. the U.S. is the only country where millions of people can't get health care C. health insurance in America is very expensive for the civilians D. Americans don't need health insurance to get treatment
9. Many Americans were against Obama's plan about changing the American health care system because __. A. it's hard to make health-care cheaper C. it's impractical at the very moment B. it's too expensive for the government D. it's bad for the insurance industry
Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 10. Why did the shares in European banks fall sharply? A. Because European share indices fell around 3%. B. Because euro slid against other currencies. C. Because Europe's debt problems got worse. D. Because the European Central Bank is about to end a program of support for banks.
TEXT A Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when otherpeople are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling isapparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by CharlesDarwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution,Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facialexpressions could signal the approach of enemies (or fiiends) in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover,people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research PaulEkman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He thenasked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged fromEuropean college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groupsincluding the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore alsodisplayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories thatcalled for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions.The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, variousemotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions .and facial expressions can alsowork in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback,) are sentback to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it, On the other hand,the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give r~ to feelings ofgood will, for example, and frowning to anger?
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis.Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to ratccartoons (humorons drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they arc caused to frown,they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of~activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used insigni~ing fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal: then leads to heightened emotionaiactivity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances thattransmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional sta~e and reflectsit. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around Lheeyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball,can lead to pleasant feelings.
Ekman's observation may be relevant tothe British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendationfor handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response--as long as the lip is not quiveringwith fear or tension. But when the emotion that loads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strongmuscle tension, facial feedback may heightenemotional response. ______. 11. The word "despondent" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. curious B. sad C. elated D. skeptical
12. Which of the following statements would Darwin NOT agree with? A. Facial expressions can only reflect emotional states. B. Facial expressions may help people survive. C. Baring the teeth means the same to people all over the world. D. Human emotions that were not expressed would become less intensive.
13. According to Paragraph 2, the Fore people______. A. knew little about Western culture C. were famous for their solitude B. showed distinctive facial expressions D. had never been taken photographs of before
14. According to the facial-feedback hypothesis,______. A. there is no link between emotions and facial expressions B. people's facial expressions can only reflect their emotional states C. people's emotional states cannot be influenced by their facial expressions D. the causal link between emotions and facial expressions is bidirectional
15. Ekman has found that A. people might have different expressions for the same emotion B. pleasant feelings often stimulate Duchanne smile C. "crow's feet" wrinkles often accompanied the Duchennc smile D. keeping a stiffupper lip was useful for handling stress
TEXT B Jan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—ne every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues,and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separatepapers--which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science andNature--the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricateddata. His career as a scientist was finished.
If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk--the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidenceabout cloning human cells--it is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similarpatterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasancecan be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts arc evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, ofcourse, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much morecrucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwang's fall are whether Nature and Science have becometoo powerful as arbiters of what science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task asgatekeepers.
Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologistshave Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journalsthat cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. Asa result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look tothe journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientistshave sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win theaccolades of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the addedbonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientiststend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particularpaper, they're more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor", ameasure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of theinfluence of scientists they're considering supporting.
Whcther the clamor to appear in these journals has any bearing on their ability to catch fraud is another matter.The fact is that fraud is terrifically hard to spot. Consider the process Science used to evaluate Hwang's 2005article. Science editors recognized the manuscript's import almost as soon as it arrived. As part of the standardprocedure, they sent it to two members of its Board of Reviewing Editors, who recommended that it go out for peerreview (about 30 percent of manuscripts pass this test). This recommendation was made not on the scientificvalidity of the paper, but on its "novelty, originality, and trendiness," says Denis Duboule, a geneticist at theUniversity of Geneva and a member of Science's Board of Reviewing Editors, in the January 6 issue of Science.
After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their commentswere favorable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? "You look at the data and do not assume it'sfraud," says one reviewer, anonymously, in Science.
In the end, a big scandal now and then isn't likely to do much damage to the big scientific journals. Whateditors and scientists worry about more arc the myriad smaller infractions that occur all the time, and which arcatmost impossible to dctcct. A Nature survey of scientists published last June found that one-third of allrespondents had committed some forms of misconduct. Tbesc included falsifying research data and having"questionable relationships" with students and subjects--both charges "leveled against Hwang. Nobody reallyknows if this kind of fraud is on tbe rise, but it is worrying.
Science editors don't have any plans to change the basic editorial peer-review process as a result of the Hwangscandal. They do have plans to scrutinize photographs more closely in an effort to spot instances of fraud, but thatpolicy change had akcady been decided when the scandal struck. And even if it had been in place, it would nothave revealed that Hwang had misrepresented photographs from two stem cell colonies as coming from 11colonies. With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, it's unlikely that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet m_anuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves,which would be impractical, it's difficult to see what they could do to make science beyond the honor system.
16. Which of the following can be inferred fi'om the passage? A. Key scientific journals are authoritative in evaluating scientific papers. B. Peer-review is the most effective method in evaluating and selecting scientific papers. C. Scientists are less likely to achieve career success without publications in top papers. D. Fabricating evidence in scientific researches can be discovered by enough strict evaluation.
17. Science and Nature are top journals in the word in that __ A. they are built on the honor system B. they are the only world-recognized journals in the scientific circle C. they cover all the research areas of science D. they are as popular as public magazines
18. What can be inferred about a scientist's "Impact Factor”？ A. One is more likely to get funding for research with a high Impact Factor. B. One is more likely to get his or her paper published with a high Impact Factor. C. One's Impact Factor will be increased once he or she has a paper published in Science. D. One's Impact Factor will be increased when more people read his or her paper.
19. According to the passage, manuscripts of science are recommended on their __ A. novelty, originality, and trendiness C. scientific validity B. timeliness D. readability
20. What would be detrimental to big scientific journals according to the author? A. Big scientific scandals once in a while. C. Unreliable research data in papers. B. Small infractions that occur all the time. D. Lack of originality in research papers.
21. Science has decided to A. change its basic evaluation process B. sue Hwang Woo Suk C. have more thorough scrutiny of photographs for fraud D. ensure scientific validity of papers by replicating the experiments
TEXT C As much as murder is a staple in mystery stories, so is love. Love may be ~ four-letter word, or the greatest ofthe trio of faith, hope, and love. It may appear in a mystery as the driving force behind the plot and the characters.Or it may appear as an aside in a sub-plot, a light spot in a heavy story. But it's there. Even Valentine knew lovewas worth dying for.
An emotion this strong gets a lot of attention. Love has its own special day, St. Valentine's Day. According tolegend, the Roman emperor Claudius II needed soldiers to fight for him in the far reaches of the Roman Empire. Hethought married men would rather stay home than go to war for a couple of years, so he outlawed marriage andengagements. This did not stop people from falling in love. Valentine, a priest, secretly married many youngcouples. For this crime, he was arrested and executed on February 14.
St. Valentine's Day was off to a rocky start. Love, secrecy, crime and death, love prevailed, and the day lost itsseamy side. Valentine's Day became a day to exchange expressions of love. Small children give each other paperhearts. Adults exchange flowers and chocolates. Everyone has an attack of the warm fuzzies.
Valentine's Day was popular in Europe in the early 1800s as a day men brought gifts to the women they loved.Gradually the expectations grew higher, the gifts got bigger, and eventually the holiday collapsed under the weightof the bills.
It was revived when the custom of exchanging love letters and love cards replaced the mandatory gifts. A youngman's love was measured in how much time he spent making a card with paper, lace, feathers, beads, and fabric. Ifthe young man wasn't good with scissors and glue, the job could be hired out to an artist who made house calls.
Valentine's Day grew more popular when machine-made cards became available, and people didn't have tomake their own. In England in 1840, the nation-wide Penny Post made it cheap for everyone to send Valentinecards. In the United States, national cheap postal rotes were set in 1845, and valentines filled the mail.
"Roses are red, violets are blue" was a popular verse on Valentine cards. Other holidays are associated withparticular flowers---the Christmas poinsettia, the Easter lily--but Valentine's Day has no specific flower. Instead, ithas colois--red, pink, and white. Red symbolizes warmth and feeling. White stands for purity. According to oneromantic flower code, messages can be spelled out with flowers. Gardenias say "I love you secretly". Violets say "Ireturn your love". Roses say "I love you passionately". Not surprisingly, the rose is now the tup-seeded flower oflove.
But love mostly goes wrong in mystery stories. Very badly wrong. Somebody do something wrong. Husbands,wives, and lovers kill each other. Or kill for each other. Stack the characters up in any kind of love triangle, andwatch how the angles are knocked off. Love is unrequited, thwarted and scorned. Murders are motivated by real orimaginary love, or the lack of it. That famous novelist Ernest Hemingway said, "If two people love each other therecan he no happy end to it". So it goes in the mystery. Justice may win, but love is often the loser. In addition to plots driven by love, or the lack of it, there are sleuths who encounter love in the solving of thecrime. The handsome or beautiful detective meets the suspect or the client. Their affair grows around, and in spiteof, the murder. Think of the movies Casablanca and Chinatown. Barbara D'Amato offers a different twist on thistheme in "Hard Feelings". The amateur sleuth meets a suspect or investigating officer and love smolders aroundthe crime. Rose DeShaw's "Love with the Proper Killer" is such a story.
In a series of novels, if the continuing character is living a full life, love enters the storyline somewhere.Dorothy L. Sayers' sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey fell in love with Harriet Vane while he sleuthed his way through afew books. Sherlock Holies remained aloof, but Dr. Watson fell in love and married between impossible crimes.There were no such temptations for Hereule Poirot or Jane Marple, but Agatha Christie created Tuppence andTommy Beresford as a detecting couple.
Real crimes are sometimes motivated by love, and are written about in true crime books. E.W. Count describesone such case in "Love is a Risk." "Married to a Murderer," by Alan Russell, follows the crime one step further.
Feeling an attack of the warm fuzzies? Do something sweet for someone you love. Then do something sweetfor yourself. Settle back with soft music and savor the online mysteries of love and romance in the Valentine andRomance Mysteries sections of this site. 22. The word "staple" in Paragraph I means__ A. necessary element B. romantic thing C. unacceptable pattern D. horrific thing
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true about St. Valentine's Day? A. It originated from a legend. B. It was named after a priest. C. It was first to commemorate death of one's beloved. D. It used to have a seamy side.
24. The passage implies that in mystery stories, love often __ A. turns into hatred at last C. serves as the end of the storyB. serves as incentives for murders D. beats justice
25. The passage may be __ A. a foreword to a website column C. a discussion of the origin of St. Valentine's Day B. an advertisement for a series of books D. a review of some mysteries
TEXT D Students of United States history, seeking to identify, the circumstances that encouraged the emergence offeminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and socialconditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the developmentof specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins offeminism in the United States have been obscured became, even when historians did take into account thosefeminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a Iruly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as"solitary" and "individual theorists" Were in reality connected to a movement--utopian socialism--which wasalready popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rightsconference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins anddevelopment of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widenedto include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include theideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist partof Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This isregrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Salnt-Simonianism and entirely absorbedits adherents' energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism, Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians'appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Salnt-Simun's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his projectto reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would beruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflectsthe fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men andwomen, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minoritybelieved that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-femaledifferences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was thatwomen would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with animproved way of life.
26. It can be inferred fi'om the passage that the Seneca Falls conference __ A. aimed at simulating feminist movements in America B. was the culminating achievement of the Utop.ian socialist movement C. discussed the ideological development of feminism D. focused on women's rights in America
27. What does the author think about most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians? A. They have studied more of the group's contribution to socialism. B. They have sthdied the group's feminist part. C. They have made a thorough investigation into feminism in France. D. They are the only authority on Saint-Simonism.
28. According to the passage, the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians would be one in which ~ A. women could obtain superior rights B. women played a vital role in politics C. the two genders competed with each other D. the two genders had equal status
29. It can be inferred from the passage that all Saint-Simonians _______ A. have different ideas regarding sexual equality B. believe that sexual equality benefits women more than it does to men C. believe in the innateness of differences between men and women D. regard gender differences as a result of education
30. Which is the main idea of the passage? A. The origin of American feminism. B. The development of American feminism. C. The feminist part of Saint-Simenianism. D. Saint-Simonianism and utopian socialism.
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEETTWO. 31. The largest city of British Columbia in Canada is _________ A. Ottawa B. Winnipeg C. Vancouver D. Montreal
32. The Parliament of Australia consists of the House of Representatives and_______ A. the House of Commons B. the House of Lords C. the Senate D. the General
33. The longest river in Britain is_______ A. the Mersey B. the Severn C. the Thames D. the Clyde
34. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution, which are known as A. the Bill of Rights C. Federalist Papers B. the Civil Rights D. the Articles of Confederation
35. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by _______ A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Harriet Beecher Stowe C. Stephen Crane D. Eugene O'Neil
36. Who is called "father of English and European novels"? A. Mark Twain C. William Makepeace Thackeray B. Daniel Defoe D. David Herbert Lawrence
37. A reference in a literary work to a person, a place or a thing in history or another work of literary is an _______ A. allegory B. archetype C. analogy D. allusion
38. Which of the following is NOT a "case" in English? A. Nominative. B. Accusative. C. Genitive. D. Vocative.
39. _______is often described as "father of modem linguistics". A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Halliday
40. Which of the following phrases is an example of an endocentric construction? A. On the shelf. B. Beyond the words. C. An old man. D. Without thinking.
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example When∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 41._______ a number of years, a multiplicity of persuns, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 42._______ which culminates in the ascent of Thbmas Jefferson to the presidency 43._______ can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 44. _______ represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modem England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modem Europe in the 45. _______ end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 46. _______ colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new 47. _______ nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 48. _______ were more than the securing ofa free constitution. They included the growth 49. _______ of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 50. _______ dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 我的愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個人長時問地獨處而感到身心愉快。獨享歡樂是一種愉快，獨自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨的時候，精神不會是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個豐富多彩的世界。情緒上的大歡樂和大悲痛往往都在孤獨中產(chǎn)生。孤獨中，思維可以不依照邏輯進(jìn)行，孤獨更多地產(chǎn)生人生的詩情——激昂的和憂傷的。孤獨可以使人的思想向更遙遠(yuǎn)更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你對自己或環(huán)境作更透徹的認(rèn)識和檢討。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neitherdo any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhumanand superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge fi'om his mind with a reality that few existingpeople--even those nearest to us--can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odors of subtropical plants, ladies'perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian's warmand cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter's intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, thetopographer's accuracy, and the impressionist's sensitivity. Moreover-side by side with Joyce and perhaps evenmore so--Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels aresimilar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which hislimited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.
The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one change that should be remembered aboutthe twentieth century? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your opinion.
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you shouldsupport your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to anatural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your essay on
SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions I to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer eachof the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
1. What did Mrs. Brace's attitude towards suffragette movement use to be? A. Supportive. B. Contradictory. C. Neutral. D. Ambiguous.
2. What did Mrs. Bruce think of the suffragettes' efforts? A. They were useless. C. They were good in a lot of ways. B. They were ridiculous. D. They were somewhat limited.
3. Which of the following statements about the suffragette movement is TRUE according to Mrs. Bruce? A. There would be much difference without the movement. B. The movement should be more peaceful. C. The movement actually did nothing good. D. The movement brought something harmful in the long term.
4. Which ,of the following about marching in the suffragette movement days is NOT true? A. The marching was violent. C. There were a few boos. B. Nobody interfered. D. There was a lot of clapping.
5. What does Mrs. Bruce think about politics? A. She thinks women shouldn't enter politics. B. She thinks beating men at politics is groat. C. She thinks women sometimes can be better at politics than men. D. She thinks politics is men's job.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion. Now listen to the news. 6. To ease restrictions imposed on Palestinians living in the West Bank, Israel plans to _____. A. remove mad blocks B. allow more Palestinians to travel to Israel C. remove trade barriers D. provide food, for Palestinian refugees
Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion. Now listen to the news. 7. Which of the following statements about the massive wild fire is NOT tree? A. It lasted for 5 days. C. It caused 4 firefighters to be badly wounded.B. It was fueled by the Santa Aria winds. D. It caused the loss of 34 houses. Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds toanswer the questions. Now listen to the news.
8. According to the news, we can know that __. A. Obama is the first president to change health care system B. the U.S. is the only country where millions of people can't get health care C. health insurance in America is very expensive for the civilians D. Americans don't need health insurance to get treatment
9. Many Americans were against Obama's plan about changing the American health care system because __. A. it's hard to make health-care cheaper C. it's impractical at the very moment B. it's too expensive for the government D. it's bad for the insurance industry
Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 10. Why did the shares in European banks fall sharply? A. Because European share indices fell around 3%. B. Because euro slid against other currencies. C. Because Europe's debt problems got worse. D. Because the European Central Bank is about to end a program of support for banks.
TEXT A Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when otherpeople are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling isapparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by CharlesDarwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution,Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facialexpressions could signal the approach of enemies (or fiiends) in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover,people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research PaulEkman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He thenasked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged fromEuropean college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groupsincluding the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore alsodisplayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories thatcalled for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions.The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, variousemotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions .and facial expressions can alsowork in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback,) are sentback to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it, On the other hand,the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give r~ to feelings ofgood will, for example, and frowning to anger?
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis.Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to ratccartoons (humorons drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they arc caused to frown,they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of~activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used insigni~ing fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal: then leads to heightened emotionaiactivity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances thattransmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional sta~e and reflectsit. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around Lheeyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball,can lead to pleasant feelings.
Ekman's observation may be relevant tothe British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendationfor handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response--as long as the lip is not quiveringwith fear or tension. But when the emotion that loads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strongmuscle tension, facial feedback may heightenemotional response. ______. 11. The word "despondent" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. curious B. sad C. elated D. skeptical
12. Which of the following statements would Darwin NOT agree with? A. Facial expressions can only reflect emotional states. B. Facial expressions may help people survive. C. Baring the teeth means the same to people all over the world. D. Human emotions that were not expressed would become less intensive.
13. According to Paragraph 2, the Fore people______. A. knew little about Western culture C. were famous for their solitude B. showed distinctive facial expressions D. had never been taken photographs of before
14. According to the facial-feedback hypothesis,______. A. there is no link between emotions and facial expressions B. people's facial expressions can only reflect their emotional states C. people's emotional states cannot be influenced by their facial expressions D. the causal link between emotions and facial expressions is bidirectional
15. Ekman has found that A. people might have different expressions for the same emotion B. pleasant feelings often stimulate Duchanne smile C. "crow's feet" wrinkles often accompanied the Duchennc smile D. keeping a stiffupper lip was useful for handling stress
TEXT B Jan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—ne every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues,and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separatepapers--which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science andNature--the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricateddata. His career as a scientist was finished.
If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk--the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidenceabout cloning human cells--it is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similarpatterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasancecan be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts arc evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, ofcourse, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much morecrucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwang's fall are whether Nature and Science have becometoo powerful as arbiters of what science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task asgatekeepers.
Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologistshave Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journalsthat cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. Asa result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look tothe journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientistshave sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win theaccolades of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the addedbonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientiststend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particularpaper, they're more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor", ameasure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of theinfluence of scientists they're considering supporting.
Whcther the clamor to appear in these journals has any bearing on their ability to catch fraud is another matter.The fact is that fraud is terrifically hard to spot. Consider the process Science used to evaluate Hwang's 2005article. Science editors recognized the manuscript's import almost as soon as it arrived. As part of the standardprocedure, they sent it to two members of its Board of Reviewing Editors, who recommended that it go out for peerreview (about 30 percent of manuscripts pass this test). This recommendation was made not on the scientificvalidity of the paper, but on its "novelty, originality, and trendiness," says Denis Duboule, a geneticist at theUniversity of Geneva and a member of Science's Board of Reviewing Editors, in the January 6 issue of Science.
After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their commentswere favorable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? "You look at the data and do not assume it'sfraud," says one reviewer, anonymously, in Science.
In the end, a big scandal now and then isn't likely to do much damage to the big scientific journals. Whateditors and scientists worry about more arc the myriad smaller infractions that occur all the time, and which arcatmost impossible to dctcct. A Nature survey of scientists published last June found that one-third of allrespondents had committed some forms of misconduct. Tbesc included falsifying research data and having"questionable relationships" with students and subjects--both charges "leveled against Hwang. Nobody reallyknows if this kind of fraud is on tbe rise, but it is worrying.
Science editors don't have any plans to change the basic editorial peer-review process as a result of the Hwangscandal. They do have plans to scrutinize photographs more closely in an effort to spot instances of fraud, but thatpolicy change had akcady been decided when the scandal struck. And even if it had been in place, it would nothave revealed that Hwang had misrepresented photographs from two stem cell colonies as coming from 11colonies. With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, it's unlikely that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet m_anuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves,which would be impractical, it's difficult to see what they could do to make science beyond the honor system.
16. Which of the following can be inferred fi'om the passage? A. Key scientific journals are authoritative in evaluating scientific papers. B. Peer-review is the most effective method in evaluating and selecting scientific papers. C. Scientists are less likely to achieve career success without publications in top papers. D. Fabricating evidence in scientific researches can be discovered by enough strict evaluation.
17. Science and Nature are top journals in the word in that __ A. they are built on the honor system B. they are the only world-recognized journals in the scientific circle C. they cover all the research areas of science D. they are as popular as public magazines
18. What can be inferred about a scientist's "Impact Factor”？ A. One is more likely to get funding for research with a high Impact Factor. B. One is more likely to get his or her paper published with a high Impact Factor. C. One's Impact Factor will be increased once he or she has a paper published in Science. D. One's Impact Factor will be increased when more people read his or her paper.
19. According to the passage, manuscripts of science are recommended on their __ A. novelty, originality, and trendiness C. scientific validity B. timeliness D. readability
20. What would be detrimental to big scientific journals according to the author? A. Big scientific scandals once in a while. C. Unreliable research data in papers. B. Small infractions that occur all the time. D. Lack of originality in research papers.
21. Science has decided to A. change its basic evaluation process B. sue Hwang Woo Suk C. have more thorough scrutiny of photographs for fraud D. ensure scientific validity of papers by replicating the experiments
TEXT C As much as murder is a staple in mystery stories, so is love. Love may be ~ four-letter word, or the greatest ofthe trio of faith, hope, and love. It may appear in a mystery as the driving force behind the plot and the characters.Or it may appear as an aside in a sub-plot, a light spot in a heavy story. But it's there. Even Valentine knew lovewas worth dying for.
An emotion this strong gets a lot of attention. Love has its own special day, St. Valentine's Day. According tolegend, the Roman emperor Claudius II needed soldiers to fight for him in the far reaches of the Roman Empire. Hethought married men would rather stay home than go to war for a couple of years, so he outlawed marriage andengagements. This did not stop people from falling in love. Valentine, a priest, secretly married many youngcouples. For this crime, he was arrested and executed on February 14.
St. Valentine's Day was off to a rocky start. Love, secrecy, crime and death, love prevailed, and the day lost itsseamy side. Valentine's Day became a day to exchange expressions of love. Small children give each other paperhearts. Adults exchange flowers and chocolates. Everyone has an attack of the warm fuzzies.
Valentine's Day was popular in Europe in the early 1800s as a day men brought gifts to the women they loved.Gradually the expectations grew higher, the gifts got bigger, and eventually the holiday collapsed under the weightof the bills.
It was revived when the custom of exchanging love letters and love cards replaced the mandatory gifts. A youngman's love was measured in how much time he spent making a card with paper, lace, feathers, beads, and fabric. Ifthe young man wasn't good with scissors and glue, the job could be hired out to an artist who made house calls.
Valentine's Day grew more popular when machine-made cards became available, and people didn't have tomake their own. In England in 1840, the nation-wide Penny Post made it cheap for everyone to send Valentinecards. In the United States, national cheap postal rotes were set in 1845, and valentines filled the mail.
"Roses are red, violets are blue" was a popular verse on Valentine cards. Other holidays are associated withparticular flowers---the Christmas poinsettia, the Easter lily--but Valentine's Day has no specific flower. Instead, ithas colois--red, pink, and white. Red symbolizes warmth and feeling. White stands for purity. According to oneromantic flower code, messages can be spelled out with flowers. Gardenias say "I love you secretly". Violets say "Ireturn your love". Roses say "I love you passionately". Not surprisingly, the rose is now the tup-seeded flower oflove.
But love mostly goes wrong in mystery stories. Very badly wrong. Somebody do something wrong. Husbands,wives, and lovers kill each other. Or kill for each other. Stack the characters up in any kind of love triangle, andwatch how the angles are knocked off. Love is unrequited, thwarted and scorned. Murders are motivated by real orimaginary love, or the lack of it. That famous novelist Ernest Hemingway said, "If two people love each other therecan he no happy end to it". So it goes in the mystery. Justice may win, but love is often the loser. In addition to plots driven by love, or the lack of it, there are sleuths who encounter love in the solving of thecrime. The handsome or beautiful detective meets the suspect or the client. Their affair grows around, and in spiteof, the murder. Think of the movies Casablanca and Chinatown. Barbara D'Amato offers a different twist on thistheme in "Hard Feelings". The amateur sleuth meets a suspect or investigating officer and love smolders aroundthe crime. Rose DeShaw's "Love with the Proper Killer" is such a story.
In a series of novels, if the continuing character is living a full life, love enters the storyline somewhere.Dorothy L. Sayers' sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey fell in love with Harriet Vane while he sleuthed his way through afew books. Sherlock Holies remained aloof, but Dr. Watson fell in love and married between impossible crimes.There were no such temptations for Hereule Poirot or Jane Marple, but Agatha Christie created Tuppence andTommy Beresford as a detecting couple.
Real crimes are sometimes motivated by love, and are written about in true crime books. E.W. Count describesone such case in "Love is a Risk." "Married to a Murderer," by Alan Russell, follows the crime one step further.
Feeling an attack of the warm fuzzies? Do something sweet for someone you love. Then do something sweetfor yourself. Settle back with soft music and savor the online mysteries of love and romance in the Valentine andRomance Mysteries sections of this site. 22. The word "staple" in Paragraph I means__ A. necessary element B. romantic thing C. unacceptable pattern D. horrific thing
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true about St. Valentine's Day? A. It originated from a legend. B. It was named after a priest. C. It was first to commemorate death of one's beloved. D. It used to have a seamy side.
24. The passage implies that in mystery stories, love often __ A. turns into hatred at last C. serves as the end of the storyB. serves as incentives for murders D. beats justice
25. The passage may be __ A. a foreword to a website column C. a discussion of the origin of St. Valentine's Day B. an advertisement for a series of books D. a review of some mysteries
TEXT D Students of United States history, seeking to identify, the circumstances that encouraged the emergence offeminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and socialconditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the developmentof specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins offeminism in the United States have been obscured became, even when historians did take into account thosefeminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a Iruly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as"solitary" and "individual theorists" Were in reality connected to a movement--utopian socialism--which wasalready popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rightsconference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins anddevelopment of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widenedto include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include theideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist partof Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This isregrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Salnt-Simonianism and entirely absorbedits adherents' energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism, Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians'appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Salnt-Simun's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his projectto reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would beruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflectsthe fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men andwomen, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minoritybelieved that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-femaledifferences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was thatwomen would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with animproved way of life.
26. It can be inferred fi'om the passage that the Seneca Falls conference __ A. aimed at simulating feminist movements in America B. was the culminating achievement of the Utop.ian socialist movement C. discussed the ideological development of feminism D. focused on women's rights in America
27. What does the author think about most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians? A. They have studied more of the group's contribution to socialism. B. They have sthdied the group's feminist part. C. They have made a thorough investigation into feminism in France. D. They are the only authority on Saint-Simonism.
28. According to the passage, the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians would be one in which ~ A. women could obtain superior rights B. women played a vital role in politics C. the two genders competed with each other D. the two genders had equal status
29. It can be inferred from the passage that all Saint-Simonians _______ A. have different ideas regarding sexual equality B. believe that sexual equality benefits women more than it does to men C. believe in the innateness of differences between men and women D. regard gender differences as a result of education
30. Which is the main idea of the passage? A. The origin of American feminism. B. The development of American feminism. C. The feminist part of Saint-Simenianism. D. Saint-Simonianism and utopian socialism.
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEETTWO. 31. The largest city of British Columbia in Canada is _________ A. Ottawa B. Winnipeg C. Vancouver D. Montreal
32. The Parliament of Australia consists of the House of Representatives and_______ A. the House of Commons B. the House of Lords C. the Senate D. the General
33. The longest river in Britain is_______ A. the Mersey B. the Severn C. the Thames D. the Clyde
34. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution, which are known as A. the Bill of Rights C. Federalist Papers B. the Civil Rights D. the Articles of Confederation
35. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by _______ A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Harriet Beecher Stowe C. Stephen Crane D. Eugene O'Neil
36. Who is called "father of English and European novels"? A. Mark Twain C. William Makepeace Thackeray B. Daniel Defoe D. David Herbert Lawrence
37. A reference in a literary work to a person, a place or a thing in history or another work of literary is an _______ A. allegory B. archetype C. analogy D. allusion
38. Which of the following is NOT a "case" in English? A. Nominative. B. Accusative. C. Genitive. D. Vocative.
39. _______is often described as "father of modem linguistics". A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Halliday
40. Which of the following phrases is an example of an endocentric construction? A. On the shelf. B. Beyond the words. C. An old man. D. Without thinking.
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example When∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 41._______ a number of years, a multiplicity of persuns, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 42._______ which culminates in the ascent of Thbmas Jefferson to the presidency 43._______ can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 44. _______ represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modem England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modem Europe in the 45. _______ end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 46. _______ colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new 47. _______ nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 48. _______ were more than the securing ofa free constitution. They included the growth 49. _______ of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 50. _______ dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 我的愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個人長時問地獨處而感到身心愉快。獨享歡樂是一種愉快，獨自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨的時候，精神不會是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個豐富多彩的世界。情緒上的大歡樂和大悲痛往往都在孤獨中產(chǎn)生。孤獨中，思維可以不依照邏輯進(jìn)行，孤獨更多地產(chǎn)生人生的詩情——激昂的和憂傷的。孤獨可以使人的思想向更遙遠(yuǎn)更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你對自己或環(huán)境作更透徹的認(rèn)識和檢討。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neitherdo any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhumanand superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge fi'om his mind with a reality that few existingpeople--even those nearest to us--can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odors of subtropical plants, ladies'perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian's warmand cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter's intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, thetopographer's accuracy, and the impressionist's sensitivity. Moreover-side by side with Joyce and perhaps evenmore so--Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels aresimilar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which hislimited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.
The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one change that should be remembered aboutthe twentieth century? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your opinion.
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you shouldsupport your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to anatural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your essay on